Osydan 95 jyl búryn Qarqaralydan patshagha jazylghan talap aryzdar

Ardaqty er! Úmytylmas etken isin,
Kýni erteng aibyndy Alash jinap esin,
Kóksegen kóp zamannan tilegindi
Jaryqqa shygharugha júmsar kýshin.

Maghjan

 

Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlargha sozylghan últ-azattyq kýresi-ning shyrqau shyny 1905 jylghy oqighalargha baylanysty ekendigi tarihy aqiqat. Álihan Bókeyhanov bastaghan qazaq ziyalylary Birinshi orys tónkerisi degen atpen tarihta qalghan Reseydegi úly býlinshilikti qazaq paydasyna sheshuge úmtyldy. Otarshyl memleketting irgesi sógilip, shanyraghy shayqalghan sәtti paydalanyp, qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdik kýresin bastap ketti. Álbette, qaru kóterip, qantógis jolymen emes, sayasiy-әleumettik, ekonomika-lyq-qúqyqtyq talaptar qoi arqyly órkeniyetti jolmen Qazaq memleketin qúrudyng joldaryn izdestirdi. Ol ýshin aldymen orys imperiyasynyng qúramyndaghy júrt retinde qazaqtar ózderining zandy qúqyqtaryna kepildik berudi talap etti.

Osy talaptardyng qaghazgha týsip, elimizding tarihynda tún-ghysh ret otarshyl imperiyanyng eng biyik biylik oryndaryna joldanghan sayasy qújat «Qarqaraly petisiyasy» bolatyn.

Osydan 95 jyl búryn Qarqaralydan patshagha jazylghan talap aryzdar

Ardaqty er! Úmytylmas etken isin,
Kýni erteng aibyndy Alash jinap esin,
Kóksegen kóp zamannan tilegindi
Jaryqqa shygharugha júmsar kýshin.

Maghjan

 

Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlargha sozylghan últ-azattyq kýresi-ning shyrqau shyny 1905 jylghy oqighalargha baylanysty ekendigi tarihy aqiqat. Álihan Bókeyhanov bastaghan qazaq ziyalylary Birinshi orys tónkerisi degen atpen tarihta qalghan Reseydegi úly býlinshilikti qazaq paydasyna sheshuge úmtyldy. Otarshyl memleketting irgesi sógilip, shanyraghy shayqalghan sәtti paydalanyp, qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdik kýresin bastap ketti. Álbette, qaru kóterip, qantógis jolymen emes, sayasiy-әleumettik, ekonomika-lyq-qúqyqtyq talaptar qoi arqyly órkeniyetti jolmen Qazaq memleketin qúrudyng joldaryn izdestirdi. Ol ýshin aldymen orys imperiyasynyng qúramyndaghy júrt retinde qazaqtar ózderining zandy qúqyqtaryna kepildik berudi talap etti.

Osy talaptardyng qaghazgha týsip, elimizding tarihynda tún-ghysh ret otarshyl imperiyanyng eng biyik biylik oryndaryna joldanghan sayasy qújat «Qarqaraly petisiyasy» bolatyn.

Qazaq halqynyng Resey otarshyldyghyna narazylyghyn tún-ghysh ret keng auqymdy sayasy mәsele retinde tabandylyqpen kór-setken qújattyng tóniregindegi әli de anyqtalmaghan jaghdaylar kóp.

Tipti, tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin de kórnekti zertteushi ma-mandar 1905 jyldyng jazynda Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy, Qarqaraly qalasynan qozy kósh jnrdegi ataqty Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde, ýsh Jýzding qazaghy bas qosqan ýlken jiyndarda maqúldanyp, býkil qazaq halqy atynan Reseyding eng jogharghy biylik oryndaryna joldanghan búl  qújattardy dúrys baghalap bolghan joq.

Tarihta «Qarqaraly petisiyasy» degen atpen belgili bol-ghan talap-aryz (Shynynda bireu ghana emes. - Z.T.) zertteushiler nazaryna erte-aq ilingen bolatyn. Kórnekti ghalym Sanjar Asfendiyarov «Istoriya Kazahstana s drevneyshih vremen» (Almaty, 1993 j.) degen enbeginde birinshi orys revolusiyasynyng dýmpuimen qazaq dalasynda otarshyldyqqa qarsy narazylyq boy kóteruding kórinis retinde dýniyege kelgen búl petisiya turaly bilgen. Biraq, óz kezindegi iydeologiya yqpalynan shygha almay, búl qozghalystargha birjaqty, tipti nemqúrayly bagha beredi. Mysaly, atalghan kitaptyng 271-betinde bylay dep jazady: «...Qazaq gazetteri shy-gha bastaydy, qogham qayratkerlerinin, «qúrmetti adamdardyn», yaghni, biyler men aqsaqaldardyng sezderi jinalady. Kóptegen sezder (Qarqaraly, Oral, t.b.) dәl sol «qúrmetti adamdar» men intelliygensiyanyng sezderi edi. Jiyndarda ýkimet atyna petisiyalar men tilek-ótinishter qabyldandy. Ásirese, otarlau sayasatyna kóp oryn berildi, óitkeni qonys audaru belgili dәre-jede qazaq qoghamynyng barlyq qabattaryna zalal keltirdi».

Al, ekinshi bir iri qayratker Túrar Rysqúlov osy mәsele jóninde: «1905 jylghy maniyfestke baylanysty qazaqtar arasynda mitingiler ótkizildi, din jәne jer taqyrybyna petisiyalar jazyldy...»[1] dep, - kórsetedi. Osylaysha, kóterilgen mәseleler «Din jәne jer» taqyryby tónireginde shektelip qalghan dep bilgen. Búghan  da kommunistik iydeologiyanyng salqyny tiygen.

Shet elderde jýrip otarlyq ezgidegi qazaq halqynyng mýddesin qorghaghan, Kenestik qúrylysty ýnemi synap ótken kórnekti qogham qayratkeri Hasen Oraltay «Alash-Týrkistan týrkilerining últ-azattyq úrany» degen enbeginde Qarqaraly petisiyalarynyng jazyluyna baylanysty jiyndardy «Alash» partiyasynyng bastau shaghy dep týsindiredi. «Partiyalyq qyzmet jasyryn jýrgizilgendikten, - deydi  H.Oraltay, - Alash partiyasynyng túnghysh (qúryltay) sezi 1905 jyly mausym aiynda 14500 qa-zaq týrkisining qatysuymen Qarqaralyda ótkizildi. Biraq, resmy týrde Alash partiyasynyng sezi bolyp eseptelmeydi. Solay bol-ghanmen de 1905 jylghy sezd Alash partiyasynyng sezi ekendigine kýmәn joq. Óitkeni, 1905 jyly sezdi úiymdastyrushylar, onyng basqarushylary jәne onda shyghyp sóilegenderding bәri Alash partiyasynyng mýsheleri edi. Búl sezge Alash partiya-synyng liyderi Álihan Bókeyhanúlynyng ózi qatysty»[2].

H.Oraltay búl arada isting mәn-jayyn tolyq bilmegendigin kórsetedi. 1905 jylghy mausymda Á.Bókeyhan Qoyandyda bolmaghan. Múraghat derekteri Álekenning Ombyda ekenin, Qoyandyda jazylghan narazylyq talap-hattardy Ombyda qabyldap, Peterburgke ózi alyp ketkendigin aighaqtaydy.  Reseyding orda qalasynda Álekeng búl hattardy patsha kensesine tapsyrumen birge, birneshe sayasy gazetterge úsynyp, jariyalatqan.

