N. I. VESELOVSKIY

Aqqan júldyz

N. I. VESELOVSKIY

Aqqan júldyz

Qyrghyz handarynyng úrpaghy jәne orys armiyasynyng ofiyseri Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov shyghystanu kóginen qúiryqty júldyzday aghyp ótti. Orys shyghystanushylary ony bir auyzdan erekshe qúbylys dep moyyndap, bolashaqta týrki halyqtarynyng taghdyry turaly úly jәne manyzdy janalyqtar ashady dep ýmittengen edi, biraq Shoqannyng mezgilsiz dýnie saluy bizdi búl ýmitten aiyryp otyr. Ol 30-gha da tolmastan ókpe auruynan qaytys boldy. Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Gasfort Uәlihanovtyng airyqsha qabiletti ekenin bayqap, onyng ghylymmen ainalysuyna barynsha jaghday jasady jәne ghylym әlemine tamasha nәtiyje әkelgen Qashghar saparyna baruyna jәrdemdesti. Uәlihanov Qashghardan oralghan kezde Gasfort sapardyng esebin retteuge ózi qatysyp, keyinnen Uәlihanovqa Peterborgha baryp keluine jaghday jasady. Qashghar sapary turaly jazbalar osy tamasha adamnyng negizgi aituly enbegin qúraydy; qalghan maqalalarynyng basym kópshiligi tolyq ayaqtalmaghan nemese kirispe kýiinde qalghan jәne búl maqalalardyng deni qoljazba emes, ózgelerding kóshirmesi retinde saqtalghan1*1. Qoljazbany kóshirushi óz tapsyrmasyn mýltiksiz oryndady deuge kelmeydi, Uәlihanovtyng jazuy óte týsiniksiz bolghandyqtan, qaytalap kóshirude bos qalghan jerler kóp nemese sózderding maghynasy búrmalanghan, al avtor nege ekeni belgisiz, týzetuler jasamaghan. Degenmen de, Uәlihanovtyng barlyq izdenisterining manyzy sonshalyq, Orys geografiyalyq zertteu qoghamy 1867 jyldyng 24 sәuiri kýngi mәjilisinde Sh. Sh. Uәlihanovtyng sonynda qalghan barlyq múralaryn basyp shygharudy úighardy. Búl sheshim sol kezde jýzege aspay, Uәlihanovtyng óndeluge tiyis biraz maqalalary әrkimning qolynda ketti. Mәselen, V. V. Grigorievting qaghazdarynyng arasynan, men Shoqannyng eki dәpterin taptym, bireui Edige turaly qyrghyz anyzy, ekinshisi - onyng yqshamdalghan oryssha audarmasy*2.

1887 jyly G. N. Potanin Uәlihanov shygharmalaryn basyp shygharu turaly mәseleni qayta kóterdi jәne dala general-gubernatory G. A. Kolpakovskiy baspagha qajetti qarjy jayyn qarastyrugha kelisim berdi*3. Biraq Kolpakovskiy kóp keshikpey Peterborgha qyzmetke auysyp, búl mәsele taghy toqtap qaldy. Sol kezde G. N. Potanin menen Uәlihanovtyng jaryq kóruge tiyis jinaghyna redaksiya jasauymdy jәne baspager tabuymdy ótindi. Óz júmysym qiyn bolsa da, búl isting jenil emestigine qaramastan, Shoqan Uәlihanov aruaghynyng rizalyghy ýshin jәne shyghystanugha ýles bolsyn dep bas tartpay, onyng jazbalaryn qarap shyghugha kelistim. Búl júmys men oilaghannan da kýrdeli bolyp shyqty. Ókinishke qaray, G. N. Potanin maghan týpnúsqamen salystyrylmaghan kóshirmeni beripti, al olardyng birazynyng týpnúsqasyn tabu mýmkin bolmady2.

Keyinnen, Potanin myrza arqyly Uәlihanovtyng bastapqy jazbalaryn aldym. Ony K. K. Gutkovskiyding qyzy K. K. Gutkovskayadan aldym.

