Qoldan jasalghan qiyanatty bastan ótkergender turaly

Qoldan jasalghan qiyanatty bastan ótkergender turaly

Bala kýnimizde auyldyng irgesinde kóptegen mola bolushy edi, mola bolghanda bylay: ózenning arghy betinde Shәkirtam dep atalatyn auyl adamdaryn jerleytin arnayy qorym ornalasqan, al auyldyng manynda Shәkirtamnan bólek әr jerde keyde qorshalghan keyde qorshalmaghan belgisiz soldat beyitindey beyitter bar edi. Shynyn aitqanda, eshkim olargha mәn bermeytindey kórinetin (olay emestigin men eseye kele týsindim), әrkim ózining kýibeng tirligimen ainalysyp jatushy edi, onyng syrtynda "kommunizmge jetemiz dep" bozalatannan júmys sonyndaghy halyqtyng múrshasy da bola bermeytin.

"Búl ne qylghan qaptap ketken molalar? Shәkirtam qorymy bolsa tiyip túr, al mynalar nege shashyrap әr jerde ornalasqan?" dep tang qalushy edim. Bireulerden súraghanmen eshkim de túshymdy jauap bermedi. Keyin ornatylghan qyzyl júldyzdardy menzeydi me, Kenes Ýkimetin ornatqan kezdegi "komsomoldardyng molasy" deushi edi, odan ózge eshtene de aitylmaytyn. Mening sol molalardyng tarihyn bilmekke degen yntam sonda oyanghan.
Shynynda, búl - ashtyq kezinde sýiegi kómusiz qalghan qazaqtardyng ólgen jerleri eken. Keyin әiteuir orny belgili bolsa da, ashtyq qúrbandaryn bilmesin degen jogharynyng núsqauynan qoryqqan boluy kerek, "komsomoldardyng molasyna" ainaldyrylghan.
Al mening ashtyq turaly biletinim әkemnen estigenim ghana bolghandyqtan, sony bayandap bergim keledi.
Ákemning aty - Qorghan, onyng әkesining aty - Ámirhamza.
Endi osy jerden sәl sheginis jasaugha tura keledi.
Úly qazaq aghartushysy Ybyray Altynsarinnyng "Qypshaq Seyitqúl" degen әngimesin mektep qabyrghasynda oqymaghanymyz kemde-kem shyghar. Sol әngimening basty keyipkeri Seyitqúl turaly qaytalap jatudyng da qajeti joq.
Sol Seyitqúl atamyz Syr elinen Torghaydyng Qabyrgha degen ózenining boyynda egin salyp, 400 ýy taqyr kedeydi enbekting arqasynda adam qataryna qosady, әriyne onyng eline kóz alartushylar da bolghan. Kezinde jaularynan qorghanu ýshin Seyitqúl atamyz ýlken bekinis - qorghan saldyrghan eken.
Mening әkem sol Qorghan tamynda, Ayanbay kóninde, Jualy týbek degen jerde tughandyqtan oghan Qorghan esimi berilgen eken. Keyde men әzildep әkeme: "Qazaqstanda Taldyqorghan qalasy, Reseyde Qorghan oblysy men qalasy, al Tәjikstanda Qorghantóbe qalasynyng aty saghan berilgen" dep qoyamyn.
Ákem 1927 jyly búrynghy Qostanay oblysynyng Jangeldin audanynda tughan. Ózining aituynsha, ashtyqta kórmegeni joq eken. Ákem kózi qaraqty adam, kezinde zamannyng qiynshylyghynda, ashtyqta әkesinen aiyrylyp, 10 jyldyqty bitirip, keyin Mendigharagha oqugha týskenine qaramastan jalghyz sheshesine qaraylasyp oqy almaghan edi. Biraq ómir boyy auylda әrtýrli qyzmetter atqardy, Eng songhy qyzmet istegen jeri - sovhoz diyrektorynyng sharuashylyq jónindegi orynbasary edi. Biraq Kenes Ýkimetining kezinde Kommunistik partiyanyng qataryna ótu jazylmaghan zang siyaqty bolatyn, al әkem bolsa, partiya qatarynda joq edi, onyng sebebin ózinen súramadym. Biraq onyng jauabyn keyin bildim.
1928 jyly Qazaqstanda "kәmpeske" bastalady. Shamaly qolynda maly men quaty bar qazaqtyng bәri konfiskasiyagha úshyrauy tiyis edi. Biraz rulas aghayyndarymyz Qostanay asyp, Sibirding qara ormanyna qashyp ketti. Sonda bar jazyghy taqyr kedey emes eken.