Al, endi Qarqaraly jiyndarynyng Alash sezi ekendigin dәleldeu ýshin H.Oraltay Á.Bókeyhannyng 1910 jyly jariyalaghan «Kirgizy» degen enbegine silteme jasaydy.[3]

Búl arada avtor «sezd» degen ataudy birneshe ret auyzgha alghanda S.Asfendiyarovtyng jogharyda atalghan enbegine jýgingen boluy tiyis.

Obaly qansha, Kenes dәuirining basqa da zertteushileri Qarqaralyda halyq atynan qabyldanghan osy qújattardyng manyzyn únatpasa da, moyyndaghan: «Búl petisiyanyng jalpyqazaqtyq siy-paty boldy jәne shyn mәninde alash qozghalysynyng sayasy negizin saldy»[4], - degen sózder S.Braynin men Sh.Shafironiki.

Endi maqalamyzgha arqau bolyp otyrghan qújattar turaly óz kezinde ne jazylghanyn kórseteyik. Semeyde shyghyp túrghan orys tilindegi «Semipalatinskiy listok» gazetining 1906 jylghy 84-85 sandarynan mynany oqimyz: «Qaytken kýnde de enbekshilerdi revolusiyalyq kýreske qatystyrmau ýshin, feodaldyq qazaqtyng bayshyl kósemderi men músylman dinbasylary «Petisiya» nauqanyn úiymdastyrdy. 1905 jyly 25-shildede Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde (Qarqaraly qalasyna jaqyn) baylar sezi boldy, onda patshanyng atynan petisiya dayyndaldy. Kóterilgen basty mәseleler: qazaq jerinde erekshe músylmandyq diny ba-qaru jýiesin qúru, meshitter salu, diny medreseler ashu, Mekkege qajylyqqa barugha rúqsat beru».

Mine, sol kezding ózinde-aq shyndyqtyng týbirimen búrmalanghandyghyn kórip otyrmyz. Petisiyalardy óz kózimen oqymaghan, úzynqúlaqtan estilgen adamdar osylay jazghan. Bir ókinish-tisi jәne eng bastysy keng auqymdy sayasy qozghalystyng mәnin kópke-kórneu әlsiretip kórsetu bar.  Áriyne, múny jazyp otyr-ghandar otarshyl memleketting jergilikti atqamineri edi ghoy. Qújattardy qolyna alyp, múqiyat oqyghandar bolsa, olarda tek «meshit pen qajylyq» qana emes, alty jarym million qazaq halqynyng mýddesi men múqtajy tereng әri jan-jaqty qoz-ghalghanyn kórer edi.

Keyinde, jýz jyl boyy, tipti osy uaqytqa deyin auyz-dan-auyzgha kóship, naqty baghasy berilmey kele jatqanyna ókin-beske shara bar ma?

Qazaq KSR-i tarihynyn, keyinde «Qazaqstan tarihy» degen kitaptardyng betterinde de osy aghattyq týzetilgen joq.

Qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy úzaq ta úly kýre-sining úzyn kóshindegi osy kezeng jóninde Múhtar Áuezovting erte-de-aq jazghan myna sózderine razy bolamyz. «1905 jyly Qar-qaralyda Aqang men basqa biraz oqyghandar bas qosyp, kindik ókimetke qazaq halqynyng atynan petisiya (aryz-tilek) jibergenin» kórsetken M.Áuezov sol qújattyng mazmúnyn búrmalamay, naqty bergen. «Ol petisiyada atalghan ýlken sózderi - birinshi - jer mәselesi. Qazaqtyng jerin aludy toqtatyp, pereselenderdi jibermeudi súraghan. Ekinshi - qazaq júrtyna zemstvo berudi súraghan, ýshinshi - otarshylardyng orys qylmaq sayasatynan qútylu ýshin ol kýnning qúraly barlyq músylman júrtynyng qosyluynda bolghandyqtan, qazaq júrtyn mýftiyge qaratudy súraghan»[5]. Mine, shyn әngime osy. «Mýftiyge qaratudy súraudyn» ózin M.Áuezov «otarshylardyng orys qylmaq sayasatynan qútylu ýshin» qoldanghan amal ekenin dәl basyp kórsetken.

Qazaq KSR tarihy bes tomdyghynyng 1979 jyly shyqqan 3-shi tomynda Qarqaralydaghy 1905 jylghy 15-qarashadaghy Jaqyp Aqbaev úiymdastyrghan mitingining qúny oghan «júmysshylar-dyn, qonys audarghan sharualar men soldattardyng jәne auyldar men bolystardan kelgen atty qazaq jigitterining qatysqandyghynda» ghana ekendigi kórsetilgen. Búl tújyrym sol kýiinde, 1957 jylghy «Rabochee y agrarnoe dviyjeniya v Kazahstane v 1907-1914 godah» degen jinaqtan alynghan bolsa, sol betimen Almatyda 1993 jyly basylyp shyqqan «Qazaqstan tarihynyng ocherkterine» kóshirilip berilgeni tang qaldyrady. Jana jaghdayda tarihy faktilerdi taptyq qalypqa salyp búrmalamay kórsetuge bolatyn edi ghoy. Búl da mәselening bayybyna barmaghandyq. Osynday da tayyz tarihshylar bar-au!

Odan beride 1994 jyly shyqqan «Qazaqstan tarihy»  (avtory Á.Ábdiәkimov) degen kitaptyng 105-betindegi 1905-1907 jyldardaghy qozghalysqa «ólkege qonys audaryp kelgen orys júrtynyng ókilderi ghana qatysty», «Qazaqstannyng jergilikti halqynyng mýddeleri qozghalmady» degen tújyrym da sol  bayaghy eskirgen, jetsiz saryn. Sóitsek, avtor «Múnda taptyq internasionaldyq proletarlyq qozghalysqa negiz bolar jaghdaylardyng tym jetimsiz» ekendigine toqsanynshy jyldardyng ortasynda, markstik túrghyda ókinish bildirgen eken.

Reseydegi orys revolusiyasynyng nәtiyjesinde Resey pat-shasynyng 17-qazan maniyfesi qabyldaugha mәjbýr bolghany tariy-hy shyndyq. Búl qújattyng manyzyn eshkim de joqqa shygharmaydy. Al, maniyfesting jaryq kóruinen ýsh ay búryn Qazaqstannyng qiyr aimaghy sanalatyn uezdik qala Qarqaralyda, onyng janyn-daghy әigili Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde túnghysh ret býkil qazaqtyng atynan irgeli-irgeli sayasy mәselelerdi ashyq kóterip, kindik ýkimetke batyl, sauatty talap qoydyng manyzy qanday? Sol talaptardy halyqqa týsindirip, búdan bylay otarlyq ezgide ómir sýruge bolmaytynyn, әr halyq, әrbir adam óz qúqyghy ýshin kýrese alatynyn, kýresuge tiyis ekendigin kórsetken qazaq kó-semderining enbegi qanday?!