Mening ótinishim boyynsha G. N. Potanin men N. M. Yadrinsev Shoqan Uәlihanov turaly estelik jazdy. Sonday-aq, mening qolyma onyng otandasy, Týrkistan ólkesinde qyzmet etken jәne 1891 jyly Resey konsuly qyzmetinde jýrip Djidda3 qalasynda  tyrysqaq auruynan dýnie salghan I. I. Ibragimovtyng esteligi týsti. Uәlihanovty jaqsy biletin S. Ya. Kapustin búl basylymnan bólek, ózinshe onyng tolyq ómirbayanyn jazyp shyqpaq oiy bolghan, biraq onda Uәlihanov turaly esh maghlúmat aitylmaghan, kirispe sózben ghana shektelipti*4.

Orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng kenesi, mening mәlimdememnen keyin Uәlihanovtyng shygharmalar jinaghyn basugha qajet qarajatty bóluge sheshim qabyldady, solaysha men baspa isine kiristim. Biraq meni óte qynjyltqan jaghday: Uәlihanovtyng negizgi júmysy «1858-59 jyldardaghy Altyshar nemese Qytay provinsiyasy Nan-Ludyng (Kishi Búhar) alty shyghystyq qalasynyng jaghdayy turaly» dep atalatyn maqalasynyng týpnúsqasyn ala almadym, búl maqala qoghamnyng «Jazbalarynda» úqypsyz redaksiyalanghan, óte kóp qate ketken. Tek maqalany teru kezinde men Uәlihanovtyng Syrtqy ister ministrligi múraghatynda saqtalghan esebimen tanysu mýmkindigine ie boldym. Esep kóshirmeshi qolymen jazylghan, key jerlerine Uәlihanov ózi týzetu engizgen.

Búl mәtinning osy tomdaghy barlyq kýmәndi tústaryn men bólek ornalastyrdym (398-403 bb.), qalghan qosymshalar ózgerissiz berildi.

Búl ghasyrdaghy Shyghys Týrkistan turaly bizding maghlúmattarymyz negizinen ol jaqqa baryp kelgen sibirlik kópester arqyly jinaldy. Osy saladaghy eng tamasha enbek bizding kazak korpusynda qyzmet etken qyrghyz súltany Uәlihanovtyng enbegi bolyp tabylady. 50-jyldardyng basynda ol Shyghys Týrkistangha saudager retinde baryp biraz qoljazba jinady. Ol Shyghys Týrkistan bolyp sanalatyn Jonghariya men Altyshardyng (Alty qala) sipattamasyn jasady. Búl enbek 1861 jyly jaryq kórgen «Geografiyalyq qogham jazbalarynda» jariyalanghan.

A. N. PYPIYN

Shoqan Shynghysúly

Uәlihanov turaly

Qyrghyz Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ómirbayany óte qyzyqty qúbylys - aziyalyq jәne europalyq qasiyetterding qosyndysy. Shyqqan tegi boyynsha Uәlihanov ózderin Shynghyshan túqymymyz dep esepteytin qyrghyz aristokratiyasyna jatatyn (ol 1830 jyldyng ekinshi jartysynda tughan)*1. Ol - qyrghyzdyng songhy hany Uәliyding nemeresi jәne Orta jýz qyrghyzdarynyng Reseyge qosyluy oryn alghan kezde biylik qúrghan Abylay hannyng shóberesi. Shoqan qyrghyz dalasynda, Qúsmúryn (Tobyl guberniyasy, Petropavldan ontýstik-batysqa qaray) mekeninde tughan. Músylmansha esimi - Múhammed-Hanafiya; Shoqan - erkeletken aty. Ol kezinde óz әkesi bilim alghan, qyrqynshy jyldary kazak әskery uchiliyshesinen kadet korpusy bolyp ózgertilgen Omby kadet korpusynda oqydy. Shoqan bir auyz oryssha bilmey korpusqa týsip, 1853 jyly ofiyser bolyp shyqty (óz qatarlastarynan bir jyl erte bitirdi, sebebi basqa últ ókili bolghandyqtan arnauly әskery ghylymdardy tyndaugha qúqy bolmady).

