ADAM QALAY TERRORIST BOLADY?
Býginde islamgha kýie jaghuda keng qoldanylyp jýrgen terminderding biri - terrorizm. Al, terrorist degen kim? Oiymyzgha birden keletini bet-auzyn túmshalaghan, qolyna qaru ústaghan, halyqtyng qútyn qashyrghysy keletin jan. Psihologtardyng aituynsha, olar da adam balasy, biraq adamy qasiyetten aiyrylghandar. Endeshe, olar búl jolgha qalay týsti? Terrorist dayyndaudyng qanday da bir mektebi bar ma? Jalpy, terroristerding tanymy men әlemdik psihologiyalyq zertteulerding qorytyndysy turaly teologiya ghylymnyng doktory, islamtanushy ghalym Múhiddin ISAÚLYN әngimege tartqan edik.
– Múhiddin Isaúly, qarapayym ghana súraqqa jauap berseniz. Adam qalay terrorist bolady?
– Jalpy,sodyrlargha psihologiyalyq zertteu jýrgizilgende, eng aldymen olardyng bәri terrorlyq is-әreketting qúrbany ekeni anyqtalghan. Ózining adamy qasiyetteri men ómirge degen senimin joghaltqan jәne bolashaqqa degen ýmiti óship, adamy ústanymy, senimi búzylghandar birden terrorist bolatyny dәleldengen. Múnday qúrbandar bolashaq ómirin joghaltyp alghandyqtan, olardyng jan-dýniyelerinde qayghy-qasiret bolady. Ómirden óz ornyn taba almay, qabiletsiz әri dittegen maqsattaryna jete almaghandyqtan, osynyng bәrine kinәlini ózgeden kórip, ósh aludyng jolyna týsedi. Sol jolda ózin de qúrban etudi maqsat tútady. Óitkeni, onyng boyynda aldymen ózining qabiletsiz bolghany, al ózge adamdardyng qabiletti bolyp dittegen maqsattaryna jetip jatqany, ony әri qyzghandarady әri óshpendilik sezimin oyatady. Ekinshiden, onyng eng qorqynyshy – bolashaqqa degen ýmitsizdigi. Yaghni, bolashaghy kýngirt әri óte qorqynyshty bolyp kórinedi. Sol qorqynyshynyng qasynda ózin qúrban etu eshqanday da qorqynysh emes, kerisinshe әlgi qorqynyshty basu, serpiltu bolyp sanalady. Al, múny jaman pighyldy toptar óz maqsattaryna paydalanyp ketedi.
– Kóbine qay jastaghy adamdar beyim bolyp keledi?
– Áriyne, jasy úlghayghan jandarda múnday qorqynysh kezdese bermeydi. Psiholog ghalymdardyng sózine qarasaq múnday sezimder kóbinese 17-23 jastaghy jastar arasynda kezdesedi. Osy jas aralyghyndaghy terroristerdi zerttegende, olardyng kóbi ata-anasynan jәne óz ortasynan qorlyq kórgen, mún-zaryn eshkimge ayta almaghandar. Olar ýide de, syrtta da, jalpy qoghamnan shettetilgender.
– Yaghni, olardy tolyghymen ruhany nauqasqa shaldyqqandar dep ataugha bola ma?
– Kelisemin. Bireui ózining kim ekendigin, endi biri últshyldyghyn, endi biri diny senimin algha shygharghysy keledi. Biraq, tabysqa jete almaghan song qataldyq arqyly tez arada qol jetkizuge tyrysady. Eger, ózin tanytqysy kelse tiri bombagha ainalady. Al, qoghamdyq bolsa arnayy ózin qoldaytyn terrorlyq toptargha qosylady. Keybir psihologtar olarda múnday nauqas kórinbeytinin, bar- joghy týrli sebepterden bolatynyn aitady. Mysaly, tughannan atys-shabys arasynda ósken, ózgelerden qorlyq kórip, eshbir tiri jangha senbey, barlyq adamdardy ózine jau kórip ósu de adamdy terrorlyq is-әreketke sýireytinin algha tartady. Sonday-aq, psihologtar әrbir terroristing ózindik psihologiyalyq auytquy baryn aitady. Terroristterding bәrin «bir tarazygha salyp tartu» qiyn ekendigine nazar audartady.