Eger Resey patshasynyng Maniyfesi - (adam qúqyghyn eriksiz tanyghan basty qújaty) kóterilisting quaty tegeurini saldarynan qabyldanghanyn týsinetin bolsaq, sol kóteriliske belsene qatys-qan qazaq halqynyn, halyqty bastaghan azatker qayratkerlerding enbegi ekendigin de moyyndap, layyqty baghasyn beruimiz kerek. Oqulyqtargha ashyq, tolyq jazyp, jana úrpaqtyng sanasyna sini-ruimiz kerek.

Tarihy ghylymiy-zertteu enbekterde, oqulyqtarda qazaq dalasyndaghy sayasy kýresting patsha Maniyfesimen baylanysty órshui 1905 jylghy qarasha aiynan bastap beleng aldy dep kór-setiledi. Shynynda, jәne múny atap aitu kerek - búl Qyr ólke-sindegi sayasy kýresting ekinshi kezeni. Alghashqysy jarty jyl búryn Qoyandyda bolghan qalyng qauym jiyndarynan bastalady.

«Býkil eldik narazylyqtyng qazaq qoghamyna búryn tәn emes petisiya týrinde kórinuine týrtki bolghan túnghysh rossiyalyq revolusiya bolghan da, al ony jazghan azattyq qozghalysynyng basyna kelgen jana әleumettik kýsh - últ-azattyq intelliygen-siya ókilderi edi»[6] .

Endi taqyrybymyz, «Qarqaraly petisiyasy» dep atalyp jýrgen qújatqa keleyik. Shyndyghynda búl jalghyz ghana petisiya emes. Bizding anyqtauymyz boyynsha, әrqaysysy ózinshe bólek, derbes mazmúndaghy birneshe qújat. Olar jeke-jeke: Resey Imperatoryna, Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasyna, ishki ister miy-nistrine joldaghan. Múraghat  qújattaryna qaraghanda jiyndar-dy ótkizip, petisiyalardy jazyp, halyq ókilderine qol qoyghyzghandardyng ishinde Jaqyp Aqbaev, Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Mirjaqyp Dulatov, Kólbay Toghysov, Ahmetqaly Ayaghanov bar. Basqa azamattardyng qatysy jóninde maghlúmattar tabylmay otyr.

Qújattar 25-26 mausym kýnderi Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde jasalghan. Álihan Bókeyhanov sonyng aldynda ghana Qarqaralyda bolghan, biraq 1905 jylghy 30-mausymda jazylghan taghy bir qújatta: «Petisiyany Ombygha, Á.Bókeyhanovqa arnayy eki se-nimdi adam alyp ketken», deuine qaraghanda, Qoyandydaghy jiyn-dargha qatysqan-qatyspaghanyn bekitip aitu qiyn,  dúrysy - qatyspaghan deuimiz kerek..

Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy sol kezdegi iri әkimshilik-sayasy әri mәdeny ortalyqtardyng bir bolghan Qarqaraly qalasynan bir kósh jerdegi  Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde jazylyp, Resey patshasynyng atyna jedelhat týrinde 1905 jylghy 22-shildede jiberilgen petisiyanyng qazaqshasy mynaday: (Týpnúsqa oryssha, qazaqshalaghan  men. - Z.T.)

 

Úly mәrtebeli imperator aghzamgha

 

Ministr A.G.Bulyginnyng jasaghan jobasyn qoldap, Ombyda general Suhotin bastaghan atqaminerler qazaqtardy Zemskiy soborgha qatystyrmau jóninde sheshim alypty. Múnday je-tesiz sheshim Qyr ólkesining negizgi halqy bolyp tabylatyn qa-zaqtardyng tirshilik erekshelikterimen jәne halyq retindegi erik-qalauymen ýsh qaynasa sorpasy qosylmaydy.

Qytaydan Aughanstangha deyingi úlan-baytaq jerdi alyp jatqan qazaqtar ózining býkil taghdyry men ómirlik mýddelerin Memleketting taghdyrymen baylanysty dep sanaydy jәne ózin basqa halyqtarmen teng pravoly dep esepteydi. Sizdin, patsha Agh-zam, halyq senimine iye  bolghan, layyqty adamdardy memleket biyligine qatystyrmaq niyetinizdi bilushi edik. Demek, alty miyl-lion qazaq halqyn erekshe qúqyqsyz, zansyz tobyrgha jatqyzyp qon - qarapayym ghana әdildik pen aqiqatqa qiyanat emes pe?

Bizding mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysatynymyz ras, mal baghyp, kóship jýretinimiz de ras. Biraq, keybir úlyqtar oila-ghanday dala kezip, jón-josyqsyz qanghyp jýrmeymiz. Osy ýshin ghana memleket biyligine saylanu siyaqty asa manyzdy sayasy pra-vodan aiyryluymyzdy qalay týsinemiz?

Mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysty dep qazaqty saylau pravosynan aiyrasyz, al sauda isteytin, diqan, balyqshy jәne basqa kәsip iyelerining saylau pravosy saqtalyp qalghanyn qalay týsinemiz? Shynynda, Resey imperiyasynyng qúramyndaghy  halyqtar bilimi men mәdeniyeti jaghynan әrqily, solardyng ishinde qazaqtar aldynghy orynda emes ekeni ras, biraq eng sonynda da qalyp otyrghan joq. Qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq jәne memlekettik mýddelerdi orys mújyqtarynan kem týsinetinin kim dәleldegen eken? Onyng ber jaghynda qazaqtardan góri memleket biyligine kóbirek aralasugha mýmkindik alghan otyryqshy búratana elder-den bizding qay jerimiz kem? Qazaqtardyng mýddesin kim qorghay-dy? Olardyng mún-múqtajyn kim biledi, halyqtyng ózi saylaghan ókilderi bolmasa, sol halyqtyng tilegi men qajetin óteuding jol-daryn kim kórsetedi?

Aldiyar, mynaghan seniniz: biz, qazaqtar osynau ýlken jú-mysqa dayyndyghymyz basqalardan kem dep eseptemeymiz. Biraq bizdi tanyghysy kelmeytinder kóp, bizdi tómen sanaydy, buro-krattar, úlyqtar bizge keude kóterip, kemsite qaraydy; biz búdan kóp qorlyq kórip jýrmiz.

Qalay degende de bizdi әldekimderding tanyghysy kelmey-tinine jauapty emespiz.

Jogharydaghylardy aita kelip, patsha Aghzam, Sizden basy-myzdy iyip súraymyz: Saylaugha qatysugha erik beriniz, memleket biyliginde qazaqtar bolsa ghana bizding mún-múqtajymyz eskeriledi jәne sheshiledi. Sonda ghana biz, qazaq halqy, Imperiyanyng basqa halyqtarymen teng ekenimizdi sezinemiz».

Qarqaraly uezinen saylanghan 42 ókil qol qoydy.

(Mine, Resey imperatoryna jiberilgen petisiyanyng tolyq mәtini osy. Múny basqa petisiyalarmen shatystyrugha bolmaydy. Tpti dәl sol kezding ózinde orys sheneunikteri olardy ajyrata almaghan. Sol týsinbestik, ýstirttik 100 jyldan asa jalghasyp, osy kýnge deyin basy ashylghan joq. Búl jóninde sәl keyin bayan-daymyz.-Z.T.)