Ol sol kezdegi Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Gasfortqa adiutant bolyp taghayyndaldy. Shoqannyng damuyna eng aldymen onyng óz tabighy daryny sebep bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan Omby qoghamynyng biraz bilimdi adamdarynyng oghan ózge últ ókili retinde yqylasy әser etti. Gutkovskiyler, Kapustinder, marqúm S. Ya. Kapustin onyng eng jaqyn dostary boldy. Gutkovskiy gubernatordyng joldasy, Sibir qazaqtary oblysynyng mengerushisi bolghan kezde, Shoqanmen arasy jaqynday týsip, oghan qyrghyzdardy basqaru turaly jazba dayyndaudy tapsyrdy1.

Sol jyldary Batys Sibir ólkesin aralaghan P. P. Semenov Shoqangha qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, ony erekshe túlgha dep tanydy, onyng bilimdiligine jәne Týrkistan turaly әdebiyetterdi kóp oqyghanyna tanqaldy. Uәlihanov qazanamasynda aitylghanday (P. P. Semenovtyng mәlimetterine sýiene jazylghan), 1858 jyly (Shyghys Týrkistandaghy ýzilissiz tolqular men kóterilister sebebinen Batys Sibir basshylyghy) «Qashghar jaghdayy turaly jergilikti jerden nanymdy maghlúmattar alu ýshin jәne búl ózi әbden qoldan keletin, mýmkindiginshe jan-jaqty zerttep, bilip keletin, Ortalyq Aziyanyng osy bólikterindegi sauda joldaryn zertteu ýshin senimdi adamdy attandyru qajet boldy. Tapsyrma óte qauipti boldy, ony oryndaytyn adam batyl sheshimdi, kóregen, bayqaghysh, sonymen qosa tatar tili men shyghystyq salt-dәstýrdi bilui kerek boldy, sebebi aziyalyq kiyimmen jýru kerek edi». Búl sharttargha Uәlihanovtan artyq say keletin adam tabu qiyn edi. 1858 jyldyng mausymynda ol semeylik bay sart kópesting keruenimen erterekte Qashgharda ómir sýrip, keyinnen Reseyge qonys audarghan otbasynan shyqqan jas sart saudager retinde. Álim degen atpen attandy. Uәlihanov shashyn taqyrlap alghyzyp, aziyalyqsha kiyinip, Semeyden keruenmen shyqty. Keruen Qashghargha aman-sau jetti, al 1859 jyldyng kókteminde qazirgi Vernyy qalasyna oraldy. Qazanamadan: «Búl sayahat geografiyalyq erlik boldy. Marko Polo zamanynan beri osy qalada óltirilgen baqytsyz Adolif Shlagintveytty aitpaghanda, Qashghargha birde-bir europalyq kire alghan joq» - dep oqimyz. Shoqandy ózi atyn alghan Álimnin*2 tuystary qarsy alyp, oghan quanyp, onyng oralu qúrmetine toy jasalyp, súlu qalyndyq tauyp (jergilikti salt boyynsha qalada túrghan kezde) Shoqandy ýilendirdi.

Qashghar ólkesi búl kezende endi ghana tónkeristi bastan ótkergen bolatyn, ony jasaghan kóterilisshi Yakub bek2 edi, sondyqtan órtting jalyny әli basyla qoymaghan. Uәlihanov Qashghar alanynan adamnyng bas sýieginen túrghyzylghan piramidany kórdi, túrghyndar solardyng arasynda Shlagintveyttyng da basy bar desti. Qashghardaghy biylik basyndaghylar Álim atyn jamylghan orys ofiyseri jasyrynyp jýr degen habar aldy, biraq ol tym kesh jetti: keruen Reseyge oralyp ýlgergen edi. Qashghardan qughynshylar jiberilip, alayda olar keruendi quyp jete almady, ol orys shekarasynan ótip ketti.

Shamasy kadet korpusynyng tas qabyrghasyndaghy ómirden bastap Shoqannyng densaulyghyna ziyan kelgen bolar. Ony әr jaz sayyn tughan jerine jiberip túrghanymen, biraq búl saparlardan jinaghan kýsh-quat ol qys boyy joghaltqan densaulyghyn qalpyna keltire almady. Qashghar sapary ayaqtalghannan keyin ony Peterborgha shaqyrdy, biraq astananyng aua rayy men ómiri onyng densaulyghyn odan әri tómendetti: odan ókpe auruynyng belgisi tabylyp, dәrigerler kelesi jyly tughan dalasyna qaytugha kenes berdi. Búdan keyin ol qyrda ómir sýrdi (Kókshetau okruginde), qysta Ombygha baryp túrdy. General Chernyaev Tashkentke alghashqy ekspedisiya shygharghan kezde, Uәlihanov búl sapargha shaqyryldy, biraq әskery joryqtargha tózbey jәne general Chernyaevpen is jýrgizu barysynda kelispeushilikter tuyp Vernyigha oraldy. Onyng derti mendep (Qúlja ólkesimen shekaralas) qyrghyz auylynda 1864 jyly 31 jasynda dýnie saldy3.

