Kurchatov qalasyna Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng atyn beru kerek. Biyl Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng tughanyna - 150 jyl, 2017 jyly Alash Orda ýkimetining qúrylghanyna 100 jyl tolady.
Biz әli kýnge deyin Petropavl men Pavlodar qalalarynyng atyn ózgerte almay jaltaqtap jýrmiz. Osy qalalardyng tarihy atyn beru jóninde naqty bir sheshim joq. Al kezinde әskery synaq alanyndaghy jabyq ta, jasyryn qala bolghan Kurchatovtyng alghashqy atauy "Moskva 400", "Jaghalau", "Semey 21" dep te ataldy. Al qalagha KSRO-ny yadrolyq qarugha ie qylghan, elimizde eng alghash atom bombasy men sutegi atom bombasyn synaghan ghalym IY.V.Kurchatovtyng aty berilgen.
Kurchatov qalasy Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna qarasty qala. Semeyding soltýstik-batysynda, 130 km qashyqtyqta ornalasqan. Ol jer búryn kartada «Konechnaya» stansiyasy nemesi «Moldary» selosy dep kórsetilgen. Yadrolyq zertteu poligonyn qúru turaly sheshim KSRO Ministrler Kenesining jәne KOKP Ortalyq Komiytetimen 1947 jyly 21 tamyzda qabyldandy. Poligon synaqtaryna dayyndyq júmystary 1949 jylghy shilde aiynda ayaqtaldy. Sol jyldyng 29 tamyz aiynda KSRO-da alghash yadrolyq qúrylghynyng synaghy ótkizildi. Synaqqa tikeley ghylymy jetekshilikti IY.V.Kurchatov atqardy. 1953 jylghy 12 tamyzda poligonda alghash termoyadrolyq qúrylghy, 1955 jyly 22 qarashada – sutegi bombasy synaldy.
Qazirde Qazaqstannyng Últtyq yadrolyq ortalyghy ornalasqan qalada jana tehnologiyalar parki bolady degen de joba bar. Kurchatov qalasynyng qúramyna Kurchatov qalasynyng ózi, Degeleng beketi jәne Moldary selosy kiredi. Qazirgi tanda qalanyng negizgi jýie qúraushy kәsiporyny QR Últtyq yadrolyq ortalyghy. Qaladaghy ghylymiy-tehnikalyq potensiyaldy saqtap, jana tehnologiyalardy paydalanu maqsatynda QR-AQSh birikken «SEMTEH» kәsiporyny qúryldy. «KK Interkonnekt» atty elektrondy qúrylghylar men pechatti platalardy óndiru bolyp tabylatyn kәsiporny júmys jasaydy. Geologiyalyq barlau júmystarymen qazaqstan-amerikandyq «FML Kazahstan» kәsiporny ainalysady. Búrynghy synaq aumaghynda bolashaghy zor qazba baylyqtarynyng mol qory bar. Altyn men mys, sonymen qatar ruda emes shiykizattary da bayqalghan. Qala aumaghynda «gabbro» tabighy tasyn qazu jәne óndeu júmystarymen «Degelen» kәsiporny ainalysady.
ShQO búrynghy әkimi B.Saparbaev kezinde Kurchatov qalasynyng aumaghynda Abyraly audanyn qúru turaly bastama kóterilgen bolatyn. Ýkimetke osynday úsynystarmen shyqqan oblys basshysy Kurchatovtaghy Últtyq yadrolyq ortalyqtyng negizinde ghalymdar qalashyghynyng boy kóteretindigin, qalanyng osy potensiyalyn paydalanyp audan qúrudyng tiyimdiligin dәleldep baqty. Búrynghy Abyraly audanynyng eldi mekenderining maldan basqa tabys kózi joq. Qaladan arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaq qúryp, kәsiporyndar ashylatyn bolsa auyldaghy elge júmys tabylar edi. Kurchatov qalasynyng qazirgi quaty da jaman emes. Qalanyng ekonomikalyq әleuetin tolyq iske asyrsa búl ólke әli aq gýldenip ketetin bolady.
Semey yadrolyq poligon territoriyasynyng 95 payyzyn auyl sharuashylyghyna paydalanugha beruge bolatynyn Últtyq yadrolyq ortalyq mamandary kóptegen jyldar boyghy zertteu nәtiyjelerine oray kóz jetkizdi. Al qalghan 5 payyz jer ol tikeley yadrolyq synaq jasalghan jerler. Onday aumaqtar paydalanugha mýlde bolmaydy dep sanalady. Qazirgi uaqytta búrynghy synaq alanynda bolghan jerlerding zerttelip, tekseruden ótken bólikteri halyqtyng ótinishi boyynsha auyl sharuashylyq maqsattarda paydalanugha berilip jatyr. Negizinen mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn qojalyqtar Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysy Abay audany men Semey qalasynyng jәne Pavlodar oblysy May audanynyng sharua qojalyqtary.