Petisiyanyng ókimet oryndaryn erekshe abyrjytyp, әure-sarsangha salghanyn qújattardan kóremiz. Biylik iyelerining sekem alatyn jóni bar, óitkeni, oghan qol qoyghandar týgelge juyq el biyleushi qazaqtar, bylaysha aitqanda Qyr elining qaymaghy edi. Ondaghan jyldar boyy aitqanyna kónip, aidaghanyna jýrgen mo-myn, qaranghy, «búratana» halyqtyng búlaysha oyanuynan ýkimet qatty seskengen.

Osy qújattyng jasaluyna baylanysty Semey oblysynyng әskery gubernatory general-mayor Galkin 1905 jylghy shildening 19-ynda Qyr ólkesining general-gubernatoryna mynaday suyt habar jibergen:

«Qarqaralynyng uezd bastyghy biylghy 30-mausymda maghan mynany habarlady: Tynshylar arqyly alynghan derekterge qaraghanda Qoyandy-Botov jәrmenkesinde bas qosqan Aqmola ob-lysynyng jәne sol jaqtaghy Semey uezining (Pavlodar uezi de bar) qazaqtary ortasynan ókil saylap, patsha Aghzamnyng atyna petisiya dayyndaghan.

Mening qolymdaghy qúpiya mәlimetterge qaraghanda petisiya-lardaghy talaptar negizinen mynalar: salyqty azaytu, qarashek-pen bastyqtaryn taratu, diny senimderge tolyq mýmkindik beru, qazaq arasynan ortaq mýfty saylau, ortalyq ýkimettegi halyq ókildigine deputattar saylau.

...Búl aryzgha 16 myng adam qol qoyghan. (Qarqaraly oyazynda 33522 shanyraq iyesi bar. Búl - onyng teng jartysy)».

Uezd bastyghy Qarqaralydan aryzdy Ombygha eki senimdi adam alyp baratynyn habarlaghan. (Dәl osy jerge general-gubernator kók qaryndashpen: k Bukeyhanovu? dep belgi soghypty. - Z.T.) Ombyda Aqmola, Semey, Torghay oblystarynyng barlyq uezderinen saylanghan ókilder jiinalys ashyp, talqylamaq. Sóitip, Ombyda eki adam ókil saylanyp, Peterburgke alyp ket-pek.

Shtabs-rotmistr Ossovskiy Qyrdaghy dýrligu jaghdayyn habarlaydy. «Qazaqtar Reseyde bolyp jatqan oqighalardy múqiyat qadaghalap otyrghan kórinedi...»

General-mayor Galkin Qyrdaghy jaghdaylardy baqylauda ústau maqsatynda tynshylyq júmys jýrgizu ýshin general-gubernatordan 600 som qarajatty qosa súrapty. Oghan general-gubernator: «200 som berilsin» dep búryshtama soghypty.

Tynshylardyng jetkizuine qaraghanda 1905 jylghy 3-tamyz-da osy petisiya turaly Reseyding «Syn Otechestva» jәne «Russkie vedomosti» dep atalatyn orys gazetterine jedelhat jiberilgen kórinedi.

Mine, qanqúily otarshyldyq sayasattyng qazaqty qanday amal-aylamen biylegeni, qalay búghaulap-túnshyqtyrghany osy bir ghana mysaldan kórinip túr emes pe?

General-gubernator búl hatty alghannan keyin Qarqaralygha qayta jedelhat soghyp: «Osy petisiyagha qol qoyghandardyng ara-synan eng bolmasa birneshe adamdy tauyp, aty-jónin habarlanyz» degen núsqau beredi.

Qarqaraly oyazynyng bastyghy Ossovskiyding jauaby mynau: «Aryz Ombygha, Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng atyna ketti. Ol osy petisiyany jazudy úiymdastyrushynyng ózi jәne jetekshisi. Keybir derekterge qaraghanda aryzdyng bastapqy tekstin jazghan Aqbaev. Sondyqtan, Bókeyhanov dem berushi, yntager dep eseptelui kerek. Halyq ókili atynan petisiyany jetkizuge saylanghandar Álihan Bókeyhanov pen Jaqyp Aqbaev».

Imperatordyng atyna jiberilgen petisiyagha 42 adam qol qoyghanyn tynshylar anyqtaghan jәne olardyng tizimi gubernatorgha joldanghan hatqa tirkelgen. Tizimge qarap otyrsaq, Qarqaraly oyazyna qaraytyn 21 bolystyng әrqaysysynan 1-3-ten el aghalary qol qoyghan. Olar mynalar:

Aqsary bolysynan - Balseyit Mataev jәne Múhametәzy Tóleubaev.

Kent bolysynan - Kәribay Mataev jәne Toqtarbay Jandybaev.

Qu bolysynan - Músatay Tәttimbetov jәne Maqat Aqaev (Músatay úly kýishi Tәttimbetting balasy, al Maqat - ataqty Aqaev Qasenning aghasy, Ahmet Baytúrsynovtarmen bastas bolghan qayratker.-Z.T.).

Edirey bolysynan - Omar Qondybaev.

Temirshi bolysynan - Sekerbay Qanghojin jәne Ospan Janqabylov.

Berikqara bolysynan - Aqbay Janderkin (zanger Jaqyp Aqbaevtyng әkesi), Sýigenbay Meyirjanov jәne Óskenbay Bógembaev.

Núra bolysynan - Arystanbek Dәuletov.

Aqbota bolysynan - Jýsip Qúlbatyrov jәne Bektibay Botabaev.

Degeleng bolysynan - Kerimhan Tólebaev jәne Tyshqanbay Qashaqov.

Daghandaly bolysynan - Demesin Meyirjanov jәne Joljan Baykóbiyn.

Balqash bolysynan - Narmanbet Ormanbetov (ataqty Narmanbet aqyn) jәne Túrsynbek Jantoqiyn.

Sarybúlaq bolsynan - Aralbay Súltanov jәne Jýsip Naqypov.

Sarytau bolysynan Jýnisqaly Ayaghanov jәne Jýnisbek Joldyózekov.

Qotanbúlaq bolysynan - Qúdayberdi Baybórin jәne IYgilik Janqojiyn.

Qyzyltau bolysynan - Toqbay Toqsabaev.

Moyynty bolysynan - Júmabek Qúlashev jәne Tasybek Baqiyn.

Aqshatau bolysynan, Jýsip Beysembin jәne Juasbay Tasbolatov.

Bórili bolysynan - Tólmúhamet Altyntórin jәne Raqiya Sәtbaev.

Toqyrauyn bolysynan- Ahmet Bekbergenov jәne Toqymet Kýrenshiyn.

Shúbartau bolysynan - Músa Qúlbaev jәne Sýleymen Qoysoymasov.

Búlargha qosa Edirey bolsynan Qaqabay Alshynbaev jәne Núra bolysynan Qaliolla Dýisenbaev qol qoydy dep jazylghan.

Búl arada myna bir jaghdaydyng basyn ashyp alu kerek. Qar-qaraly men Semeyding úlyghy bolsyn, tynshysy bolsyn, Qoyan-dyda dayyndalghan qújattardyng jalpy saryny bolmasa, mәtinin oqyp, naqty bilmegen. Sondyqtan Semey gubernatorynyng hatyndaghy; patsha Aghzamnyng petisiyagha 16 myng adam qol qoydy... Ombyda, Aqmolada, Semeyde, Torghay oblysynyng barlyq uezderinde talqylamaq...» degenderi jalghyz bir petisiyany ghana emes, basqa da petisiyalardy qamtitynyn bayqau qiyn emes. Oghan dәlel retinde basqa petisiyalardyng jazylu tәrtibin kórsetsek te jetedi.