Uәlihanovtyng baspa betinde jaryq kórgen jazbalary sanauly ghana, olar Geografiyalyq qoghamynyng basylymdarynda jariyalandy: «Jonghariya ocherkteri» («Jazbalar», 1861 j., I II kitap), «1858-59 jyldardaghy Altyshar nemese Qytay provinsiyasy Nan-Ludyng (Kishi Búhara) alty shyghystyq qalasynyng jaghdayy turaly» (sonda, III kitap), 1868 jylghy «Geografiyalyq qogham habarshysynda» (IV t. 2 bólim) Uәlihanovtyng Qashghargha sapary turaly habarlandyru basylghan*3.

Biraq Uәlihanov jinaghan maghlúmattardyng bәri basylghan joq. Onyng qoljazbalary iz-týssiz joghalyp ketti4. «Orta Aziya tarihy, etnografiyasy jәne geografiyasy jayly material jinau ýshin Uәlihanov eshnәrseden ayanbady, - delingen qazanamada, - óz halqynyng anyz, әngime, poema, qissa-dastandaryn múqiyat jazyp aldy, ómirine qauip tóngenine qaramastan, eski jәdigerlerdi satyp alyp, kóne qoljazbalardy jinady... Uәlihanov óz eline tereng adaldyghyn saqtady, ol qazaq ómirin sýidi, sonymen birge batys órkeniyetin baghalay aldy, óz halqynyng bolashaghyn tek Resey qanatynyng astynan kórdi». Uәlihanovty jaqsy biletin adamdar onyng aqyl-oyynyng kelistigi jәne baghyt-baghdary jaghynan orys batysshyly bolghandyghyn aitady: Ol Reseydi shyn jaqsy kórdi, onyng kemshilikterin kóre bildi, jaqsy adamdarmen birge onyng janaruyn shyn jýrekten tiledi. Shoqan alpysynshy jyldardaghy qozghalysqa qyzyghushylyq tanytty. Diny túrghydan alghanda ol erkin oishyl boldy, biraq óz halqymen baylanysyn ýzbes ýshin músylman bolyp qaldy.

P. I. NEBOLSIYN

[Sh. UÁLIHANOV PETERBORDA]

Kóp úlysty Peterborda, bizde jariyalanghan diniy-senim bostandyghynyng kórinisindey basqa senimdegi birneshe shirkeu oryn tepken Nevskiy danghyly bar, Peterborda bizde qyrghyzdar siyrek; múnda olar bar-joghy bes adam ghana bolar. Olar jalpy europalyq әskery kiyim kiyip jýredi jәne bireuinen basqasynyng nazar audaratynday eshbir ereksheligi joq. Búl bireu - әli óte jas atty әsker ofiyseri, shamasy, sheni boyynsha shtabs-kapitan, Áulie Vladimir ordenining iyegeri, shyghu tegi boyynsha súltan, aty Shoqan, әkesining aty Shynghys, familiyasy Uәlihanov (atasy han Uәli, tegi - súltan). Uәlihanov Sibir qazaqtaryna jatady, ol Qashghargha sayahat jasap, osy qysta Geografiyalyq qoghamnyng bir mәjilisinde jeke erudisiya men shynayy izgilikterge toly bayandama jasady.

I. V. MUShKETOV

[Shoqan Uәlihanov jәne onyng geologiyalyq kolleksiyasy]*1

1858 jәne 1859 jyldary Shoqan Uәlihanov kópes retinde sauda keruenine erip alghash ret Vernyy qalasy men Ystyqkólden Zәuki asuy arqyly Tyani-Shaninyng barlyq jotalaryn kesip ótip, Shatyrkól kólinen asyp Qashghargha bardy.