Sonymen qosa, AES qúrylysy boyynsha qala túrghyndarynyng azamattyq mәselesi de oilandyrady. Mysaly, Bayqonyrda oryn alghan jaghdaylardan barshamyz habardarmyz. Gharysh ailaghyndaghy túrghyndardyng konstitusiyalyq qúqyghy qanshama ret búzyldy. Resey Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghyn jalgha aldy. Kurchatovta strategiyalyq nysan salyp, ony birlesip iygeretin bolsa Bayqonyrdyng kebin kiuimiz әbden mýmkin ekenin de joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy.
Basqa-basqa adamzat balasyna orasan zor qauip tóndirgen, qazaqtyng jeri men eline ólsheusiz qasiret әkelgen ghalymnyng atyn alghan qalanyng atauyn ózgerteudi keshiktiruge bolmaydy. Áriyne ol Kenester Odaghy kezinde ghylymgha ólsheusiz ýles qosty dep esepteldi. Biraq ol ashqan janalyq adamzatty qyryp-jongha arnalghan edi. Sol ýshin barlyq memlekettik syilyqtar men ataqtardy alyp, barlyq jaghdaylary jasaldy. Kenes Odaghynyng sayasy basshylary eldi órkendetuding ornyna jappay qyryp joyatyn qarudy iyelenuding jolynda baryn saldy. Osy jolda halyqtyng baylyghy men ómirin de ayaghan joq. Aqyry ózderining týbine jetip tyndy.
Semey poligony arqyly qazaq halqyn synaqtyng nysanyna ainaldyrdy. 40 jyl boyghy synaqtar kezinde jýzdegen myng adam radiyasiya saldarynan aurugha úshyrap kóz júmdy. Jas sәbiyler ómir esigin asha salyp shetinep jatty. Ekologiyagha kelgen ziyanda ólsheu joq. Degeleng syndy Saryarqanyn shoqtyqty da qasterli bir tauyn kýlge ainaldyrdy.
Qazaq eline ólsheusiz qasiret әkelgen zalym ghalymnyng atyn jerimizden, halyqtyng sanasynan mýlde óshiru kerek. Ol tipti A.Saharov syndy osy synaqtary ýshin halyqtan keshirim súrap, opynyp ókingen de joq. Al biz bolsaq Kurchatov syndy adamnyng atyn alghan qala atauyn ózgertkimiz kelmeydi. Ony Petropavl men Pavlodar syndy mәsele qylyp kótergen de emespiz. Tek osy synaq ólkesining tumasy, osy ólkening bilgiri, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory B.Nәsenov aghamyz ghana qalanyng atyna qazaqtyng birtuar perzenti Tәttimbet Qazanqapúlynyng atyn beru turaly úsynys jasaghan bolatyn. Biraq ol kezinde qoldau tappady. Bolatbek agha qazirgi Kurchatov qalasynyng manynda Tәttimbetting qystau bolghanyn dәleldep, osyghan sýiengen edi. Jәne de naqty tarihy derekterdi keltiredi.
Qarqaraly uezine qarasty Shanyshar-Aybiyke bolysyn 1878 jyly «Arqalyq», «Edirey» atty eki bolysqa bóldi. Al Shanyshar-Núrbiyke bolysyn «Aqbota» bolysy dep ózgertti. 1928 jyly osy atalghan bolystar Abyraly audany qúrylghan kezde jer men halyqtyng ornalasu jaghdayyna oray osy audangha berildi. 1930 jyly Qu degen audan qúrylyp, «Aqbota» bolysy «Qyzyl-Tan» degen atpen audan ortalyghyna ainalghan. 1932 jyly qayta Abyraly audanyna qosqan. 1954 jyly atom synaghyna baylanysty Abyraly audany taratyldy. «Aqbota» bolysynyng jeri keleshek Kurchatov qalasynyn, atom synaghynyng ortalyghyna ainaldy. Múraghat qújattary osylay sóileydi.
Orayy kelip túrghanda «Ghylym qalasy» mәrtebesi bar osy qalagha Álihan Bókeyhan esimin bersek әbden layyqty dep oilaymyz. Oghan qosa ózining tughan jeri Aqtoghay da alys emes. Qalanyng bir audanyn synaq alanynyng epiysentri bolyp, kýlge ainalghan Degeleng tauynyng qúrmetine «Degelen» dep atasa dúrys bolar edi.
Aytqanday tarihshy-ghalymdar qozghap jýrgen bir mәsele, 2017 jyly Alash Orda ýkimetining qúrylghanyna 100 jyl tolu qúrmetine osy ýkimetting 1917 jyldan 1920 jylgha deyin resmy astanasy bolghan Semey qalasynyng Jana Semey bóligin «Alash» qalasy dep resmy ataudy da úmytpaghan jón. Álihan men Alash esimin bir-birinen bólip qaray almaymyz. Osy isting sheshimi ózimizding erik jigerimizge baylanysty bolmaq.
Ardaq BERKIMBAY
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