Mysaly, Resey ishki ister ministrligine joldanghan myna qújatqa Pavlodar, Semey jәne Qarqaraly oyazynyng ókilderi qol qoyghan. Mazmúny patshagha joldanghan qújattan ózgeshe. Al, Ministrler kenesining tóraghasyna joldanghan petisiyagha 12767 adam qol qoyghan. Keyin, osy taqyrypqa qalam tartqandardyng bireui 16 myn, bireui 14500 adam qol qoydy degenderin teriske shy-gharyp, naqty qújatpen osylay týzetemiz.

Resey patshasynyng atyna joldanghan petisiyamen qosa Peterburgke Álihan Bókeyhan alyp ketken ekinshi hat Ishki ister ministrine joldanghan. «Qarqaraly, Semey jәne Pavlodar oyazdarynyng qazaqtarynan patsha Aghzamnyng atyna jiberil-gen tilekke qosa, Sizding qarap sheshuinizge mynaday naqty mәseleler qoyamyz» dep bastalatyn qújatta Ishki ister miniys-trligining qúzyryndaghy: mysaly, meshit ashugha jәne onyng Jany-nan medrese ashugha rúqsat beru, baspa isimen әrkimning ainalysu qúqyn qamtamasyz etu, kóshpeli qazaqtar men orys sharuala-rynyn, kazak-orystardyng qúqyn tengeru siyaqty mәseleler kór-setilgen.

Al, Resey Ministrler kenesine, atqarushy biylik tóraghasyna qoyylghan talaptar kenirek әri meylinshe naqty. Jekelegen faktiler, mәselelerding sheshilu joldary tәtpishtelip kórsetil-gen. Patshanyng atyna jazylghan tilek-aryzda jalpy sayasy túrghyda, jogharghy biylik qúramyna qazaqtardy qatystyru siyaqty zandyq mәni bar mәselelerding bolghanyn kórdik.

Endi Resey ýkimetine jazylghan qújatqa toqtalayyq. Aldymen qazaq jastaryna bilim berude sheshimin tappaghan prob-lemalar sanamalap kórsetiledi, olardyng sebepteri men saldarlary taldanady:

2. 1902 jyldan bastap, Qyr ólkesinde qazaqtyng úl balala-ryna arnalyp auyl mektepteri degender ashylghan. Olarda sabaq qazaqsha jýrgiziledi, biraq qazaq tili oqytylmaydy, búl jónindegi talabymyz oryndalmady. Múnday mektepterde qazaq sóz-derin orys әlibimen jazugha ýiretedi, biraq orys әlibining qazaq tili fonetikasyn tolyq bermeytindigi, sondyqtan,  týsinik maghy-nasy búzylatyny eskerilmeydi.

Qazaq tilin oqytpaudy jәne qazaqsha sózdi orys әripimen jazudy bilim beru emes, basqa bir beymәlim, teris maqsatty kózdeu dep týsinip, qazaqtar balalaryn búl mektepterge bermey qoydy. Sonyng saldarynan alghashynda mektepti toltyru ýshin әkimshilikting qysym jasauymen tek kedeylerding balalary men jetim balalar ghana jinaldy. Basqalar olargha aqsha berdi, yaghny balalardy jaldap oqytyp jatyrmyz.

1880 jyldyng basynan beri qaray Qyr ólkesining barlyq qalalarynda qazaq balalaryna arnalghan mektepter bar edi. Otyz oryndyq internatta shirkeu shәkirtteri men qala oqushylarynan 300 bala jatatyn. 1890 jyldan beri qaray búl internattar auyl sharuashylyq mektepterine ainaldyryldy. Al, olardyng Qyr ólkesine týkke de qajeti joq. Auyl sharuashylyq mektepterin bitirgenderden 15 jyldyng ishinde birdebir auyl sharuashylyghy mamany shyqqan joq. Auyl sharuashylyghy mektebin bitirgender de, búrynghy internattardy bitirgender de «Intelliygent» bolyp shyqty, biraq maman bolyp qalyptaspady, óitkeni olargha kәsiby bilim berilmegen edi.

1890 jyly Omby gimnaziyasynyng janyndaghy 25 oryndyq pansion jabylyp qaldy. Qazaqtyng jogharghy bilim alghan azamat-tarynyng kópshiligi osy pansionda tәrbiyelenip edi. Al, atalaghan internattar men auyl sharuashylyq mektepterin bitirgender Ombydaghy ortalyq felidsherlik jәne mal dәrigerlik mektepterden aspady.

Gimnaziya pansiony jabylyp qalghan son, qazaq balalary gimnaziyalargha týse almay, yaghny odan әri joghary bilim ala almay qaldy. Qolynda biyligi bar ýkimetterdin  jergilikti әkimderi stiypendiyany qazaq balalaryna emes, basqa últtardyng balalaryna beredi. Al, qazaq arasynda bilimge degen qúshtarlyq ýlken, sondyqtan da olar qalalyq uchiliyshelerde balalaryn óz qarjy-syna oqytugha mәjbýr boldy. Mal baqqan qazaqqa búl shyghyn óte auyr tiyedi.

Jogharydaghylardy kórsete kelip, qazaq dalasynda bilim beru isin dúrys jolgha qoiy kerek dep sanaymyz. Ol ýshin: auyl mektepterinde qazaq әlippesin oqytu, qazaq tilinde sabaq beru, memlekettik tildi mindetti týrde ýiretu, jabylyp qalghan internattar men Omby gimnaziyasynyng janyndaghy pansiondy qal-pyna keltiru kerek.

«Dalalyq Erejenin» 99 baby boyynsha medrese (mektep-ter) ashugha jәne meshit salugha Qyr ólkesi general-gubernato-rynyng rúqsaty kerek. Soghan qaramastan, janadan mektepter ashugha jәne meshit salugha rúqsat bermek týgili, Semey men Kók-shetau qalalaryndaghy meshitterding janyndaghy mektepterdi jer-gilikti әkimder jauyp tastady.

Sol sebepti de Ereje boyynsha tughan balany tirkeytin kitap auylnaydyng qolynda, al auylnaylardyng kópshiligi hat tanymaydy. Krestiyan bastyqtary shet elge shyghatyn pasport berudi sol auyldyng nemese bolystyng salyq tóleuimen bayla-nysty sheshedi, qaryzy bolsa -  pasport   bermey qoyady.

Jogharydaghylardy aita kelip, mynalardy qajet sanaymyz: Ojdan bostandyghy, diny senim-nanym bostandyghy, Qyr ólke-sining qazaqtary ýshin saylamyshty erekshe diny basqarma, mektepter men meshitter salu ýshin basqa mekemelerge jýginudi toqtatu; qazaq, tatar jәne arab tilindegi diny әdebiyetterge senzura jasamau; tuu turaly kuәlik berudi diny basqarma oryndaryna beru; shetelge shyghatyn pasport beruding zandy tәrtibin belgileu qajet.

Sonday-aq, Semey gimnaziyasy janynan qazaq balalaryna arnap, pansion ashylsyn, kәsiby mektepter men joghary oqu oryndarynda oqu ýshin taghayyndalatyn stiypendiyalardyng sany kóbeytilsin.