– Jalpy, terroristerding týrli tipologiyalary baryn bilemiz. Mysal retinde, IShIM qúramyndaghy sodyrlardy eki topqa bólip qarastyrady. Birinshisi - psihologiyalyq auytqugha úshyraghandar. Al, ekinshisi islam dinin bilmeytinder. Osy eki topty ashyqtap týsindirip berseniz...
– Dúrys aitasyz.Terroristerding arasynda aqyl-esi dúrys, intellektsi joghary túlghalar, sonday –aq sauaty shamaly adamdar da kezdesedi. Psihikalyq túrghyda aqyl esi tolyq emes fanatikter de jetip artylady. Sol sekildi aqshagha baylanysty - paydakýnemdik motivteri retinde de anyqtaugha bolady.
Al, qazirgi IShIYM-de óz-ózin jaryp jatqan «músylmandargha» keletin bolsaq, búlardyng psiohologiyalyq auytqulary bir arnagha toghysa bermeydi. Áytkenmen, búlardy óziniz aitqanday, ekige bólip qaraugha bolady. Áuelgi topta psihologiyalyq auytqular bar. Otbasymen dúrys qarym-qatynasta bolmaghan nemese bala kezinde ortasynan qysym kórgen, qysqasha aitqanda ómirden opa tappaghan jas. Bizding eldegi suisitting basym kópshiligi osynday sebepten bolyp jatady. Osynday jastar teris aghymdardyng qolyna týsse, op-onay solardyng yghyna jyghalady.
Ekinshi toptaghylar - islam dinin bilmeytinder. Olar óz dinin bilgisi kelip jýrgende, sol teris aghymnyng qolyna týsedi de onay jәne tóte jolmen júmaqqa barghysy keledi. Olardyng sheyhtary olargha ayat pen hadisten mysal bere otyryp (búrmalap), sheyit boludyng qadir-qasiyetin aityp, dәri arqyly emes kәdimgi nasihat arqyly ózderin qúrban etuge dayyndaydy. Olar, tipti júmaqta jýrgendey sezinedi. Yaghni, biri qoghamnan ósh alu ýshin, kek alu ýshin istese, endi biri ózining júmaqtyq baqyty jolynda zúlymdyqty dúrys sanaydy. Búl toptaghylardy eger din biletin bireu olardan búryp әketip, úzaq uaqyt nasihattaytyn bolsa óz raylarynan qaytuy mýmkin. Búl rette aitarym, terrolyq is-әreketke baratyn sodyrlardyng bәrin bir tarazygha qoyyp, bәrine birdey diognoz qoi qiyn. Biraq, bәrining de adamy qasiyet jaghynan psihologiyalyq auytqular bar ekeni anyq.
– Osy, teris aghymdardyng jergilikti halyq dәstýrlerin, qúlshylyqtaghy keybir aiyrmashylyqtaryn shirkke shygharyp, biydghatqa balauy qanshalyqty qauipti dep oilaysyz?
– Biydghatshylyqtyng qaupi syrttay qaraghanda, sodyrlyq әrekettermen salystyrghanda qauipsiz tәrizdi kóringenmen, salystyrmaly jaghynan kelgende onyng sodyrlyq әreketterge baratyn jastardy dayyndaugha jәne psihologiyalyq auytquyna erekshe ról atqaratyn jaqtary bar. Yaghni, biydghatshylyq qaupi sodyrlyq qauipting týpki tamyrlary dep aitugha keledi. Biydghatshylyqtyng týbinde halyq pen qoghamdy ózine jau etu jatyr.
