"Doktorlyq, kandidattyq, magistrlik dissertasiyalar jazyp beremin. Sapaly jazyluyna, kelisim-shart boyynsha barlyq talaptargha say jasaluyna zandyq kepildik beriledi". Osynday habarlandyrulardy Astananyng talay ayaldamalarynan kezdestiruge bolady. Alghash kórgende kózimiz sharasynan shygha jazdap tandanghanbyz. Keyin kóz ýirendi me, etimiz óldi me, oghan tipti mәn bermeytin bolyppyz. Negizi búghan nemqúraydy qaramauymyz kerek edi. Ghylymdy saudagha salugha qalay tózuge bolady?!

Qúzyrly ministrlikting resmy mәlimetine jýginsek, tәuel­sizdik jyldarynda ghylymy dәrejesi bar 17 000 oqymystygha "iynemen qúdyq qazdyryp", arnayy diplom úsynghan ekenbiz. San jaghynan birshama. Alayda, songhy bir jyldyng deregine qaraghanda, ghylymy kenesterde qorghalghan 2 666 dissertasiyanyng 199-y jaramsyz dep tanylypty. Osyny oy sarabyna salghan shyghar, osydan birer jyl búryn Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi ghy­lymdaghy kelensizdikterdi jon maqsatymen, "Antiplagiat" atty maydan ashyp biraz shulatyp edi. Keyin әdettegi kóp nauqannyng birine ainaldy da, ayaghy siyrqúmyshyqtanyp ketti. Qazir tipti ýnsiz qaluy - jana zannyng jobasy Parlamentke týskendikten sony kýtuge bel baylaghandyqtan shyghar. Jalpy biz saldarmen kýresuge beyim túramyz. Negizi  sebepting qyr-syryna bir sәt nege ýnilip kórmeske.

"Doktorlyq, kandidattyq, magistrlik dissertasiyalar jazyp beremin. Sapaly jazyluyna, kelisim-shart boyynsha barlyq talaptargha say jasaluyna zandyq kepildik beriledi". Osynday habarlandyrulardy Astananyng talay ayaldamalarynan kezdestiruge bolady. Alghash kórgende kózimiz sharasynan shygha jazdap tandanghanbyz. Keyin kóz ýirendi me, etimiz óldi me, oghan tipti mәn bermeytin bolyppyz. Negizi búghan nemqúraydy qaramauymyz kerek edi. Ghylymdy saudagha salugha qalay tózuge bolady?!

Qúzyrly ministrlikting resmy mәlimetine jýginsek, tәuel­sizdik jyldarynda ghylymy dәrejesi bar 17 000 oqymystygha "iynemen qúdyq qazdyryp", arnayy diplom úsynghan ekenbiz. San jaghynan birshama. Alayda, songhy bir jyldyng deregine qaraghanda, ghylymy kenesterde qorghalghan 2 666 dissertasiyanyng 199-y jaramsyz dep tanylypty. Osyny oy sarabyna salghan shyghar, osydan birer jyl búryn Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi ghy­lymdaghy kelensizdikterdi jon maqsatymen, "Antiplagiat" atty maydan ashyp biraz shulatyp edi. Keyin әdettegi kóp nauqannyng birine ainaldy da, ayaghy siyrqúmyshyqtanyp ketti. Qazir tipti ýnsiz qaluy - jana zannyng jobasy Parlamentke týskendikten sony kýtuge bel baylaghandyqtan shyghar. Jalpy biz saldarmen kýresuge beyim túramyz. Negizi  sebepting qyr-syryna bir sәt nege ýnilip kórmeske.