Atalghan oqu-aghartu sharalaryna qajet shyghyndar ýshin Semey oblysy qazaqtarynyng kapitalyn júmsau qajet. Qazir onyng somasy 80 myngha jetti. Ol aqsha jergilikti әkimshilikting qarauynda jәne prosentsiz nesie retinde ýshinshi túlghalargha berilip otyr. Mysaly, Aqmola oblysy әskery gubernatorynyng ýiin salugha 47 myng som 23,5 jylgha prosentsiz nesie retinde berilgen.

3. Qazaq halqynyng kýndelikti qajetin kórsetip otyru ýshin qazaq tilinde gazet shygharylsyn, senzurasyz gazet shygharugha jәne baspahana ashugha eshbir bóget jasalmasyn.

4. Songhy  15 jyl boyy Qyr ólkesin otarlaudyng jalghasuy nәtiyjesinde, qazaqtardyng jeri tarylyp ketti. Mal sharuashylyghy negizinen ekstensivti ekeni jalpygha mәlim, mal baghugha óte kóp jayylymdyq jer kerek. Syrttan qonys audaryp kelip jat-qandargha eng tәuir jerler, túshy su kózderi qazaqtardan tartyp alynyp berilude. Sondyqtan, qazaqtardyng iyeligindegi jerler ózderining menshigi dep tanylsyn.

5. Qyr ólkesining memlekettik menshik basqarmasy qazaq-tardy ata-qonysynan yghystyryp, jerdi qazynagha tartyp aluda. Olay bolsa, qazynagha alynghan jerlerden qazaqtar quylmasyn, qazyna jeri men qazaq jerining arasyna jikteu shegarasy qal-dyrylsyn, onyng aumaghyn belgileuge qazaqtar qatystyrylsyn.

6. Qoldanylyp kele jatqan «Dalalyq ereje» qazaq túr-mysynyng qazirgi jaghdayyna say kelmeydi. Basqany aitpaghannyng ózinde, «Dalalyq erejenin» 120-baby boyynsha qazaqtardyng jeri qauymgha ortaq sanalady, al qystau mekenderi iyesining ne-mese birneshe adamnyng menshigi, olar ony basqagha syigha tartugha nemese satugha qúqyly. Sondyqtan «Dalalyq erejeni» qazaq deputattarynyng qatysuymen ózgertu kerek. Áytpese, onday ere-je kerek emes.

7. Bolys kenselerinde is qaghazdary oryssha jýrgiziledi. Osynyng saldarynan jergilikti halyq oryssha til bilmegen son, olardy bolystyng nemese auylnaydyng hatshylary qanap keledi. Qyr ólkesi general-gubernatorynyng erekshe jarlyghyna sәikes tótenshe sezderding ýkimderi men sheshimderi orys tilinde jazy-lady. Sóitip, sottyng nemese daulasushy eki jaqtyng baqylauynan tys qalghan hatshylar oiyna kelgenin isteydi. «Dalalyq erejenin»  qazirgi shtaty boyynsha uezder men oblystyq basqar-mada qazaq tilining audarmashylary bolugha tiyis. Soghan qaramas-tan, jergilikti әkimder audarmashylyq qyzmetke qazaqsha bil-meytin orys sheneunikterin alady, olar bolsa, ýshinshi bir Adam-nyng kómegine jýginedi. Keybir krestiyan bastyqtary qazaq tilinde jazylghan ótinishterdi qabyldamaydy, sondyqtan qazaqtar eshqanday kómegi tiymese de, qaydaghy bir dýmshe advokattardy jaldaydy.

Qazaqtardyng mýddesi ýshin mynalar qajet: bolys kenseleri men halyq sottarynda is qaghazdary qazaqsha jýrgizilsin; audarmashylyqqa qazaq tilin biletin jәne qazaqsha sauatty adam-dar alynsyn; qazaqtar óz qúqyqtaryna núsqan kelse, aryzdy ana tilinde bere alatyn bolsyn.

8. Sot әdil boluy ýshin sudiyalar ózi qyzmet etetin halyq-tyng tilin biletin bolsyn. Soghan qaramastan, sudiyalyq jәne tergeushilik qyzmetterge qazaqtyng tilin bilmeytin orystar taghayyn-dalyp keledi. Nege ekeni belgisiz, qazaghy qalyng uezderge qazaq zangerleri taghayyndalmaydy, sonyng saldarynan Qyr ólkesinde sot әdildigine núqsan kelude.

Demek, sudiyalar qazaq tilin bilui shart jәne de qazaq dala-syna alqaly sot jýiesi engizilsin.

9. 1902 jyldan bastap Qyr ólkesinde krestiyan nachali-nikteri lauazymy engizdi. Olar eshqanday payda әkelgen joq, qayta atqaminerlerding sanyn kóbeytti. Uezd bastyghy bireu edi, endi tórteu boldy, sóitip halyqqa әkimshilik qysymy kóbeydi. 1905 jyldan bastap uryadnik lauazymy engiziletin boldy. Olar-dyng Qyrgha keregi bolghan emes, bolmaydy da. Sondyqtan kress-tiyan bastyqtary men uryadnik qyzmeti joyylsyn.

10. «Dalalyq erejenin» 17-babyna sәikes Qyr ólkesining general-gubernatoryna qazaqtardy әkimshilik jolymen basqa jaqqa jer audaru qúqy berilgen. Osy baptyng kesirinen talay adam jazyqsyz, zansyz japa shekti. Demek, zandylyq pen aza-mattardyng qúqyq mýddesi ýshin búl bapty joyyp, qylmys jasa-ghandar tek sot aldynda ghana jauap beretindey tәrtip ornatu qajet.

11. Patsha biylghy aqpannyng 18-de shygharghan Mәrtebeli jarlyghymen orystyng zang shygharu jinalysyna halyq senimine ie bolghan layyqty adamdardy shaqyratynyn jariya etti. Qazaq halqynyng mýddeleri men qúqyqtaryn qoldau ýshin osy zang shygharu jinalysyna bizding de deputattarymyzdyng qatysuy qa-jet.

 

1905 jylghy 26- mausym,

Qoyandy jәrmenkesi.

12. 767 adam qol qoydy.

 

Osynau tarihy qújattardaghy keybir mәselelerdi týsindire ketken de artyq bolmas.

«Tarih damytushy da, jasaushy da halyq» degen markstik-lenindik ilimge sýiengen búrynghy tarihy konseptualdyq jýie-ler endi sahnadan birtindep kete bastaghan siyaqty. Áriyne, ta-riyhqa arqau, ghylymgha ózek bolyp kele jatqan basty faktor - búqara ekenine dau joq. Alayda osy tarihy qúbylystardy bel-gili bir kenistikte, geografiyalyq ortada, merzimde birde qúiyn soqqanday tezdetetin, birde su sepkendey bayaulatatyn memleket qayratkerleri, azattyq tuyn jelbiretken aibyndy batyrlar, danalyq pen ústamdylyqtyng arqau - ataqty biylerimiz» (J.Qasymbaevtyng sózi.-Z.T.) ekendigin osy oqighalardan kórip otyr-myz.