Ahmet Baytúrsynov "Qu jaq" dep ataghan, kezinde Resey imperiyasynyng songhy patshasyn týp-túqiyanymen birge bәrin óltirgen belgili qanypezer Goloshekin Qazaqstangha kelgen song "Qazaq dalasynda eshqanday da Oktyabri revolusiyasy jýrmegen, sondyqtan "kishi Oktyabri" jasau qajet" deydi.
Sibir men ishki jaqqa ketken aghayyndar mol ketti, al elde qalghan qazaqtargha әrtýrli joq salyqtar oilap tabylyp, ony tóleu talap etilgen. Egin ekpeytin (bizding el shóleytti bolghandyqtan tary ghana egiletin edi) bizding elden biday salyghyn tóleudi súraydy, ómiri biday ekpegen el qolyndaghy malyn bidaygha auystyryp, Ýkimetting salyghyn tóleytin bolghan. Jana salyqtyng týrleri oilap tabylyp otyrghan (mysaly, mýiiz salyghy), al tólemesen, Itjekkenge aidaydy.
Býkil bir audan halqy bosyp basy aughan jaqqa ketedi, atam men onyng bauyrlary jazda Qabyrgha ózeninen balyq aulaydy, keyde dala kezip, tyshqan-zorman (zorman degen an) aulaydy. Atamnyng inisi aghasyna, bauyrlaryna kelip, birge tirshilikting qamyn jasaugha Torghaydan 90 shaqyrymdaghy auylyna jayau keledi. Sol aralyqta jol boyy ashtyqtan búratylyp qyrylyp jatqan halyq, atamyz qoltyghyna bir temir istikti qysyp alyp, aryp-ashyp bauyrlaryna jetken eken.
Ashtyqtyng zúlmaty Torghay elin erekshe qyrghyngha úshyratty. 1931-1932 jyldardyng alapat ashtyghy Torghay eline erekshe auyr tiydi. Qostanay oblysynyng basqa audandaryna qaraghanda Amangeldi, Torghay audandarynyng 75-80 payyz halqy sol zúlmat qyrghynynan opat boldy. Qazaqstandaghy stalindik-goloshekindik genosidting saldarynan Torghay halqynyng ashtyqqa úshyrauynyng mynaday da sebepteri boldy:
1. Torghay eli tek mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysyp, egin ekpedi, "asyra silteu bolmasyn, asha túyaq qalmasyn" degen úranmen, audan basshylarynan bastap auyl belsendileri halyqtyng qolyndaghy kýneltip otyrghan barlyq malyn sypyryp alyp, bir ortalyqqa jinady. Onyng syrtynda kýndelikti talghajau etip otyrghan, tary-talqanyna deyin eriksiz tartyp aldy.
2. Qazaq halqy atam zamannan beri kóship-qonyp mal baghumen kýneltkendikten, tek mal ónimderimen tamaqtanatyn. Qyzyldardyng sheneunikteri әueli qazaqtyng malyn alyp, endi ózderin zorlyq-zombylyqpen otyryqshylyqqa ainaldyramyn dep әrbir auylda poselkeler saldy. Malynan airylghan halyq, eshqanday kýnkórisi joq, tek zorlap salynghan ýiding tórt qabyrghasyna qaryp qaldy.
3. Torghay eli birynghay qazaqy el bolghandyqtan kókónis egudi bilmedi, kartop-kapusta salmady, tek maldyng sýtimen-etimen kýn kórdi.
4. Torghay eli temirjolgha alty jýz-jeti jýz qashyqtyqta bolghandyqtan qala manyna bara almady. Jayau-jalpy, ash-jalanash Qostanaygha jete almay kóbi jolda qaldy. Mine, Torghay halqyna eresen kóp shyghyndar әkelgen audan-auyl basshylarynyng adam aitqysyz qataldyghy men ozbyrlyghy sebep boldy.