Jalpy, islamda biydghat jaman-jaqsy bolyp ekige bólinedi. Biydghat degen sóz asyly dinde bolmay, keyinnen adamdardyng ne bolmasa belgili bir halyqtyng dinde joq nәrselerdi din etip kórsetip, sony diny amalday sanauy. Mysaly, sahabalar Mysyrdy alghanda ol jerde sol bayaghy piramida tәrizdi jәdigerlik eskertkishter kóp edi. Biraq, olardy qiratpaghan. Súltan Fatih da Ayasopiyany meshitke ainaldyrghanda qabyrghalardaghy hristiandardyng kiyeli sanaghan suretterge tiyispegen. Aughanstan tәrizdi elderde de Orta Aziyada kóne budda tәrizdi dinderge arnalghan jәdigerler әli kýnge deyin saqtalghan edi. Mine, dinde osylay bola túra islam atyn jamylghan sodyrlarda osyghan qarama-qayshy әreketterding boluy, olardyng islamgha qarama-qayshy toptar ekeni anyq bilinedi.
Olar ózderine bir jetkinshekti tartqan kezde, osy biydghatshylyqty basqasha týsindirip, qoghamdy ózine jau etip kórsetedi. Mysaly, qazaqtyng býkil salt-dәstýrin jәne hanafiyding fәtualaryn dinde bolmaghan nәrse etip kórsetip, jastyng sanasynda «búlar adasqan, endeshe olardyng qanyn tógu – halal» degen týsinik ornyqtyrady. Múnyng arty «búl el, búl últ sening últyng emes, sening baryng da, jaqynyng da bizbiz» degenge úlasady. Yaghni, tehnikalyq tilmen aitqanda «vindouysy» tútas auysady. Týri qazaq, biraq jan dýniyesi tútastay ózgerip ketedi.
– Óziniz bilesiz, qazirgi uaqytta radikaldy toptar sodyrlardy dayyndauda Qúran ayattaryn jii paydalanady eken. Áriyne, ayattardy tereng týsindirmey, óz maqsattaryna ynghaylap, jastardyng sanasyna basqasha pikir qalyptastyrady. Osy rette, qúrannyng astarly ayattaryn qalay týsindiruge bolady?
– Joramal arqyly ghana týsindiruge bolady. Mysaly, Qúranda Alla Taghalanyng zatyna qatysty ayattardy Imam Maturidy tәrizdi ghalymdar joramal arqyly týsindirgen. Biraq, joramal túp-tura aqiqat, menzegen maghynanyng dәl ózi degen sóz emes. Sol astarlygha jaqyn maghyna. Múndaghy maqsat - qarapayym halyqty aqiqatqa jaqyndatu jәne aqiqattan alystatpau. Al, múnyng sodyrlardy dayyndauda qanday psihologiyalyq әseri bar dep súraytyn bolsanyz, búl jerde әseri mol. Jalpy, islamda eng әueli senim – Allagha senim, Allagha degen týsinik. Al, endi sodyrlardy dayyndaytyn psiholog mamandar ózining nysanalyq adamynyng sanasynda «joramaldardy» joqqa shygharyp, astarly ayattar turaly basqa pikir aityp, solay qalyptastyrghanda, onyng senimi mýlde basqasha bolyp shygha keledi. Yaghni, ol nysana óz mejesinen tayghanda, kýlli qoghammen ýilespeytin bar-joghy sol elde «jihad» jasaugha arab elinen kelgen mujahid bolyp sezinetin bolady. Sol ýshin de olar arnayy ózderining baghyty qoyylghan diny terminderdi jii aitqyzatyn bolady.
Búghan qatysty «Ály Imran» sýresindegi jetinshi ayatta múnday astarly ayattardy jýreginde auytqu bolghandar el ishinde býlik shygharu ýshin óz iydeologiyalaryna paydalanatyndyghy ashyq aitylady. Tipti Muslimde hazireti Aysha Payghambarymyzdan «olar kimder?» dep súraghanda Alla elshisi astarly ayattargha qaray jýgirip, ózine qaray búra tartqandardy kórsen, mine Allanyng atap kórsetkeni solar dep belgilerin beredi.
– Al, IShIM qúramyndaghy diny sanasy ulanghan, diny bilimi tayaz azamattar tek IShIM uaghyzyn tyndaumen shekteledi emes pe?
