Irrigasiyalyq jәne drenajdyq jýielerdi jetildiru jónindegi joba elimizding ontýstik ónirlerindegi auyl halqynyng negizgi kýn kóris kózi bolyp tabylatyn suarmaly jerlerding irrigasiyalyq jәne drenajdyq jýielerdi tolyq jóndeu arqyly su ysyrabyn barynsha azaytugha, suarmaly eginshilik jerding kólemin kóbeytuge, mal sharuashylyghyn, qajetti jem-shóp óndirisin molaytu arqyly auyl halqynyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jәne ekologiyalyq jaghdaylaryn jaqsartugha ong әserin tiygizedi. Búl jobany jýzege asyrugha 60 mlrd. tenge, onyng 18 mlrd. bankining qaryzy esebinde bólinbekshi. Yaghni, 1 ga jerge 531 myng tengeden bólinip otyr. Búl óte qomaqty qarjy. Joba boyynsha 113 myn. ga jerding eng kóp bóligi 70400 ga Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna, Almaty oblysyna 12500 ga, Jambyl oblysyna 15 myn, al, 230 000 ga suarmaly jeri bar, onyng 180 myng injenerlik tegistelgen jýiege keltirilgen Qyzylorda oblysyna nebary 15100 ga jer qamtylghan.  Ónirding shóleytti jәne shóldi aimaqta ornalasuyna baylanysty eginshilik salasynyng barlyghy suarmaly jýiege beyimdelgen. Sondyqtan, suarmaly jerdi tiyimdi paydalanu oblystaghy eng manyzdy mәselelerding biri bolyp sanalady. Sebebi, ónirimizding eginshilik salasynyng negizgi daqyly 90-110 kýn boyy suda ósetin kýrish daqyly. 

Oblysta suarmaly jerlerde 2318 shaqyrym magistraldy jәne sharuashylyq aralyq kanaldar, 995 shaqyrym qashyrtqy kanaldar, 688 dana  gidrotehnikalyq qúrylystary bar. Olardan basqa oblys kóleminde 5 756 shaqyrym ishki sharuashylyq su jýieleri, 2510 shaqyrym ishki sharuashylyq qashyrtqylar bar. Qazirgi kýni sharuashylyq aralyq kanaldardyng paydaly koeffsiyenti 0,83 prosent, ishki  sharuashylyq kanaldarynda 0,55 prosentten aspaydy. Osyghan oray alynghan sudyng 50 payyzdan astamy kanaldar boyynda joghalady. Qazir qolda bar jerding 74% jer asty sulary jogharylap, túzdanuyna baylanysty qanaghattandyrylmaytyn jaghdayda qalyp otyr. Oblysta jyl sayyn 80 myng ga kýrish egu ýshin, jylyna 334 shaqyrym kanaldar, 122 shaqyrym qashyrtqylar tazalanyp, 130 myng ga jerge aghymdyq tegisteu jәne 120 dana gidrotehnikalyq qúrylystargha jóndeu júmystaryn jýrgizu qajet. Oblystaghy suarmaly jerdi paydalanudaghy qiyndyqtar negizinen qashyrtqyly-drenajdyq jýielerding júmys isteu qabiletining tozyghy jetkendiginen, ishki sharuashylyq aralyq su jýielerin tiyimsiz paydalanudan bolyp otyr. Sol sebepti auyspaly egistiktegi qashyrtqy-drenaj jýiesining jaghdayy jer asty sularynyng dengeyin tiyisti mólsherde tómendete almauda, búl óz kezeginde egistik topyraqqa túz jinaluyna aparyp qazirgi uaqytta oblystaghy egistik alqaptyng 70% túzdanyp ketken. Olardy túzsyzdandyru júmystaryn jýrgizuge kóptegen sharuashylyqtardyng qarjylyq mýmkindikteri jete bermeydi. Osy túrghydan alghanda «Irrigasiya jәne drenaj jýielerdi jetildiru-3» kezekti jobasyn jýzege asyru arqyly,  oblystaghy qolda bar kýrish auyspaly egisterining barlyq irrigasiya jәne drenaj jýielerin, yaghny 130 myng gektardy qalpyna keltiru qajet. Sol arqyly ghana sudy tiyimdi paydalana alamyz. Qazirgi tanda Qyzylorda oblysynda 1 gektar jerge kýrish ósiru ýshin 40 myng kub metr su paydalanady. Oblysta jylyna 80 myng gektar kýrish ósiredi. Oghan 3,2 mlrd. kub. su ketedi. Salystyrmaly týrde alsaq, biz kýrish daqylyn ósiretin Italiya, Ontýstik Koreya, Japoniya siyaqty elderden sudy 3-5 ese kóp paydalanamyz. Yaghny olardy 1 tekshe metr sudyng ónimdiligi 5-6 kg qúrasa, bizde ol 0,8 kg-nan aspaydy. Demek, gidromeliorativtik jýielerding tehnikalyq jaghdayynyng nasharlauy jәne tozu prosessteri, sonday-aq jana suaru tehnologiyalaryn engizu dengeyining tómendigi qalghan suarmaly jerlerding ónimdiligine keri әserin tiygizude. Sudy barynsha ysyrappen paydalanudyng nәtiyjesinde Qyzylorda oblysynda kólder jýiesi qúrugha ainaldy. Oblys aumaghynda 1980 jyly 400-n astam jergilikti manyzy bar balyq sharuashylyghy su aidyndary bolsa, 2014 jyly olardyng nebary 179 ghana qaldy. Búl tabighatqa qarsy adamdar qolymen jasalghan qastandyq.Bir úrpaqtyng kóz aldynda әlemde tendesi joq Aral tenizinen aiyrylyp qaldyq.Tek Elbasymyzdyng saliqaly sayasatynyng arqasynda Qazaqstangha tiyeseli Kishi Aral tenizin saqtap qalugha mýmkindik tudy. Demek, su resurstarynyng ósip kele jatqan tapshylyghy jaghdayynda suarmaly jerlerdi útymdy jәne tiyimdi paydalanu mәselesine – su sayasatynda basymdyq berilui tiyis. 

