Býgingi kýni Abay shygharmashylyghy nesimen ózekti, ómirshen, qajetti degen súraqtar barsha qauymdy tolghandyratyny anyq. Dana Abay tuylghanyna 170 jyl tolghaly otyrghan túsynda da, qansha uaqyt ótip, adamzat balasy jana formasiyagha, jana damu satysyna kóterilse de, tútas bir halyqtyng adastyrmas temirqazyghy, ruhany suaty, sarqylmas qazynasy bolyp otyr. Shyndyghynda, úlylardyng múrasy zaman men uaqyt tóreligine baghynbaydy. Óz shygharmalyghyn adamzat bolmysyna qatysty mәngilik taqyryptargha arqau ete bilgen ghúlamalar uaqyt ótken sayyn týrlenip, tolyghyp, qúndylyghy arta týsetini taghy bar.

Qazaq mәdeniyeti men aqyl-oyynyng zanghar biyigi Abay Qúnanbayúlynan keyin de talay dýldil jarap shyghyp, ózderining ólmes tuyndylaryn tartu etse de, hakim  Abaydyng júldyzy biyik túratyndyghy nelikten?  Ol eng aldymen Abay shyygharmashylyghyng әmbebaptylyghy, ensiklopediyalyghymen týsindirilse kerek. Lirika, poeziya, satira, poema, audarma janrlarynyng negizin salyp qana qoymay, osy janrlardy әlemdik biyikke shyghara bilui, muzykalyq múrasy, әleumettik-publisistikalyq, filosofiyalyq, dini, ghylymi, tarihy enbekterining mazmún terendigi, aghartushylyq, pedagogikalyq oilary onyng últ ústazy, tipti adamzat ghúlamasy atanuyna arqau boldy.

Býgingi qazaq qoghamy – dana Abay aitqan dertterden tolyq arylyp ketti me? Abaydy sherli etken qogham merezderi bizding qoghamymyzda tolyq joyyldy ma?Abay zamanyndaghy kýrdeli sayasiy-әleumettik ahual, jana Qazaqstannyng basynan tolyqtay tәrki etildi me?

Áriyne, Abay zamanynan beri, qazaq eli óte ýlken ghalamdyq ózgeristerdi basynan ótkerdi. Patshalyq Resey biyliginen keyin, Kenester Odaghy túsy halqymyz ýshin tәlkekti, nәubetti bolsa da, auyrtpalyqtardy qayyspay kótere bilgen el damudyng danghyl jolyna bet alghan kezender boldy. Qazaq jeri formasiyalardy almastyrdy, industrializasiyany, ghylymiy-tehnikalyq progressti,  ghylym men bilimdi iygerdi,   keshegi zamannan elding túrmys-tirshiligi men sanasy eleuli ózgerdi. Tәuelsizdigin alghan qazaq eli jahandyq yqpaldasu kóshinen keyin qalmay, shekarasy aiqyn, әlemning barlyq elderimen terezesi teng qarym-qatynas ornatqan, óz aldyna serpindi maqsattar qoyghan, damu satysynyna jana belesine qadam basqan myzghymas el. Alayda, Abay shygharmashylyghyna ózek bolghan mәseleler olar – mәngilik taqyryptar. Jan men tәnmen jaratylghan adam balasynyng ruhany ómirinde mәngilik bolatyn dingekti mәseleler. Materialdyq, tehnikalyq túrghydan adamzat qoghamy qanshalyqty damyp, ómir sýru tym qolayly әri jenil, ynghayly bolghanymen, adamnyng jan men tәnning qosyndysy ekendigi, onyng sanasy, aqyl-oyy,  ishki jan dýniyesi, ruhaniyaty men dili qatparly bolatyndyghy belgili.   Abay zamanynan beri, adamzat aqyl oiy, әsirese, әlemning damyghan, bәsekege qabiletti elderinde jana dengeyge kóterildi. Ol elderde damyghan azamattyq qogham men qúqyqtyq sana, qúqyqtyq mәdeniyet adam balasynyng baqytty ómir sýruine mol mýmkindikter berude. Qazaq qoghamy – adamy qasiyetter, mentaldyq, ruhaniyattyq túrghyda qanshalyqty ilgeri damy aldy? Abay shygharmashylyghyna arqau bolghan – jalghan qúndylyqtar, jalghan namys, nadandyq úyaty, qyzyl sóz, ósek, ótirik, maqtanshaqtyq, ayarlyq, kýnshildik, nadandyq qasiyetterden tolyq aryla aldyq pa? Abay syndy úly qalamgerlerding oilarynyng qúdireti әrbir jeke adamnyng jeke qasiyetterin qozghaumen qatar, tútas bir últtyn, memleketting adamgershilik kelbetin tarazylaydy, tipti ol shenberden de shyghyp, tútas adamzat balasynyng adamdyq qasiyetterining sapasyn anyqtaydy. Aqynnyng etikalyq mólsherlerining adamzat balasyna ortaq mәngilik qúndylyqtargha negizdelgendigi sebebinen  onyng kótergen mәseleleri qazaq balasy ýshin ghana emes, barlyq adamzat balasy ýshin óte ózekti bolyp qala bermek.