– Iran biyligi qalay Ayatolladan jenildi? Olardyng eng basty qateligi, oghan jәy bir uaghyzshy retinde qarap, mәn bermedi. Ol shet elde jýrse de halyq arasynda uaghyz nasihatyn keng jaydy. Ol diny uaghyzdy paydalanyp, ózining sayasy iydeologiyasyn diny motiv arqyly jaqsy jýrgize aldy. Ol tónkerilis jasaghan kezde halyq әldeqashan әzir bolyp, boyauy sinip ketken edi.
Endeshe, sayasatshylar ghana emes sodyrlardaghy psiholog kýshter de diny motivpen óz iydeologiyasyn keninen jýrgizedi. Dindi qashan da synar jaqty etip týsindirip, sony siniretin bolsa qalghanynyng bәri jalghan bolyp kórinedi. Óitkeni, dindi sayaz biletin adamda diny týsinik solardyng iydeologisyna qaray qalyptasyp, qatayady. Ony olar ayat pen hadisterdi paydalana otyryp qalyptastyrady. Belgili bir uaqyttan keyin ol qalyptan ainuy óte qiyngha soghady. «Kelinning betin kim ashsa sol ystyq kórinedi». «Et pen teri jymdasyp, sýiek qatayghan song ota jasau qiyngha týsedi». «Qisyq aina tәrizdi. Dýniyening eng týzuin de qisyq kórsetedi». Al, islam týsiniginde olay emes. Mysaly, islamda qalyptasqan tórt mәzhab bar. Músylmandar sol mәzhab imamdarynyng bәrin ústaz sanaydy. Endeshe, IShIM uaghyzyn tyndaghan el arasyndaghy jastar arnayy lagerlerde sodyrlyqqa dayyndalyp jatqan bir jerde jinalghan toptar tәrizdi. Uaghyz arqyly sodyrlardy dayyndau әlde qayda jenil әri әlde qayda shyghynsyz bolady. Al, joy jaghynan kelsek lagerlerdi joy onay, al el arasynda sanasy ózgergenderdi týzeu asa qiyngha týsedi. Olar qazir kórinbegenimen, uaqyty kelgende jauynnan keyingi sanyrauqúlaqtay búrq ete qalady.
– Mamandar IShIM qúramyndaghy jastardyng kóbi tәkpirshiler ekenin algha tartady. Jalpy, tәkpir úghymynyng mәnin týsindirseniz...
– Tәkpir úghymynyng psihikalyq týbine ýnilsek óz tobynan, óz ýiirinen basqanyng bәrin jau sanau degen sóz. Árbir sanasynda tәkpirlik pikir qalyptasqan adam óz dengeyinde terrorist degen sóz. Eng azy sodyrlyq júqpaly dert júqtyrghan adam. Qazirgi Koreyadaghy «ebola» dertinen de jaman. Óitkeni onday dertterding әiteuir bir kýni emi tabylady. Bir em bәrine jaraydy. Al, tәkpirlik dertin júqtyrghandardyng bәrine bir em әser ete bermeydi. Jazylghanmen kýnderding bir kýni búghyp jatyp, qayta bas kótere saluy mýmkin. Óitkeni, onyng úghymynda ózderinen basqa barlyq jer betindegi músylmandar – kәpir men eki jýzdi múnapyq. Kýlli meshit pen imamdar sol kәpirlerding basshysy, Ábu Jәhilder bolyp sanalady.
IShIM iydeologiyasynyng negizinde tәkpirshilik úghym men senim jatyr. Olardyng iydeologiyasy tek sharighatqa ghana qarsy emes, kýlli adamy qasiyetterding bәrine jat nәrse. Olardyng taghylyqtary eng azghyn jyrtqyshtardan da asyp ketken. Al, islamdaghy sharighat adamy qasiyetterding bәrin qorghau ýshin, jer betine zúlymdyqty joyyp, әdildik pen beybitshilik ornatu ýshin Alladan berilgen.
– Arnayy uaqyt bólip, taghylymdy súhbat bergeninizge rahmet!
Gýlmira ShARHANQYZY
e-islam.kz
Týpnúsqadaghy taqyryp:
(Múhiddin isaúly: ishim terroristeri – sheyhsymaqtardyng jetegindegi sauatsyz tobyrlar)