Qazaq memlekettik qyzdar pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetindegi Fizika kafedrasynyng dosenti Ábduәli Fayzollaevtyng ashqan tehnikalyq janalyghy qúiyndy elektr toghyn ólsheu әdisi arqyly jerasty terbelisterining epiortalyghyn naqty anyqtaugha jәne jer silkinisinen búryn 6 saghattan 115 saghatqa deyin aldyn ala boljaugha bolady eken. Sonday-aq týrli-týsti baghaly metaldardyng qúramyn dәl anyqtaugha, eng bastysy, qan tamyrlaryndaghy úiyp qalghan qan týiirshikterin hirurgiyanyng aralasuynsyz eritip, ydyratugha bolady eken.
– Ábduәli Fayzollaúly, qúiyndy elektr toktardy zertteuge ne sebep boldy?

Qazaq memlekettik qyzdar pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetindegi Fizika kafedrasynyng dosenti Ábduәli Fayzollaevtyng ashqan tehnikalyq janalyghy qúiyndy elektr toghyn ólsheu әdisi arqyly jerasty terbelisterining epiortalyghyn naqty anyqtaugha jәne jer silkinisinen búryn 6 saghattan 115 saghatqa deyin aldyn ala boljaugha bolady eken. Sonday-aq týrli-týsti baghaly metaldardyng qúramyn dәl anyqtaugha, eng bastysy, qan tamyrlaryndaghy úiyp qalghan qan týiirshikterin hirurgiyanyng aralasuynsyz eritip, ydyratugha bolady eken.
– Ábduәli Fayzollaúly, qúiyndy elektr toktardy zertteuge ne sebep boldy?
– Qúiyndy toktardyng tike¬ley fizikalyq әserleri ghana ónerkәsipterde, elektr¬omagniyt¬tik deffektoskopiyalyq qon¬dyr¬ghylarda qatty denelerding shytynap, jarylghan jerlerin, aqaularyn, qatty denelerding qalyndyqtaryn ólsheu men qúrylymdyq saraptamalaryn anyqtauda paydalanylghan. Jo¬gharyda keltirilgen óner¬kәsip tehnologiyalarynyng eng jetik mamandarynyng biri, aka¬demik A.L.Dorofeevting «Viy¬hrevye toki» degen enbegindegi «...Qúiyndy toktardyng basqa toktardan ózgesheligi – olardy ampermetr nemese galivano¬metr kómegimen ólsheu mýmkin emes» degen ambisiyalyq túr¬ghydaghy ýzildi-kesildi tújyry¬my¬nyng kómeskiligi, aitylghan oidyng úshqarylyghy meni kóp oilandyrdy. Sóitip, Dorofeev siyaqty ýlken akademiyk-gha¬lym¬nyng tújyrymdauynan aghattyq ketkenin dәleldeu ýshin, әriptes fiziktermen birlesip osy salany terenirek zertteuge kiristik. Qúiyndy toktardy ólshep, olardyng elektr aghynyn jaqsy ótkizetin qatty denelerden ótetin jol¬da¬rynyng traektoriyasyn anyq¬taudy maqsat túttyq. Sóitip, qú¬yyndy toktardy ólshep jәne onyng núsqasyn anyqtau problemasy eki patent tóni¬re¬ginde (FG4A №9465, FG4A №13196), (51) MPK7 G09B 23/18 jәne (51) MPK7 G09B 23/18) zerttelip, halyqaralyq pa¬tentter synyptamasymen ai¬qyndaldy. Ónerkәsip menshigi resmy bulleteninde jariyala¬nyp, qúqyqtary qorghaldy. Zert¬teu joldary jogharyda kór¬setilgen songhy eki patent¬teri¬mizde tolyq sipattalghan. Al búl problemanyng aina¬la¬syndaghy zertteuler shyn mә¬ninde, eki ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt jýrgizildi. «Nauka+tehnika» jurnalynda jariyalanghan «Oshibka Niutona y otboy¬nyy molotok» dep atalatyn maqalada «Niuton oshibsya. V samoy prostoy klassicheskoy formule, opisyvaishey meha¬niy¬ku udara tverdyh tel, dve sotny let skryvalasi prinsiy¬pialinaya oshibka. Y sotny let ee ne zamechaly uchenye» degen sózder bar. Mening ashqan ja¬na¬lyghymnan osyghan jauap tabugha bolady. Qatty dene¬ler¬ding soghylysu mehanikasymen erte kezderi ghylym ghúlama¬lary – Niuton, Guygens jәne Gerster ainalysyp, aq-qa¬rasyn ashqan bolatyn. HHI ghasyrda sol problema qayta janghyryp, dúrys-búrystyghy qayta tekserilip jatyr.
– Sizding qol jetkizgen ja¬nalyghynyzdyng bastamasy bú¬dan eki ghasyr búryn qolgha alynghan eken. Fizika ghyly¬my¬nyng sharyqtap damyghan HH ghasyrda sizding qazirgi ashyp otyrghan tehnikalyq ja¬nalyghynyz nege eskeril¬mey, zertteusiz qalghan?