Býgingi tanda ghylym óz tarihynda bolmaghan iri jetistikke jetkendigin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Búdan da biyik shyn­dardy baghyndyratyny taghy shýbәsiz shyndyq. Alayda, ghylymda sheshilmegen júmbaq syrlar men jan jetpegen biyik asular әli de shash-etekten. Osynyng ózi keyde ghylymdy qoljaulyq etuge sebep bolatyn jayy bar. Týsindiruge mýlde kelmeytin jaylar ghylymda barshylyq. Sebebi, ol obiektivti nysandy ghana jan-jaqty zert­temek. Aytalyq, morali, etika nemese adamnyng tuuy men óluin prosess retinde qarastyrghany bolmasa onyng týpkilikti sipaty jayynda aituy mýmkin emes. Mәselening búl jaghyn qarastyru filosofiyanyn, dinnin, ónerdin, әdebiyetting enshisinde. Osy bir kýrdeli de qyzyqty shekteuding ózi ghylymdy qoljaulyq etushilerge "әdemi" syltau bolyp otyr.

Ghylymy zertteuding ózindik negizgi tәsilderi bar, toptastyru, toqaylastyru, boljau, esepteu, eksperiyment, modeli jasau, qisyndamalyq tújyrym, t.s.s. Biraq, oghan taghy naqty shek qoya almaysyn, mysaly, myna jerden ana túsqa deyin ghylym, qalghany ghylym emes degendey. Sóite túra ekeuining aiyrmashylyghy jer men kóktey. Týrleri kóp, zertteu tәsilderi san qily, naqty bel­gilengen shekara men shekteuding joqtyghy jalghan ghalym­symaq­tar­dyn, pysyqaylardyng ghylymdy qoljaulyq etulerine esik ashyp beredi.

Elimizge qazirgi zaman ghylymy HH ghasyrda engen sәtte mar­ksiys­tik  iydeologiya qosarlanyp birge, bite qaynady. Marksizm ghylym­dy, sonyng ishinde gumanitarlyq salany "ashsa alaqanynda, júmsa júdyryghynda" ústady. Tipti genetika, kiybernetika sekildi irgeli ghylymdardyng ózin iydeo­logiyalandyryp, degenine kónbese joqqa shygharyp, tipti odan zoryna da bardy. Osylaysha, marksizm ózin kýni keshege deyin ghylymnyng kesheni sanady. Karl Popperding ólshemi boyynsha ghylym synaqtan ótip, moyyn­dalady nemese joqqa shyghary­lady, qalyptasqan jagh­daygha sәikestirilmeydi, mehaniy­kalyq tәsilmen jóndelmeydi, t.s.s.

Marksizm sol tústa biyleushi toptyng qolshoqpary bolyp  tabylghandyqtan ghylymdy óz maqsatyna jaratyp kelgeni býginde tariyhqa ainalyp barady. Eng aldymen tariyh, filosofiya, sosiologiya, ekonomika, әdebiyet­tanu ghylymy tolyqtay, pedago­gika, til bilimi, psihologiya jar­tylay iydeologiyanyng qúrsauynda túnshyghuy kezinde atalmysh salalardyng ghylymy mәnin joyyp, shyndyqtyng auylynan tym alystatyp jibergen bolatyn. Zertteu nysannyng mazmúny, әdistemesi, tújyrymy aldyn ala payda bolyp qoyady, zertteushiler jogharydan belgilep bergen dayar jauapty ghana eshbir mәn-maghynasyz proseske sәikestirip týsindiredi. Osy sebepten de atalmysh salalardyng shynayy ghylymy mazmúny kenestik dәuir túsynda birshama búrmalandy deuge bo­lady. Býginge deyin ekonomister elding ekonomikalyq ómirinde kórinis tauyp jatqan proble­malardy zerttep, sebep-saldaryn ashudyng ornyna onyng aldyna kese-kóldeneng túryp alyp, nening qalay boluy jayynda qúrghaq uaghyz aityp keldi. Tiltanushylar adamdardyng ózara tildik qarym-qatynasy qalay damyp otyr­ghanyn zertteudi ysyryp qoyyp, ne isteu kerektigin aldyn ala eskertip sәuegeysidi. Tarihshy­lardyng jayy belgili, jogharydan núsqap berilgen dayar reseptini kóne zamanda úmyt bolghan ýr­diske sәi­­­kestirip tyqpalaumen tityq­tady.