Qazaqtyng azattyq jolyndaghy kýresining tarihynda erekshe oryny bar Álihan Bókeyhanov bastaghan ýrkerdey jankeshti top-tyng aqyl-oyynan shyqqan qújattar býgingi úrpaqqa kóp jaghday-laryn maghlúmat beredi.

Petisiyalarda qaytalanyp kelip otyratyn ojdan bostandyghy diny mәseleleri men jer mәselesi býgingi úrpaqqa týsiniksiz boluy mýmkin ekendigin de eskereyik. HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghy, HH ghasyrdyng basynda Reseyding otarlau sayasaty mýlde qiynsyz әri qorqau sipat aldy. «Qazaq ólkesining mәdeny órkendeuine orystandyru sayasatynyng zalaly qanshalyq bolsa, qazaqtardy jerden aiyru sayasatynyng halyqtyng әl-auqatyna tiygizgen zala-ly sonshalyq boldy», degen qaghidany Jaqyp Aqbaev petisiyagha tegin jazbaghan.

Sonday-aq, songhy qújattaghy «...1903 jyly Petropavl, Pavlodar jәne Semey uezderinde belgili-belgili qazaqtardyng ýiine tintu jýrgizildi. Sonyng barysynda tartyp alynghan kitap-hanalar әli kýnge iyelerine qaytarylmay otyr. Ol-ol ma, Kókshe-tau uezining bedeldi qazaqtary Nauryzbay Talasov pen Shәimer-den Qosshyghúlov ózderining diny senim-nanymy ýshin alghashqysy Eniysey guberniyasyna, songhysy Yakut oblysyna jer audaryl-dy», degen joldargha zer salyp kóreyik.

Atap aitqanda, Semey uezinde 1903 jylghy sәuirding 25 kýni IbraHim Qúnanbayúlynyng (Abaydyn) ýii tintilgen bolatyn. Sol jerde uezd bastyghy Navroskiy akty jasap, Abaydyng bir sandyq qaghazdaryn, kitaptaryn alyp ketti. Keyin «Qaghazdar arab әrpimen jazylghan qoljazbalar, gazetter men jurnaldar, kitap-tar ekenin jәne olardan ýkimetke qarsy eshtene tabylmaghanyn» kórsetken Ombydaghy chinovnikter sol sandyqty qaytarmady. Osylaysha, úly oishyl әri aqynnyng bay múrasy, qoljazbalary joghalyp ketti. Qazaqtyng danalyq aqyl-oyyna, óneri men әde-biyetine orny tolmas núqsan keldi. Abaydyng bir sandyq qaghazy býginge deyin tabylghan joq.

Búl sandyq Kenes zamanynda da izdelmedi. Onyng basty sebebi - kezinde orys otarshylary Abaygha kýdikpen qarap, panislamist, pantýrkist degen jala japqanyna baylanysty dep oilaymyz. Kenes ýkimetining alghashqy jyldarynda qazaq ziyalylary Abaydyng qaghazyn izdemek, týgili, óz janymen qayghy boldy. Al bolishevik qazaq qayratkerler ýshin Abay әuelde kerek bolmaghany mәlim.

Abay atamyz bolsa, óz qaghazdarynyng sonyna týsken joq, oghan shamasy da kelmedi. Otbasynyng qayghysymen, auyr dertke dushar boldy. Ózi sodan keyin jylgha jetpey qaytys bolyp ketti.

Abaygha jabylghan jalany, onyng ýiining tintiluin, sandyq-tyng Ombygha әketilgenin zanger Jaqyp Aqbaev jaqsy bilgen. Oghan tolyq dәlelimiz bar.

1904 jylghy 8-mausymda J.Aqbaev Semey okrugtik sotyna qyzmetke barghan edi. Ózining jerlesi sanalatyn Abaydy búryn-nan biletin, qasiyetti el aghasy tútyp, syilaytyn azamat úly aqynnyng taghdyryna әkimshilik organdarynyng zansyz aralas-qanyn nege bilmesin! Bilgendikten, dәl jogharydaghyday sózderdi petisiyagha engizgen. Jaqyp Aqbaev Abaydyng dosy N.Konshinmen óte jaqyn, pikirles tilektestik qatynasta bolghan. 1906 jyly Omby okrugtik sotynyng kóshpeli alqasy Qarqaralygha kelip, ózining isin qaraghanda qorghaushylyqqa Jaqyp Aqbaev sol Kon-shindi shaqyrghany mәlim.

Ekinshiden, petisiyadaghy Nauryzbay Talasov dep atalghan adam - Kókshetaudaghy әigili ghúlama Nauan haziret edi. Kezinde haziretting tútqyndaluyna baylanysty Álihan Bókeyhanov dini, sayasy kózqarasy ýshin adamdardy Reseyding qughyndau sayasatyn synap, baspasóz betinde narazylyq bildirgen bolatyn. «Orys ýkimeti qarauyndaghy qazaq halqyn bauyryna jaqynyraq tartu ýshin Nauan haziretti jer audarghannan basqa eshtene oilap taba almady-au», degen uytty mysqyl Álekendiki.

Ýshinshiden, aty atalyp otyrghan Shәimerden Qosshyghúlov keyin Resey Dumasyna deputat bolyp saylanghan ýlken qayrat-ker, sayasatker dengeyine deyin jetken. Resey imperiyasynyng Peterburg atalatyn qaq jýreginde Ábdirashit Ibragimov ekeui qarajat qosyp, Dumanyng músylman fraksiyasynyng atynan 1907 jyly-aq oppozisiyalyq «Serke» gazetin shygharysqan osy Shәiken molla (el ishinde әli solay atalady). Gazetting birinshi sanyn shygharugha Mirjaqyp Dulatov pen ýlken oqymysty, jurnalist Dinmúhamet Súltanghazin qatysqan. «Serkenin» ekinshi sanyn jandarmdar tútqyndap, jauyp tastaghan. Sol jalghyz gazetting ózinde-aq, «Jastargha» degen ólen, «Bizding maqsattarymyz» degen bas maqala bastyrghan Mirjaqyp Dulatov Resey imperiyasynyng otarshyl sayasatyn óltire әshkerelegen bolatyn.

Shәimerden Qosshyghúlov 1903 jyldyng qysy men kókte-minde Semey syrtynda jatqan Abaygha, Bayanauyldaghy Shormanúly Sәduaqasqa taghy basqa el aghalary, iygi jaqsylargha hat jazghan. Aqyl-kenes súraghan. «Orystar jerimizdi aldy, tilimizdi aldy, endi dinimizge qol saldy. Ólgennen basqa nemiz qaldy, Ibrahim myrza! Bas qosayyq, býkil qazaq sezine jinalyp, aqyldasayyq», dep jazghan, sezding qarajat mәselesi turaly habarlaghan osy Shәimerden edi. Biraq, onyng ekinshi haty Abaydyng qolyna tiymegen, jandarmdar Arqattaghy poshtagha Abaydyng ózin alyp baryp, qol qoydyryp, hatty tartyp alghan.

Otarshyl ýkimetten zorlyqty kóp kórgen kýresker Sh.Qosshyghúlov Kenes ýkimetining de qorlyghyna úshyrady, aidaldy, týrmede otyrdy.

Mine, petisiyany múqiyat oqyghan adam osynday taghdyrlargha baylanysty oy týise eken deymiz. Proletariaty bolmaghan halyq óz azattygha ýshin kýrese almaydy, degen sandyraqty joqqa shygharatyn әngimeler osynday.