Endi osy zúlmatty kózimen kórgen, kóptegen 1931-1932 jyldar ashtyq tragediyasyn basynan ótkizgen әke-sheshesinen, ondaghan, tipti jýzdegen tuystarynan airylghan, qazir jasy 83-ke kelgen Qorghan Ámirhamzaúly sol bir ashtyq jyldary jayly kózine jas ala otyryp, tartqan azabyn, kórgen qorlyghyn bylay dep әngimeleydi:
"Men ashtyq jyldary bes-alty jasar balamyn. Bizding әkelerimiz bes aghayyndy bolypty. Olardyng ýlkeni Qojayt, Smaghúl, Ámirhamza, Ámirәli, Sәdu. Odan basqa eki qyz boldy. Osylardan 31-32 jyldardyng ashtyghynan tiri qalghany Smaghúldan Seydaghaliy, al Ámirhamzadan men edim. Qojayt atamyz erterek ýilenip qonysy da órisi de bólekteu bolypty. 1932 jyldyng ashtyghynda bizding ata-qonysymyz Aqqúm degen jerde er jetip ýilengen Áubәkir-Ahmet degen eki balasymen ashtyqtyng qúrbany boldy. Al mening әkem Ámirhamza bolsa, ózinen kishi Ámirәli, Sәdu degen inilerimen birge qazirgi Kókalat auylynan 10-15 shaqyrym jerde, Qarabidayyq degen poselkede әkemning qayyndary Moldaghali, Batyrghaly degendermen, olardyng eki balasy әielderimen, biz bir ýide, menen ýlken apam Zaghila men ózim jәne eki sheshemiz, teteles inisi Ámirәli әielimen jәne eki balasymen, ýilenbegen Sәdu degen agham - barlyghy 16 adam bir jerde әkemning qaramaghynda bolypty. 1931-1932 jyldyng ashtyghy bizding elge 1930 jyldyng kýzinen bastap kire bastady. Olay deytin sebebim, qoldaghy barlyq maldy auyl belsendileri jinap alyp, tek bir jerge ghana baqtyrdy. Eshbir halyqtyng qolynda tyshqaq laq ta qalmady. Al әkemning aghasy Smaghúl degen kisi Qojayt atamyzben birge Aqqúmda qaldy. Keyinnen kóp qiynshylyqtardy kórip, jalghyz balasy Seydeghalidy 1932 jyldyng kýzinde, qazirgi biz otyrghan Kókalat degen jerge aman-sau jetkizdi.
1931-1932 jyldyng alapat ashtyghy bizge jәne bizding tuystarymyzgha qyrghiday tiydi. Ashtyqtan kórmegen azabymyz, tartpaghan mehnatymyz qalmady. Ákem zamanynda eti pysyq, aghayyngha qadirli, qoghamshyl adam bolatyn. Jogharyda aitqan ózining tuystary men qayyn júrttaryn asyrayyn dep talay ret abaqtygha jabylghan kezderi de boldy. Ol kezde ashtyqtan aman qalu ekining birining qolynan kele bermeytin. Jana ózim aityp ótkendey, Qarabidayyq poselkesinen qashyqtau bir shaqyrym jerge óte biyik etip samannan mal qora salyndy. Qoranyng janyna myltyqpen qarulanghan kýzetshiler túrdy. Ákem pysyqtau, ójet degen 4-5 jigitti janyna ertip, kolhozdyng kýndiz dalagha baghyp, týnde qoragha qamap auzyn qúlyppenen bekitetin biyik qorasynyng qúlpyn búzyp, mal alyp shyghyp, ony sol jerde bauyzdap, jiliktep bólip ýige әkeletin. Biz - balalar auzyn ashqan balapanday, "әkemiz qashan keledi?" dep týnimen úiyqtamay qarap otyratynbyz. Kýn kórisimiz qolgha tiygen úrlyqtyng eti ghana bolatyn. Biday-tary degendi bilmeytinbiz. Sheshelerimiz әkemizding әkelgen etin tang atqansha pisirip, kýn shyqqansha etting sýiegin Qabyrgha ózenine aghyzyp jiberetinbiz. Kelesi kýni auylsovet ortalyghy Kókalat degen jerden audannyng uәkili men auyl belsendileri kelip, әrbir ýidi tintip, qalghan-qútqan sýiekterdi tauyp alyp osy sezikti-au degen әkemning serikterin jayau aidap 15 shaqyrym jerdegi auylsovetting kensesine alyp kelip qamaytyn. Biz balalar, aidap bara jatqan әkemizding sonynan jýgirip, "әke-әke" dep әkemizge jýgiretinbiz. Aydap bara jatqan belsendiler bizderdi qamshymen bir-bir tartyp jibergende ghana keyin qashatynbyz.
"Jyghylghangha júdyryq" degendey, birynghay ashtyqtyng qasireti emes, bizding otbasymyzgha taghy bir jaghday tótennen kezdesti. Ákemning inisi Ámirәli aghamnyng әieli Aykýmis degen kisi eki balasyn tastap, auyldas dәuletbiyke ruynyng Myrzahmet degen kisisine túrmysqa shyghyp, qashyp ketti. Ámirәli aghamnyng shiyettey eki balasy, Qozghan - eki jasta, Rabigha - bir jasta, anasyz bizding qolymyzda qaldy. Kýnbe-kýn qyrghiday qyryp jatqan asharshylyq balalardy ayasyn ba, bir-eki aidan keyin ekeui de ashtan óldi. 1932 jyldyng ashtyghynan keyin de kóptegen zamandar ótti. Sol jengemiz tiygen kýieuinen bir ghana qyz tuyp, ol da keyinnen qaytyp, sol aghamyzdy tastap ketken kisi beri kele bala bolmay, aghasynyng qolynda qaytty. Ózinen bala bolmaghannan keyin, bir jaqyn qaynysynyng balasyn bauyryna salyp, kelini kýn kórsetpey "otyrsa opaq, túrsa sopaq" dep, sol marqúm jengemizding ómiri óksumen ótti. Men oilaymyn, eger dýniyede obal-sauap degen bar bolsa, bayaghy shyryldatyp tastap ketken eki balanyng obaly jibermedi-au dep.
