Qartayghan Ertisting aghymyna ilesken tarihtyng tolqyny bizdi tәuelsizdigimizding 23 jyldyq merekesine de jetkizdi. Jyldan jylgha tarihtyng aghymy әlemdegi qúbylystardyng әserimen údaya kýsheyip keledi, tarihy ýrdis pen ózgeristerding qarqyny anyq bayqalady. Jahandanudyng әserimen jantalasqa týsken elimiz ýshin qúny jetpes Tәuelsizdik merekesi qarsanynda elimizding osy tәuelsizdik ýshin ótken tarihy jolyna, qazaq halqynyng jadyndaghy onyng qúndylyghy men manyzyna oy órbitu qajet.

Tәuelsizdik – qazaq halqy ýshin qatardaghy týsinik emes, búl qazaq halqynyng tarihy bolmysyndaghy ansaghan armany. Tәuelsizdik – barsha halqymyzdyng kýres pen enbek, ilim-bilim men ónerining shabytyna qamshy basqan ýmiti. Búghan dәlel – azattyq ýshin shattanghan ata-babamyzdyng joly.

Sonau saq-ghún zamanynda ata-babalarymyz tәuelsizdik jolynda alpauyt Parsy men Hani imperiyalaryna qarsy túrdy. Ghúndardyng qahary men quatynyng kýshtiligi sonsha – býkil Aspanasty elin biriktirgen Sini imperatory Shihuan-dy olargha qarsy Úly qytay qorghanyn saldy.

Kóshpeli ata-babamyz óz órkeniyeti men mәdeniyetining bolmysyn saqtap qalyp, óz memlekettiligin qalyptastyrdy. Memlekettilik – qazaq halqy ýshin 1991 jyly alghash tuyndaghan janalyq emes, osy jyly biz ózimizding memlekettigimizdi janghyrttyq, qayta tәuelsiz el boldyq. Qazaq memlekettiligining tarihy tamyry terende jatyr. Ejelgi ghún zamanynda Orda instituty qalyptasyp, kóshpeli qoghamnyng spesifikalyq memlekettiligining formasyna ainaldy.

Kóptegen Europanyng halyqtary әli qalyptaspay jatqanda, bizding tikeley ata-babalarymyz – týrikter 551 jyly tәuelsizdigi jolynda kórshi jatqan jujandardyng bodandyghynan qútylyp, Qara teniz ben Korey tenizine deyin Euraziyanyng úlan-ghayyr dalalaryn alyp jatqan úly imperiyanyng negizin qalady. Týrki zamanynda erekshe kóshpeli әlemning memlekettilik nyshanyna ainalghan – qaghanat jýiesi qalyptasyp, kórshi jatqan monghol men ugor halyqtarynyng memlekettilik institutynyng negizi boldy. Búghan dәlel – Hazar, Avar qaghanattary. Úly jaulaushy Shynghyshannyng ózi qaghan atanghan.

Kóshpeli әlemning eki alpauyty – týrki men monghol halyqtarynyng tarihynyng sabaqtastyghy anyq. Shynghyshan men onyng úrpaqtary qúrghan imperiya tek monghol halqy ýshin tughan orda bolghan emes, búl imperiya – býkil kóshpeli әlem ýstemdigining simvoly. Ata-babalarymyz Shynghys hannyng múrasyn, onyng úrpaqtaryn – tórelerdi erekshe qadirlep, ózindey kórgen. Qazaq halqy monghol úlystaryn, Altyn Ordany – bóten, jaulaushy halyqtyng emes, óz memlekettiligi dep tanyghan. Qazaq handyghynyng negizin qalaghan Jәnibek pen Kereyding ózderi Shynghystyng úrpaqtary edi.

Qazaq handyghynyng dәuiri – qazaqtyng últtyq egemendigi men tәuelsizdigining sharyqtaghan shyny. «Qasym hannyng qasqa joly», «Esim hannyng eski joly», Tәuke hannyng «Jeti Jarghysy» – taygha tanba basqanday qazaq memlekettigining nyshandary, qazaq tәuelsizdigining aiqyn aighaghy. Jәnibek pen Kerey, Qasym men Haqnazar, Tәuekel men Esim handardyng jetekshiligimen halqymyz 300 jyldyq tәuelsiz handyq dәuirinde ómir sýrdi. Osy dәuirdi halqymyz «qoy ýstinde boztorghay júmyrtqalaghan» beybitshilik pen azattyq dәuiri dep eske týsiredi. Alayda, halqymyzdyng beybit ómiri tәuelsizdik ýshin kýreske týsken syndarmen qatar jýrdi. Tәuelsizdik jolynda qazaq halqy qaytalanbas erlikting ýlgilerin kórsetti. Mysaly, Resey derekterine sýiensek, 1643 jyly 600 adamnan túrghan Jәngir han basqarghan qazaq jasaghy 50 myng jonghar jasaghyna qarsy túrghan. Búl ataqty 300 spartalyq jauyngerlerding erligine teng qazaq tarihyndaghy ýlgi.