Abay óz shygharmalarynda ruhany jútandyqty, bilimsizdikti, kókirek kózining mórliligin, nadandyqty, imansyzdyqty, toghysharlyqty, enjarlyqty,  jalqaulyqty, sózuarlyqty, ekijýzdilikti, kýnshildikti, maqtanqúmarlyqty, maqtansýigishtikti, dýniyeqonyzdyqty, mansapqorlyqty, kórseqyzarlyqty, menmendikti, maqtanshaqtyqty, enbeksizdikti, әdiletsizdikti, satqyndyqty jәne t.b. qay zamandarda bolmasyn adam boyynda bolatyn moralidyq-etikalyq qasiyetterdi  sóz ete otyryp, adam balasynyng boyyndaghy qasiyetterin jaqsartugha, jetildiruge, tolyqtyrugha, jaman qasiyetteri bolsa solarmen kýresuge, olardy auyzdyqtaugha talaptanuy kerektigin týsindirip, ghasyrlar boyyna adamzat balasynyng aqyl-oyynda úshtalyp kele jatqan, diniy-pәlsafalyq, moralidyq-etikalyq, intellektualdyq, adamgershilik tújyrymdamasy – tolyq adam ilimin adamzat qoghamyna múra etip qaldyrdy. Abay ansaghan Tolyq adam – iydealdy adam ba? Ómirde tolyq adam bolyp ómir sýru mýmkin be? Abaydyng tolyq adamy tek diniy-moralidyq baghdarly ghana adam ba?

Abay shygharmalarynyng qúndylyghyn tek qana diny qúndylyqtargha alyp kelip tirep qoygha bolmaydy. Abay din taqyrybynda óte tereng bilimdi ghúlama bolghanymen, әsire dinshil, ne dindәr emes. Ol turaly Abay óz qara sózderi men ólenderinde anyq aityp ketken. Al otarlau ezgisine týsip, ruhani-etikalyq túrghydan úsaqtalyp bara jatqan halqyna, tura jol men tura dindi núsqau barysynda ghibratty dinning ilimin týsindirip, tәrbiyelik, tanymdyq maqsatta kóptegen oilaryn qaldyrghan. Ol tústa dýmshe moldalyq pen dýmshe dinshildikting keng qanat jayghan túsy bolghandyqtan, asyl dinning manyzyn týsingen aqyn, halyqty klerekalizmnen, soqyr dinnen, soqyr diny sanadan saqtandyryp, diny qajettilikte de mol oqu men izdenis kerektigin halyqtyng sanasyna sindirgen. Jalpy adam ómirinin, adamzat tirshiligining mәnin dinsiz tarazylau qanday mәnsiz bolsa, adamzat ómirining qúndylyghyn tek dinmen ghana týsindiru, dinmen ghana shekteu sonday mәnsiz. Dana Abay úlylargha ghana tәn terendikpen, diny tanym men qoghamdyq sanany, ghylymdy, jalpyadamzattyq mәngilik qúndylyqtardy sabaqtastyryp, adamzattyq ilimdi, «Adam bol» qaghidatyn ústanyp, sol ilimdi barsha adamzatqa ýndeydi.