Marksizm kýiregen song da shekemizding qyzghany shamaly. Gumanitarlyq ghylym salasynda neshe týrli kýlkili jayttar oryn aldy. Ghalymdardyng búryn ústanyp kelgen qaghidasynan shúghyl týrde ainyghandyghyna nemese mýlde oghan qayshy әreketke barghandyghyna zaman solay boldy dep týsinis­tikpen qaraugha bolar edi. Eng soraqysy, ghylymy izdenushining ashqan janalyghynan góri onyng jeke basynyng qasiyeti, qarym-qatynasy, qanshalyqty "jón-josyqty" biletindigi aldynghy oryngha shygha jazdaghany. Jazghan dissertasiya men ashqan janalyghy keybir ghylymy kenesterdi asa qyzyqtyrmaytyn da siyaqty. Esesine disskenesting tóraghasy men ghalym hatshysyna sening jomarttyghyng qanshalyqty kórinis tabady. Bәri soghan kelip tireletin halge jetken. Tól mamandyghyng mal dәrigeri me, zootehnik pe, agronom ba bәribir. Tóragha qalasa boldy, әdebiyetten, sayasattanudan doktorlyq qorghay beresin. Eng bastysy, aqsha ayama, ghylym jolynda shash, alsa qolyna ber, almasa jolyna tasta! Búl jerde sening uniyversiytet dәris­hanasynda әdebiyet nemese sayasattanu pәninen sabaq berip kórmegeninen, bazalyq bilimining gumanitarlyq salagha janaspaytyndyghynan góri jón biletindiging aldynghy oryngha shyghady. Meyli delik. Adam balasynda ghylymnan tys qa­jettilik bolatyn da shyghar. Sol qajettilik iydeologiyanyng shyr­mauynan bosaghan song betimen ketip, aqiqat pen jalghan miday aralasyp jýre bere me? Jazghan dissertasiyasyn ózge túrmaq ózi de týsinbeytinderge ghylym doktorynyng diplomyn bergennen ol aqyldy bola qala ma?!

Ghylymnyng da ózindik tarihy men hikayasy bar. Tiridey órtelgen Bruno, azaptalghan Galiyley, aqy­rynda jyndyhanadan bir-aq shyqqan Lobachevskiydi mysalgha ala otyryp, keybir ghalymdar bizge týsiniksiz, ózine ghana mәlim syr­laryn aqtap alghylary keledi. Úly ghalymdardy ainalasynyng der ke­zinde týsinbeui, nadandyqtyng sal­darynan olargha óz ortalarynan oryn bermeui - ótken tarihtyng enshisindegi dýnie әri sonysymen de ol býginde anyzgha ainalyp otyr. Al qazirgi aqparattyng tasqyny dәuirlep túrghan elektrondyq ghasyrda adam týsinbeytin әngime aitu danyshpandyqtyng belgisi bolmasa kerek. Gogolidyng "Reviy­zorynda" aitqanday, "Eskendir Zúlqarnaydyng erjýrek qolbasshy bolghany shyndyq. Biraq, sol ýshin oryndyq syndyrudyng ne qajeti bar?".