HVIII-shi ghasyrdaghy qazaq tarihy el taghdyry ýshin sheshushi sәtterge toly, qayghyly da qasiretti kezen. Búl qazaqtyng óz memlekettigi men tәuelsizdigi ýshin kýreste jantalasqa týsip, «nayzanyng úshyna, bilekting kýshine» jýgingen qiyn-qystauly tarih betteri. Tәuke hannyng óliminen song bastalghan ishki sayasy bytyranqylyq qazaq halqynyng basyna tóngen syrtqy qauippen qostaldy. Jan-jaqtan: soltýstik pen batystan – Resey memleketinin, onyng qolastyndaghy bashqúrt, qalmaqtardyn,  shyghystan – jongharlardyn, ontýstikten – Orta Aziya handyqtarynyng sayasy qysym jasady. Qalyptasqan sayasy jaghday men ishki alauyzdyq qazaq halqynyng tarihynda óshpestey iz qaldyrghan – Aqtaban-shúbyryndy qasiretine әkeldi.

Zar-zaman shygharmashylyghyndaghy dәuir sipatyn ashatyn halyq múnynyng joldaryn keltiretin bolsaq:

Baq degenim sorgha ainaldy,

Taq degenim kórge ainaldy,

Kókiregime sher baylandy,  tolayym

Jer degenim kebenek pe,

El degenim ebelek pe,

Er degenim kóbelek pe,  aghayyn

Atameken - alyp tozaq,

Moyynyndy qamyt qajap,

Moyydyn-au, gharyp qazaq, ah úryp.

Nayzaghayly namys qayda,

Qayta bizben tabyspay ma,

Ata jaumen alyspay ma,  aqyryp – degen óleng joldary zamannyng býkil kelbetin, halyqtyng mún-syryn ashady.

Dәl osy tarihy kezende qazaq halqyna qúryp ketu qaupi tóndi. El basyna auyr kýn tudy. Sol kezding ózinde halqynyng bolashaghy ýshin býkil kýsh-jigerin salatyn suyryla sóileytin sheshender, topty bastar kósemder, tu ústaytyn batyrlar, eldi erlikke shaqyratyn jyrshylardyng bastauymen tәuelsizdikti saqtap qaldyq. Halqymyz tәuelsizdigi men bolashaghy ýshin Búlanty men Anyraqay shayqastarynda úly jenisterge qol jetkizip, qúryp ketuden aman qaldy.

Reseyding otarshyldyghy men Kenestik dәuirlerde halqymyz tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy 300 jyldyq úly kýresi men qajyrly enbegining arqasynda býgingi tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizdik. Tek keyingi eki ghasyrdyng ishinde halqymyzdyng óz bostandyghy jolynda Resey imperiyasy men basqa da otarshylargha qarsy eki jýzden astam últ-azattyq kóterilisterge shyqqany - halqymyzdyng tәuelsizdikke úmtylysynyng aighaghy. Tarihymyzdaghy Syrym men Isataydyn, Kenesary men Janqojanyng últ-azattyq kýresteri,

Kózindi ash, oyan qazaq, kóter basty,

Ótkizbey qaranghyda beker jasty.

Jer ketti, din nasharlap, hal aram bop,

Qaraghym, endi jatu jaramas-ty,

dep halqynyng bolashaghy ýshin jan azabyna týsken keshegi Alash ziyalylarynyng kýresi, Jeltoqsanda qazaqtyng bolashaghyn ansaghan qazaqtyng jastarynyng alangha shyghuy, – tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy kýresimizding aighaghy. Tәuelsizding túghyrynyng nyghangyna Elbasymyzdyng – Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaevtyng ýlesi asa zor. Preziydentimizding basshylyghymen býgingi kýni egemendi elimiz býkil әlemge tanymal, qarqyndy damyp jatqan elge ainalyp, Mәngilik El iydeyasy ayasynda halqymyz birigude.

Tәuelsizdik – ata-babamyzdan miras bolyp qalghan úly qúndylyqtarymyzdy: dilimizdi, tilimizdi, dinimizdi janghyrtugha mýmkindik bergen asyl qazyna.

Tәuelsizdik – biz ýshin kópti berdi, al biz tәuelsizdik ýshin ne berdik? Oilanayyq, aghayyn! Tәuelsizdik – baqta ósken gýl siyaqty, әrbireuimizding nәr sebuimizdi talap etedi. Tәuelsizdikting tiregin nyghaytu elding әr azamatynyng qolynda. Egemen memleketimizding tamyry terendep, tәuelsiz elimizding shanyraghy berik bolsyn, aghayyn!!!

Qayrat Battalov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty,

S.Torayghyrov atyndaghy Pavlodar memlekettik uniyversiytetining Qazaqstan tarihy kafedrasynyng mengerushisi.

Abay.kz