Abay shygharmalary qazirgi tanda adamzat qoghamynyng dertine ainalghan últshyldyq, ksenofobiya, nәsilshildik, fashizm, diny antagonizm, klerekalizm mәselelerine týbegeyli qarama-qayshy. Basqasha aitqanda, býgingi kýni jahandyq mәselelerge ainalghan últshyldyq, ksenofobiya, nәsilshildik, diny antagonizm, radikalizm men fanatizm,  klerekalizmning emi, aiyqtyrar joly Abay shygharmalarynda jatyr.

Abay shygharmashylyghyna arqau bolghan qúndylyqtar qay qoghamda ýstemdik etip, saltanat qúrsa, sol elder barlyq kórsetkishter boyynsha jaqsy ómir sýrude. Abay ilimi qúndylyqtary ayaq asty bolyp, ekijýzdilik, ayarlyq saltanat qúrghan qoghamdar shyrghalangha qadam basyp, irip-shiru satysynda túr. 

Aqynnyng jiyrma birinshi qara sózinde aitylatyn – maqtan degen qasiyet bar. Qazaq halqynyng boyyndaghy maqtan sezimi turaly Abaydyng aitqandary býgingi kýni jana satygha kóterilip, memleketimizding strategiyalyq bet-perdesine ainaldy. Jauyrdy jaba toqu, kileng jylt etken jaqsyny ghana termeleu, «aydaghany bes eshki, ysqyryghy jer jarady» degendey týimedeydi týiedey etip jariyagha jar salu, qogham ýshin istelui kerek qajetti dýniyelerdi  qogham iygiligi, azamattardyng baqytty ómir sýrui ýshin emes, úpay jinau, mansap,  kórinip qalu, jaghynu, eldi aldau ýshin isteytin danghaza dengeyine jetkizu beleng alyp ketkeni jasyryn emes.  Elbasynyng kóterip otyrghan damyghan 30 elding qataryna enu, bәsekege qabiletti memlekettermen tenesu syndy bastamalary naqty is pen kórsetkish, nәtiyje emes qúr sózbúidagha salynu, kózboyaushylyq bolyp bara jatyr. Lepirme sóz, lepirme úrandar, ishki mazmún men sapagha ýnilmey daqpyrtqa ýiirsekteu, jalghandyqqa alyp kelip, maqtanudyng últtyq dertke ainalghandyghy kórinip túr. Áriyne, Tәuelsiz elimizding jetken jetistikteri az emes, ony eshkim joqqa shygharmaydy, joqqa shygharugha tyrysu ol naghyz qiyanatshylyq, degenmen әsire maqtangha jol bermeuge tyrysu qajet. Qazaqstan memleketining ekonomikalyq kórsetkishteri, onyng ishinde ishki jalpy ónim payyzy eselep arttyp, otandyq ónimder molynan óndirilip, elimizde ghana emes eksportqa shygharylghanda, el ishinde keng qanat jayghan ózin ózi óltiru, qylmys, týsik jasau, tastandy bala, qarttar ýii, júmyssyzdyq, baspanasyzdyq mәseleleri sheshilip, sybaylas jemqorlyq auyzdyqtalghanda (әlem boyynsha jemqorlyqty qabyldau faktory boyynsha Qazaqstan 126-orynda), sóz bostandyghy kórsetkishinen әlemdegi 166-orynnan alghashqy otyzdyqqa kirgende elding órkendeui turaly sóz etuge bolady. Maqtannan maqtanqúmarlyq, maqtansýigishtik payda bolyp, ol asqynghan kezde maqtanshaqtyq qasiyetke úlasady.

Dana Abaydyng úlylyghy sol – jeke adamgha qatysty óte nәzik, shetin qasiyetterdi talday otyryp, últtyq minezden de osy qasiyetterding kórinis alatyndyghyn anghartady. Qyryq tórtinshi qara sózinde «adam balasy ya talapty, ya talapsyz bolsyn, әiteuir «bәrekeldini» kerek qylmaytúghyny bolmaydy. Árneshik, orynsyz ba, oryndy ma, «bәrekeldi» deushini kónil izdep túrady» dep adam balasynyng әlsiz túsynyng tamyryn dóp basady. Osynday «bәrekeldi» tilegishtik bizding elde memlekettik sipat aldy. Memlekettik telearnalar men baspasózde tek «bәrekeldi» tilegishtik saryn, «bәrekeldi» tilegishtik sayasat. Qazaq qoghamynda mәsele, ne sheshilmegen týiin joq pa degen oy tudyruy da mýmkin. Álemning damyghan 30 elining ústanymdary qalay? Adamdyq sapa-qasiyetterdi meylinshe saraptan ótkizgen búl damyghan elderde maqtan men «bәrekeldi» tilegishtik sayasat әbden eksheuden, talqydan, tarazdan ótken synayly. Ol elder jýrgizilip otyrghan sayasattyng jemistiligin – BAQ-ta aitylyp, jazylghan boyynsha ne Ýkimetting esebinen emes, azamattardyng túrmys-tirshiligining kórsetkishinen esepteydi.