Osy oqighalargha qatysty zertteu enbekterinde, maqalarda Petisiyalardyng avtorlary turaly eshtene aitylmaydy. Al, múnday qújatty qalyng búqara nemese qol qoyghandar jazbay-tyny mәlim. Onday sharua asa bilimdi, zangha jetik, el jaghdayyn, memleket jýiesin jaqsy biletin mamandardyng qolynan ghana keledi. Petisiyalardy jazghan Jaqyp Aqbaev dep otyrghanda biz arhivtegi bir sózdi ghana («...bastapqy teksti Aqbaev jazghan» de-gen) tirek etip otyrghanymyz joq. J.Aqbaevtyng qoltanbasyn kó-rip, tekstegi maghlúmattardy avtordyng oidan shygharmaghanyn bi-reuden estip jazbaghanyn dәleldeu niyetindemiz.

Olay bolsa, ýshinshi petisiyada «1890 jyly Omby gimnaziyasy janyndaghy pansion jabylyp qaldy» degenge nazar auda-rayyq. Búl da Jaqyptyng óz basynan keshkeni. J.Aqbaev 1886 jyly Qarqaralydaghy internatty bitirip, 1889 jyly Omby gimnaziyasyna týsedi. 1890 jyly ol jabylyp qalghannan keyin basqalar oquyn tastap ketse de, Jaqang Tom gimnaziyasyna auy-syp, ony 1898 jyly bitirip shyqqany mәlim.

Al, Qarqaralydaghy J.Aqbaev oqyghan internat 1890 jyly jabylyp, auyl sharuashylyghy mektebine ainalghan. Ýkimetting múndaghy maqsaty «búratana» halyqtyng jastaryna jalpy bilim bermey, olardyng әri qaray oqugha jolyn tosyp, tar óristi qol-óner mektebimen shekteu bolatyn. Mine, ýkimetting osy qysas-tyghyn Jaqang óz basynan keshken song jazyp otyr.

Songhy petisiyanyng 6-bóliginde «Dalalyq erejenin» qazaq qoghamynyng tirshilik-túrmysyna say kelmeytindigi de tegin jazylmaghan. Onyng ishinde 120-bap erekshe kórsetilgen. 1891 jy-ly kýshine kirgen búl zang boyynsha «býkil qazaq jeri qazynaniki, qúny kesusiz, qazaq paydalana túrady. Eger qazynagha bir jer kerek bola qalsa, memleket sol jerdi eshtene tólemesten ózi ala beredi». Búdan artyq zorlyq bola ma? Tipti «Dala ualayaty» gazetining 1895 jylghy 38-sanynda jariyalanghan osy erejening týsindirmesinde bylay jazylghan: «126-statiya boyynsha jerdi jalgha beru jeke bir kisige búiyrghan joq, kóp qauymgha búiyr-ghan. Jәne jerdi jalgha alatyn kisisi orys bolsyn...». Yaghny qazaq ózi qystap-jaylap otyrghan jerdi basqa qazaqqa jalgha da bere almay-dy, tek orysqa bere alatyny bolghan ghoy.

Al endi, búl petisiyalardan qanday nәtiyje shyqty degennge keler bolsaq, qansha búratana sanaghanymen, impenriyanyng ózi 6,5 million qazaqpen sanasugha mәjbýr bolghan. Qújattar, manyzdy mәsele retinde Dala general-gubernatorynyng qúzyryna jiberilip, gubernator alqasynda arnayy qaralghan. Burokrattyq tilmen aitqanda, tiyisti sharalar jospary jasalghan, ol jóninde ótinish iyelerine habarlanghan». Qazaqtardyng petisiyalaryn talqylaghan mәjilisting qújattary qazir qolymyzda, keyinirek úsynu oida bar...

 

Ejelden últtyng belgisi - jer tútastyghy, tili, dini desek, sonyng bәri ayaqqa basylghanda, otarshyl qanday «meyirimdi әri adal» bolsa da, halyq bas kótermey otyra almaydy eken. Soghan kóz jetkizdik.

1905 jyly jazda Úly Qazaq dalasynyng qaq tósinde bas kóterip, tili shyqqan ardager kósemderimiz azattyq jolynda kýresting qúrbany bolyp ketti. Biraq, olardyng isi qaldy. Zor nәtiyjesi retinde Elimizding shanyraghynda kókbayraq jelbireydi. Soghan shýkirshilik...

Qoryta kelgende, Qarqaraly-Qoyandyda jazylyp, 6,5 million qazaq halqynyng erkin sayasy qújat retinde taratylghan búl Petisiyalardyng tarihy manyzy erekshe ekeni taghy da atap kórsetu qajet. Jәne sol qújattardyng 95 jyldyghynda, tipti, orayy kelip túrghan siyaqty.

Búlar, sayyp kelgende, bolashaq sayasy partiyanyng baghdar-lamalyq negizderi bolyp tabylady. Demek, «...1917 jylghy aq-pan revolusiyasynan keyin qúrylghan Alash partiyasynyng iydeya-lyq bastau kózderin birinshi orys revolusiyasy kezinen izdegen jón», degen tarihshy K.Núrpeyisovting batyl aitylghan pikiri kónilge qonymdy.

Búl tújyrymdy naqtylay týsetin bolsaq, 1905 jyldyng ayaghyndaghy emes, ortasyndaghy, sóz bolyp otyrghan petisiyalardy sayasy partiyanyng qaynar kózi dep alugha bolady. Keyin osy talap-aryzdarda jazylghandardyng bәri Alash partiyasy kýresining negizgi arnasy, Alashorda ýkimeti is-qimyldarynyng naqty baghdarlary retinde kóptegen qújattargha arqau boldy. Zang ghylymdarynyng doktory Múhtar Qúl-Múhammedting «Alash qayrat-kerleri sayasiy-qúqyqtyq kózqarastarynyng evolusiyasy jәne Jaqyp Aqbaev», Z.Tayshybaydyng «Jaqyp Aqbaev. Kýreskerlik ómirbayany» degen monografiyalarynda búl mәseleler jan-jaqty aitylghan.

 

 

Zarqyn Syzdyqúly Tayshybay, M.Qozybaev atyndaghy Soltýstik Qazaqstan memlekettik uniyversiytetining professory

"Abay-aqparat"

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[1] Ryskulov T. Izbrannye trudy, Alma-Ata, 1984. S.150

[2] Hasen Oraltay. Alash - Týrkistan týrkilerining últ-azattyq úrany. // «Azat» 1991, №8

[3] Bukeyhanov A. «Kirgizy» (Formy nasionalinogo dviyjeniya v sovremennyh gosudarstvah). Pod. red. A.IY.Kostlyanskogo, Peterburg, 1910, S.577-600; Bukeyhanov A. Kazahy o russkih do 1917 goda. Oksford, 1985. S.54

[4]Braynin S., Shafiro S., Ocherky po istoriy Alash-ordy. Pod.red. N.K.Vanag. Alama-Ata, 1935, S.17

[5] Áuezov M. Shygh. Elu tomdyq jinaghy. II tom, A.,1998.,67-bet.

[6] Qoygeldiyev M. Oyanghan sana ýni. // «Ana tili» 1990., 12-sәuir.