«IYeli jer – kiyeli jer» degen ataly sóz bar. Qazir elimizdegi suarmaly jerler azayyp barady, bar bolghany 1,4 mln. gektar  ghana. Osy suarmaly jerlerden alynghan ónimning qúny respublika boyynsha alynghan jalpy ónimning 25% qúraydy, yaghny 6 ga tәlimi egisten alynatyn ónimdi bir gektar suarmaly egisten alugha bolady. Demek, eng aldymen elimizding ekologiyasy búzylghan jerlerdi qalpyna keltiru, qúrghaq jerlerdi sulandyru, sortan jerlerdi meliorasiyalau siyaqty sharalargha tek memleket esebinen qarjylandyrudyng mýmkin emes ekenin eskere otyryp, qarjylandyrudyng basqa da kózderin, onyng ishinde zaem, júmsaq shartpen úzaq merzimdi qarjylandyrudy úsyna alatyn Dýniyejýzilik Bank, ABR jәne basqa instituttardyng qarjylaryn tartumen memlekettik qaryz alu arqyly investorlardy tartudyn tetikterin qarastyru qajet. Mýmkin elimizding suarmaly jerlerin qalpyna keltiru turaly Ýkimet tarapynan keshendi baghdarlama jasau qajet shyghar. Sebebi, suarmaly jerler kepildi mol ónim beretin, qaytarymy joghary, auyl sharuashylyghynyng «altyn qory» ghana emes, ol – sol ónirlerde  túratyn halyqtyng ómiri, tirshiligi, әleumettik jaghdayy, taghdyry. Suarmaly jerlerding jaghdayy jóndelse, elimizde azyq-týlik molshylyghy bolady, agroónerkәsip keshening eksporttyq әleueti artady, import azayady, respublika halqynyng jaghdayy jaqsarady degen sóz. Osyny esten shygharmayyq.

Múrat Baqtiyarúly,

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Parlamenti Senatynyng deputaty.

Abay.kz