– Qúiyndy elektr aghyny teoriyasy 1820 jyldary ma¬nyzdy bastau aldy. Olardy alghash 1824 jyly qolgha alyp, zerttegen Arago degen fizik bolatyn. Ol mys dóngelekti magnit strelkasynyng mana¬yyn¬da ainaldyrghanda strel¬ka¬nyng dóngelekke tartylaty¬nyn angharghan. Búl qúbylysty Faradey qúiyndy toktardyng induksiyasy dep týsindirgen. Keyin búl qúbylysty jete zert¬tegen ghalym Fukonyng aty¬men «Fuko togy» dep atalady. Qúiyndy toktar elektrqoz¬ghalt¬qyshtardyn, mashinalar¬dyng jәne basqa da qondyr¬ghy¬lardyng magnit órisinde qoz¬ghalghan kez kelgen detalidaryn qyzdyryp, isten shygharady, transformatordyng induk¬tiyv¬tiligin arttyru maqsatynda katushka quysyna endirilgen ózekshelerdi qyzdyrady. PÁK tómendetkennen basqa paydasy bolmaghanyn angharghan maman¬dar olargha «parazittik tok¬tar» dep at qoyghan. Paydasy¬nan zalaly kóp dep tabylghan búl toktar zertteusiz qala bergenining birden-bir sebebi de sol bolatyn. «Qúiyndy tok¬tar¬dyn» qazirgi anyqtamasyn bylay beruge bolady: elektr aghynyn jaqsy ótkizetin dene túraqty magnit órisinde qoz¬ghalsa nemese sol tok ótkizgish denening ón boyyn ainymaly magnit aghyny periodty týrde tesip ótip túrsa, denede elektr togy payda bolady. Ol tokty «qúiyndy elektr togy» dep ataydy. Sonymen, qúiyndy tok¬tardyng payda boluyna eki týrli sebep bar ekenine kóz jetkizdik. Biri – qatty dene túraqty magnit órisinde qoz¬ghal¬ghanda, ekinshisi – sol dene¬ning tynyshtyq qalpynda mag¬nit aghyny periodty týrde tesip ótkende payda bolatyn, dóngelek formadaghy toktyng týrin aitamyz.
– Eki patentting ekeui de qúiyndy toktardyng kýshin jәne baghytyn ólsheuge negiz¬delgen qúraldar eken, olar¬dyng qanday aiyrmashylyq¬tary bar?
– Búl eki aspaptyng ekeuining de qúrylghylary óte úqsas. Birinshi patent – qúiyndy tok¬tar¬dy ólsheytin aspap dep atal¬ghanmen, negizi qatty denelerdegi qúiyndy toktardy zertteuge arnalghan bolatyn. Ol kezderi qúiyndy toktar¬dyng ólshenui mýmkin degen aq¬parat Halyqaralyq biblio¬gra¬fiya¬lyq patentter fon¬dynda bolmay shyqty. Zert¬te¬luimizding oryndaluymen onyng «manyzdylyghyn anyqtau sa¬rabyna» (ekspertiza po su¬shes¬tvu) Parij konvensiyasyna qatysushy memleket retinde Reseyge jiberildi. Sodan Mәs¬keude ýsh jarym jyl jatyp, «Alghashqylyghy aiqyndaldy» (prioriytet ustanovlen) degen sheshimmen oraldy. Áriyne, biz búghan qatty quandyq. Ekin¬shi¬sin biz «Súiyq ótkizgishtegi qúiyndy toktardy ólsheytin aspap» dep, batyl týrde anyq¬tadyq. Sebebi bizden basqa qú¬yyndy tokty ólsheuden jana¬lyq ashyp jatqandar joq ekenin bildik. Boyynda elektr zaryadtary bar kez kelgen zat¬ty (qatty, súiyq, gaz) magnit aghyny qiyp ótkende zattyng boyynda qúiyndy elektr togy payda bolady degen tújyrym jasadyq. Búl songhy patent boldy. Býginge deyin, qúiyndy toktyng súiyq ótkizgishterde payda bolatynyn әlemde biz¬den basqa eshbir ghalym dәlel¬degen joq. Búghan deyin barlyq oqulyqtarda «qúiyndy elektr togy tek qatty denelerde ghana bolady» dep kelgen. Fizikter arasynda qalyptasyp qalghan osy kózqarasty ózgertu kerek bolady. Sóitip, batys ghyly¬my¬na «tór meniki» deuge әbden qúqymyz bar dep oilaymyz. Osyny biz óz elimizde býgin bastamasaq, erteng aqshaly el¬der múny da ózderine tanyp alady da, biz «dalada» qala¬myz. Onsyz da «radiony oilap tap¬qan A.Popov, Venera pla¬netasyn ashqan M.Lomonosov» degen pikirde jýrmiz.
– Búl ónertabysynyz ke¬leshekte qanday baghytta keng qoldanys tabady dep oi¬lay¬syz?
– Búl aspaptardy Seys¬mo¬logiya salasynda keninen pay¬dalanugha bolady. Qúiyndy elektr toghynyng kómegimen elektr órisin ólsheu arqyly jerasty terbelisterine zert¬teu jýrgizuge, naqty ornyn, bolatyn uaqytyn anyqtaugha bolady. Eger osy patentterdi basshylyqqa ala otyryp, ar¬nayy qúral jasap shygharsa, me¬disina salasyna da kóp kómegin tiygizer edi. Qúiyndy elektr aghyndary arqyly qan tamyrlaryna úiyghan týiir¬ler¬di trombolittik preparat¬tar nemese hirurgiyalyq jol¬darsyz ydyratugha bolady. Qoldanysqa týsse, әri qaray jetildire beretin edik. IYdeyalar kóp, qarjy joq.

Qayyrjan TÓREJANOV
«Ayqyn» gazeti, 28 mamyr 2009 jyl