Uәlihanov myrza óz sayahatynyng barlyq nәtiyjelerin jariyalap ýlgermedi; ol tek manyzdy ghylymy mәni bar, avtordyng siyrek kezdesetin bayqampazdyghy men mol bilimin tanytatyn birneshe maqalalaryn jaryqqa shyghardy; shyqqan tegi jaghynan - qyrghyz, ol jergilikti halyqtardyng tilin jaqsy bildi, sondyqtan jergilikti halyqtardan әrtýrli jәne tolyq maghlúmattardy odan artyq eshkim jinay almaytyn edi, egerde ol Qashghardan qaytyp kelgen song kóp úzamay qaytys bolmaghanda onyng enbekterining nәtiyjeleri tipti jemisti bolar edi. Onyng birneshe maqalalary bar, eng songhysyn ol qaytys bolghannan keyin 10 jylday uaqyt ótken song P. P. Semenov jariyalady2. Olardyng alghashqylary geografiya salasynda emes, tarih jayly, sondyqtan manyzdy bolghanymen de biz olargha toqtalmaymyz, tek atap óterligi, Zәuki nemese Jәuki arqyly Tyani-Shani asularynan kóldenennen kesip ótip, Semenov jolyn jalghastyra kele, ol «jolda kezdesken tau jynystarynyng kolleksiyasyn jasap, sonday-aq Yarkent manyndaghy Mirdjay taularynda jәne Qaraqas ózeninde alynatyn nefrit bólikterinin, bolorlyq yashmanyn, mәrmardy, hrustaldy, Keriya ózenining qúmdy altynyn jinady». Ókinishke qaray, búl siyrek kezdesetin kolleksiya saraptalmay jatyp joghalyp ketti3, qalay bolsa da, men qansha izdesem de, ony tappadym.

Altyshardy sipattaghanda Uәlihanov myrza әrtýrli miyneraldy zattardyng bar ekenin qysqasha aityp ótedi, olar az zerttelgenimen, Keriya auylynda altynnyng kóp mólsherde juylyp alynatyny sonshalyq, túrghyndar salyqty (Qytaygha) osy metalmen tólep, ony jeke adamdargha sata alady. Hotannan saraygha jyl sayyn 80 langha deyin altyn jóneltiledi. Biraq altynnyng kóp mólsheri lazuriyt, feruza, laghylmen birge Pamiyr, Qarategin jәne Bolorda óndiriledi.

P. P. SEMENOV TYaN-ShANSKIY

A. A. DOSTOEVSKIY

[Sh. Sh. Uәlihanovtyng Qashghargha jasaghan sayahatynyng manyzy jayly]

Tyani-Shaninnyng bizge tayau ornalasqan bólikterin zertteuge jol ashyldy.

1858 jyldyng ózinde orys ofiyseri Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov ózining últtyq qyrghyz kiyimimen sauda keruenine erip, Zәuki asuy arqyly Tashkentke*1 ótip, ol jaqtan kóptegen qyzyqty ghylymy etnografiyalyq jәne statistikalyq maghlúmattar jinap keldi. Peterborgha kelgen song P. P. Semenovtyng jetekshiligimen olardy óndeuge kirisken edi, biraq syrqat jәne mezgilsiz ajal onyng qyzyqty ghylymy júmystaryn toqtatyp tastady.

Orta jýz súltandarynyng birining úly Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov Shynghys әuletinen taraytyn ataqty Abylay hannyng úly Uәly hannyng nemeresi edi. Ol Omby kadet korpusynda tәrbiyelendi jәne ofiyser bolghannan song erekshe darynymen P. P. Semenovtyng nazaryn audardy. Olar 1856-1857 jyly Sibirde tanysty. P. P. Semenov general-gubernator G. H. Gasfortqa Qashghargha óz últtyq qyrghyz kiyimimen sapar shegip, erekshe daryny arqasynda Resey ýshin óte qajet Qashghar ghana emes, tútas Altyshar turaly mәlimetterdi jinap, orys shekaralaryn mazasyzdandyrghan Shyghys Týrkistanda bolyp jatqan tónkeristing sebebin týsindire alatyn jalghyz sauatty ofiyser Sh. Sh. Uәlihanov ekeni jayly kenes berdi. Múnday qajetti mәlimetterding baghdarlamasyn P. P. Semenovpen birge qyrghyz dalasyn jetik biletin polkovnik K. K. Gutkovskiy qúrdy. Sibir әskery okrugynyng qolbasshysy G. H. Gasfort Shoqan Uәlihanovty sәti týsken kezde Qashghargha jolsapargha attandyryp, ol (keruenbasynyng tuysy retinde) Zәuki asuy arqyly 1858 jyly kópes keruenine ilesip, aman-esen jetti.