Qazirgi jahandanghan qoghamda qúndylyqtar, órkeniyetter, sanalar qaqtyghysy oryn aluda. Bir konfessiyanyng ekinshi bir konfessiyamen shiyelenisi tym kýsheyip otyr. Europa qúndylyqtary ýshin qatardaghy is, ózge elder ýshin keshirilmes kýnә, baryp túrghan azghyndyq. Onday әreketteri ýshin ortaghasyrlyq jazalau әdisteri dayyn túr. Diny qúndylyqtardy adamy qúndylyqtan joghary qoy, asyl dindi dúrys týsinbeu, týsindirmeu týrli qasiretterge alyp kelude. Kertartpa, soqyr, jalghan, taptauryn senim, namys adamzat qoghamyn jalpyadamzattyq qúndylyqtardan alystatuda.

Abay otyz altynshy sózinde «nadandyqtyng úyaty» degen qasiyetti aitady. Úyalmaytyn nәrsege úyalatyn, úyalatyn nәrseden úyalmaytyn toghyshar sanadan, ergejeyli ruhtan, tayaz parasattan, soqyr nadandyqtan, paryqsyzdyqtan, ardyng lastyghynan tuyyndaytyn  әreket.  Abaydyng «Nadandyqtyng úyaty» úghymy – aqyn ómir sýrgennen beri  eki ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt ótse de, adamzat sana, tanym, parasat túrghysynan janghyra almay otyrghandyghyn kórsetedi. Sol siyaqty qazaq qoghamyna da mentaldyq, ruhani, parasat túrghysynan janaratyn, eskilikting shenberinen shyghyp, janagha úmtylatyn, qúndylyqtar dýniyesinde reviziya jasap, daqpyrt pen danghazagha, kertartpalyq pen soqyr nanymgha, taptauryngha, ekijýzdilik pen ayarlyqqa,  jalghan namys pen maqtangha toly ruhani, adamgershilik kelbetimizdi jaqsartugha, adam qúqyqtary men baqytyn dәripteytin jalpyadamzattyq qúndylyqqa úmtylatyn kezeng keldi.

Adam qúny men qúqyghy kemigen, arzandaghan, ayaq asty bolghan qoghamda – adam eshqashan baqytty bolmaydy. Adam qúny men qúqyghy joghary qoghamda ghana adam ózing tolyq baqytty sezinedi.

Otyz tórtinshi sózinde : «Adam balasyna adam balasynyng bәri - dos» degen hakim Abay ólenderinde «Adamzattyng bәring sýy – bauyrym dep» jyrlap, últqa, dinge, nәsilge, әleumettik jikke, jynysqa bólmey barshagha mahabbat sezimde boludy ýndeui, qazirgi adamzat qoghamynyng basty úranyna ainaluy tiyis. Mynau bizge jat, mynau bizge teris, mynau mýlde bolmaydy, mynau ózge dinnen, mynau ózge últtan dep adam men qogham týrli shekteu, tyiym, narazylyq, jiyirkenish, jekkórushilikti órshitkende eshqashan kelisim men tatulyq bolmaydy. Adamzat qoghamy Abay syndy úlylardyng parasaty arqasynda úlyq, biyik. Álem úlylarynyng asyl oilary adam balasyn baqytty ómir sýruge shaqyryp otyrady. Adamzat balasynyng baqyty ol – shekteu men tyiymdardan ada,  jany men tәnining ýilesimi, jan qalauyn jýzege asyra bilu mýmkindigi, adam qúqyqtarynyng saltanat qúruy.

Noyabri KENJEGhAREV,

filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister odaghynyng mýshesi.

Abay.kz