1932 jyldyng zúlmat ashtyghyn tegis aita beruge adam balasynyng jýregi shydamaydy eken. Bala kýninde kórgening kýni býginge deyin mәngilik esinde qalady eken. Bizding elde Qabyrgha deytin ýlken ózen bolady. "Jút jeti aghayyndy" degen, augha ne qarmaqqa sol Qabyrghanyng balyghy da týspeydi. Ashtan ólmeu ýshin adam balasy ne istemeydi? Zorman-sarshúnaqtardyng etin jegen kýnderimiz de boldy.
Sonymen, 1932 jyldyng kýzine de jettik. Úmytpasam, sentyabri aiynyng ayaq kezi boluy kerek, búl kezde mening әkem singa degen aurumen auyryp ýide jatqan bolatyn. Qystaugha erterek kóship, Sartymaq degen jerde otyrghanbyz. Ákemdi auru dep estigen song sonau 80-90 shaqyrym jerdegi Aqqúmnan Smaghúl degen әkemning aghasy jayau kelipti. Smaghúl әkem kelgen bette, qoynyndaghy nanyn alyp, әkemning bas jaghyna qoydy. Ákemning tisterining barlyghy da qyzyl iyek bolyp isip ketip, tamaq ishe almay jatqan, janaghy nandy bizge birdey qylyp bólip berdi. Bir kezde әkem tósekten basyn kóterip, kózine jas alyp: "Au, Smaghúl-au, sonau Aqqúmnan qalay keldin, jolda zorman aulap jýrgen ashtardy kórmeding be, olar saghan tiymedi me?" - dep súrap jatyr. Smaghúl әkem zor, eki iyghyna eki kisi mingendey, baluan deneli, bir qaraghan adam súsynan da qorqatynday qaruly kisi edi. Bir kýlip alyp, әngimesin bastady: "Auyldan keshe tanerteng erte shyqtym, Qoymúratqa (jer aty) deyin eshbir jan kezdespedi. Qoymúrattyng qyrynan týse bergende zorman aulap jýrgen ýsh-tórt ash meni kóre sala, qaqpandaryn tastay sala maghan qaray jýgirdi. Týrlerin de attaryn da bilemin. Osy elding adamdary. Meni ayaytyn týri joq. Qoynymdaghy nanymdy tartyp alsa bir sәri, ózimdi de óltiretin týri bar. Anadaydan aiqaylap kele jatyr. "Ne tamaghyng bar? Ne tamaghyng bar?!" - dep kele sala maghan jarmasa bastady. Qoynyma tyghyp jýrgen qatqan qara soyylym bar, bastan úrsam óltirip alamyn-au dep, әueli kelgen bette, bireuin siraqtan perip jiberdim. Qalghan ekeui jaqyndap kelgende qúlashtap úryp, jerge qúlattym. Endi olardyng maghan qarsy túrarlyq shamasyn bilgendikten, jýrisimdi jyldamdatyp әrmen qaray ketip, Qoymúrattyng qyrynan týstim. Mine, mening kórgenim osy boldy, Ámirhamza", - dep Smaghúl әkem әngimesin bitirdi. Mine ol kezderding adamy, tuysqandyq meyirimderi, adamy qasiyetteri sonday bolatyn.
Múnday qiynshylyqtardy, qúday endi, adam balasynyng basyna bermesin. Elimiz aman, halqymyz tynysh bolsyn. Qúday senderge ghúmyr bersin, ósinder, órkendender", - dep әkem әngimesin ayaqtady.
1916 jyly qazaqtar Týrki әleminde týrikterden keyin ekinshi oryn alghan edi. Eger sol uaqytta, yaghny 1916 jyly Resey imperiyasynyng qúramyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 5 mln. 650 myng adamdy qúraghan bolsa, 1945 jyly bar bolghany 3 mln. 150 myng adamdy qúrady, yaghny 29 jyldyng ishinde qazaq halqy 45 payyzynan airyldy. Tabighy ósimning shyghynyn eskere otyryp, biz halqymyzdyng 65 payyzyn joghalttyq. Mine, osydan kelip, qazaqtar óz Otanynda azshylyqqa ainaldy. Oghan 1931-32 jyldardaghy ashtyqtyng tiygizgen zardaby jeterlik...

Amandyq Ámirhamziyn, Industriya jәne jana tehnologiyalar ministrligi, Aqparat basqarmasynyng as sarapshysy

"Týrkistan" gazeti