Ol jerde Shoqan Uәlihanov jalpy Altyshar turaly asa qúndy mәlimetterdi jinap ýlgerdi jәne alghash ret Ad. Shlagintveyttyng qazasynyng sebepteri men qúpiyasyn asha aldy. Shlagintveyt Qashghargha kelgen kezinde, soryna qaray, Shyghys Týrkistannyng qojayyny bolyp halyq kóterilisin úiymdastyrghan, qanysher qoja Uәlihan tóre taqqa otyrady. Qytay әskerlerining qysymynda qalghan qashgharlyqtar ferengting (sheteldik) kelgenine quanyp, ol (Shlagintveyt) qorghanysqa kenes bere alady dep oilap ony Uәlihan qojagha әkeledi. Árdayym ashuly jәne qan tókpey otyra almaytyn ol sol sәtte ókinishke oray, apiyn iship elirip otyrady. Qoja Shlagintveytten qújattaryn kórsetudi talap etedi, ol qújattaryn tek Qoqan hanyna kórsete alatynyn jәne olar Bombeyden soghan arnalghanyn aitqanda, yza bolghan qoja ashugha bulyghyp, jatjerlikti birden ólim jazasyna búiyrady. Jaza qalanyng shetinde oryndalady, Shlagintveytti jendetter meshit ornalasqan jana alang arqyly alyp ótedi. Oqigha kuәgerleri, Shoqan Uәlihanov jergilikti dәstýr boyynsha әieldikke alghan Qashghar qyzy da sheteldikting boyy úzyn, jergilikti kiyim kiygen, biraq jalanbas, shashy úzyn bolghanyn aitady. Ad. Shlagintveytting shabylghan basy Uәlihan tórening búiryghymen jazalanghandardyng bas sýieginen ornatylghan piramidanyng eng tóbesine qoyylghan. Búl oqigha 1857 jyldyng tamyz aiynda bolghan. Arada kóp uaqyt ótpey jergilikti halyq pen әsker Uәlihan qojanyng qanysher qylyqtaryn kótere almaytynyn týsinedi... Uәlihan tóre Qoqangha qashty, al qytaylyqtar kóterilis jasaghan halyqty qaytadan biylep-tóstep, kóp adamdy jazalap, qataldyq tanytty. Qashgharda 5 aiday bolghan Shoqan Uәlihanov 1859 jyly sәuirde qyzyqty mәlimettermen keri qaytyp, 1860 jyly Peterborgha keldi. Ol jerde Geografiyalyq qoghamnyng mýsheligine alynyp, P. P. Semenovtyng jetekshiligimen Qyrghyz dalasy turaly jinaghan mol geografiyalyq, etnografiyalyq jәne tarihy materialdaryn óndeuge kiristi. Búghan qosa Peterbor uniyversiytetinen dәris tyndau arqyly óz maghlúmattaryn tolyqtyrugha tyrysty. Fransuz jәne nemis tilderin mengergen Uәlihanov Ortalyq Aziyagha qatysty nәrsening bәrinde tamasha qabilettilik tanytty. Uәlihanovtyng «Jonghariya ocherkteri», «Altyshardyng jaghdayy» atty tamasha maqalalary 1861 j. jaryq kórgen «Imperatorlyq orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng jazbalary» jinaghynda jariyalandy. Ókinishke oray, Uәlihanovtyng әlsiz densaulyghy Peterbor aua rayyn kótermedi; 1863*2 jyly ol eline qaytyp keluge mәjbýr boldy, 1865 jyly ókpe dertinen dýnie saldy. Onyng Qashghar saparynyng songhy betterin 1868 jyly Qoghamnyng «Izvestiyasynda» baron F. R. Osten-Saken basyp shyghardy.

Shoqan Uәlihanov, kóp tomdy shygharmalar jinaghy. 1-tom