Biz qalasaq ta, qalamasaq ta barshagha moyyndalghan býkil әlemning óz enbek bólisi bar. Aytalyq, irgeli zertteuler óte kóp aqsha, qarajat, tehnologiya, tehnika, tәjiriybe men mashyqtanudy, biliktilikti, kýsh - jigerdi, enbekti talap etedi. Sóite túra ekonomikalyq tiyimdiligi men paydasyn tym kesh beredi. Osyghan baylanysty irgeli ghylymgha aqsha bólmey, paydanyng sonyna týsip otyr dep joghary damyghan órke­niyetti elder Japoniyany jatyp kelip sógetinderi bar. Jalpy, kóp­tegen elderding tútynu baghytyndaghy ghylymdargha erekshe nazar audara­tyndyghy kezdeysoqtyq emes. Kompiuterlendiru salasyna biz asa kóp qarjy shashpasaq ta, ony qoldan jasaymyz dep ter tókpesek te myqty tútynushynyng dengeyine jetip aldyq. Ekonomikada diyver­gensiya degen úghym baryn bilemiz. Sol túrghydan kelgende, janadan payda bolyp jatqan tehnolo­giyalardyng standarttaryn týsi­netin, oghan tez auysa alatyn, paydaly tústaryn ózindik etip beyimdep ala qoyatyn qasiyet óte qajet. Qazirgi tanda әlemde biotehnologiya óndirisining 80 payyzy AQSh-qa, 10 payyzy Ja­poniyagha, taghy on payyzy Europa elderine tiyesili kórinedi. Olay bolsa, ghylymdaghy ozyq jetistik­terding bәri derlik aldymen joghary damyghan elderge tiyesili ekendigi, al, qalghanymyzgha myqty tútynushy, elgezek payda­lanushy bolu peshenemizge jazyl­ghanyn ókinish­pen moyyndamasqa lajymyz joq.

Ghylymdaghy mesheulikti maman­dar kóbinese tehnika, tehnolo­giyanyng jetkiliksizdigimen týsin­dirip jatady. Shyn mәninde, mýlde olay emes. Mysaly, hay-tek degen ozyq tehnika-tehnologiyanyng bol­ghany jaqsy. Al, onymen júmys isteytin óte myqty dayarlanghan maman bolmasa she? Onda janaghy qymbat mashinanyz týkke kereksiz qoqysqa ainalyp shygha keledi. Nauqasqa auruynyng sebep-saldaryn ashyp, diagnozyn dәl qoyyp beretin apparatty tolyq mengergen, onyng tilin jetik biletin maman bolghanda ghana ol paydaly. Maman shala sauatty nemese biliksiz bolsa sau adamdy nauqasqa ainaldyryp jibermesine kim kepil. Sondyqtan, mesheulik tehnikada nemese tehnologiyada emes, adamda bolyp túr. Ghylymdy býldiretin de, onyng bedelin týsiretin de sol bayaghy jazghan dissertasiyasyn ózi de týsinbeytin әues­qoylar bolyp otyr. Qazirgi tanda ghylymnyng salasy san qily әri myndap sanalatyn jaghdaygha jetti. Sondyqtan belgili bir janalyq ashudyng ózi jýzdegen ghalymd­ar­dyng yntymaqtasuymen, újym­dasuymen ómirge keletin ahual qalyptasty. Olay bolsa, endigi jerde Arhiymedke úqsap sugha shomylyp jatyp ayaq astynan "Evrika!" dep aighaydy salyp jýgiruge sebep tabyla qoymaydy. Lomonosov sekildi basty on ghylymnyng salasy boyynsha shúghyldanyp, birneshe janalyq ashatyn әmbebaptyqqa da mým­kindik joq. Qysqasy, әuesqoy ghalymdar ýshin kirip ketuge ynghayly iynening kózindey tesik qalmady. Qazirgi ghylym qyruar aqsha, qarajat, tehnologiyalyq progresti, kýrdeli әdistemeni, joghary biliktilikti talap ete­tindigimen erekshelenedi.

Fizika, matematika nemese himiya salasyna qoyyp ketuge әuesqoylardyng jýrekteri daualay qoymaydy. Sondyqtan, gumaniy­tarlyq salany qolayly kóretin sekildi. Alayda, qoghamdyq ómirding kýrdeli tústary, asa kóp qyrlary ýnemi ózgeris ýstindegi qúbylystar da onaylyqpen shaghyla qoyatyn janghaq emes. IYә, gumanitarlyq salanyng óz zertteu nysany, pәni, әdistemesi, qisyndamasy bar ghylym ekendigin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Onyng naqty ghylymnan da auyr qiyndyqtary jeterlik. Alayda, әuesqoylar ony sezine de, kóre de almaydy. Olar tek ghylymy ataq aludy ghana maqsat tútady. Sol maqsatqa jetu ýshin esh nәrseden tayynbaytyny taghy belgili. Mine, ghylymdy túralatyp bara jatqan da osy.

Bir qyzyghy, sol qaptaghan ghylym kandidattary men dok­torlary qajet jerine jetpey qalatyn tústar bar. JOO-gha ghylymy dәrejesi bar­lardyng bәri kele bermeydi. Olar­gha jayly, jalaqysy qomaqty oryntaq kerek. Osy arada Pre­ziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng bir resmy jiynda lauazymdy túl­ghalar men әkimderding ayaq astynan ghylym doktorlary men kan­didattary bolyp shygha kele­tindigine qatty tandanghany eriksiz eske týsedi. Rasynda, memlekettik qyzmetting auyr jýgin arqalap jýrgender qashan, qalay "iynemen qúdyq qaza" qoydy eken?! Ghylymdy qútqaru degenmen óz basym tolyqtay kelisemin. Ásirese, eng aldymen ghylymdy joghary shendi sheneu­nikterden, әkimderden qorghaudyng qajettiligi Qazaqstan ýshin býginde asa manyzdy bolyp túrghanday seziledi.

Mening osy salada taghy bir týsinbeytin nәrsem bar. Ghylymy izdenushiler ózderi jazghan maqa­lalaryn ministrlik bekitken ghy­lymy jurnaldar men habarshy­largha bastyru ýshin aqsha tóleydi. Onyng baghasy da әrtýrli. Bir jurnal eki-ýsh myng súrasa, kelesi biri alty-jeti myng tenge әkel deydi. Oghan eshkim eshqanday uәj aitpaydy, tóley salady. Jaray­dy, tóleyik. Biraq, ol aqshanyng qayda, ne ýshin júmsalatyny týsiniksiz. Ghylymy basylym­dar­dyng barlyghyn Ýkimet qarjy­landyryp otyr. Men birneshe sheteldik ghylymy jurnaldarda maqalalarymdy jariya­latqan­myn. Biraq, olardyng eshqaysysy aqsha súraghan joq. Sonda qalay? Álgi sheneunikter aqsha tólese, maqa­lalary jaryq kóre beredi, al aqshasy az bireuding ghy­lym­daghy ja­nalyghy qansha manyzdy bolgha­nymen oghan ghylymy jur­naldan oryn tiymeydi. Osy arada biz ghylymdy qayda apara jatyrmyz degen súraq eriksiz tuyndaydy.

Qoghamdyq formasiya alma­syp, tәuelsizdik alghanymyzgha jiyrmaday jyldyng jýzi boldy. Bilim-ghylym salasy reformadan kóz ashpady. Ba­tystyng ýlgilerin qa­byldap kórdik, ony qazaqylan­dyryp qúrtyp tyndyq. Sóite túra әmbebap adam dayarlaytyn mar­k­sistik jýieden aryla almay-aq qoydyq. Jana qoghamda eski tәsilmen jýre almay jatyrmyz. Diplom bolsa tamaq tabylady degen úghymnan qútylmaghan qogham endi jappay ghalym (kandidat, doktor, PhD) bolugha kóshti. Al, ónim jasaytyn, qyzmet kórsetetin kәsip iyesin ózimizden tappay, shet elden әkeletin jaghdaygha jettik. Ghylymdy mazaq etuden qysylmau qoghamdy jaylap barady. Osynyng bәrine bolmasa da birshama bóligine bilim beru jýiesi kinәli. Ghalym­symaqtardy plagiatqa aparatyn tetik eng aldymen arsyzdyq bolsa kerek. Al salalyq ministrlikting kezinde shulatyp qolgha "Antiplagiaty" kóshirilgen dissertasiyany ústap bergenimen, arsyz ghalymgha, qaltaly sheneu­nikke tosqauyl bola almaghandyqtan býginde ýni óship, bastalghan isi ayaqsyz qaldy.

Quandyq ShAMAHAYÚLY,

QR mәdeniyet qayratkeri,

halyqaralyq jurnalist.