Jer komissiyasynyng nazaryna

Qazaq – qazaq bolghaly meninshe ýzdiksiz talqylanyp kele jatqan eng basty eki ýlken mәsele bar. Onyng birinshisi – El birligi bolsa, ekinshisi odan bólip qaraugha bolmaytyn – Jer býtindigi mәselesi. Tipti aldymen – Jer býtindigi, sodan song – El birligi desek te qatelespeytinimiz anyq. Óitkeni búl ekeui – adamnyng jany men tәni siyaqty.

1 gektargha salyq 70-aq tenge

Býgingi kýni qoghamda qyzu talqylanyp jatqan mәsele – Jerdi jalgha beru, satu-satpau, al týptep kelgende, ony el iygiligi ýshin dúrys, nәtiyjeli paydalanu, úrpaqtan-úrpaqqa kýtimdi, qúnarly kýiinde jetkizip otyru!   

Qazirge deyin ótken Qoghamdyq komissiyanyng birneshe otyrysynda jaqsy-jaqsy pikirler aityldy. Áriyne bәrin tizip shyghu mýmkin emes, biraq maghan Memleket jәne qogham qayratkeri Myrzatay Joldasbekov, Núr Otan partiyasy Tóraghasynyng birinshi orynbasary Múhtar Qúl-Múhammed, Mәjilis deputaty Vladislav Kosarev, «Rodina»  agrofirmasy JShS diyrektory Ivan Sauer, qogham qayratkeri Mereke Qúlkenov aitqan batyl pikirler únady. Kenesting Kókshetaudaghy otyrysynda tura qoyylghan súraqqa jeke menshiginde 80 myng gektar jeri bar ekenin jasyrmay tura jauap bergen Aqmola oblysynyng әkimi Sergey Kulaginge de rahmet! Sonday-aq osy otyrysta pay mәselesi de jaqsy aityldy.

Myrzatay aghamyz ben Múhtar Abrarúly  qazaq tarihynda jerding jekemenshikte bolghany jóninde naqty derekter keltirip, onyng qanday ról atqarghanyn dәleldep berdi. Mereke Qúlkenov Jerdi satugha mýlde qarsy ekenin bildirdi. Qart kommunist Vladislav Kosarev egistik jerding 1 gektaryýshin tólenetin salyqtyng 70-aq (!) tenge ekenin jalpaq elge jayyp saldy. Agrarshy Ivan Sauer auyl sharuashylyghyna bólinip jatqan milliardtaghan qarjynyng qan-talapay bolyp jatqanyn, halyqqa mәlimetti tolyq jetkizip, halyqtyng sózine qúlaq týru qajettigin aitty. Onyng oiynsha, sonda qalyng búqara tiyisti qorytyndy shygharady. Búl – Elbasynyng oiymen dóp keledi.

Endi әri qaray saraptayyq, Jer kodeksine songhy ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular ne ýshin engizilmek boldy?! Áriyne, jerdi el iygiligi ýshin tiyimdi paydalanyp, auyl sharuashylyghyn damytu, azyq-týlik qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etip, memleketimizding ekonomikalyq әleuetin nyghaytu maqsatynda! Al ol nege әlige deyin tiyimsiz paydalanylyp, tipti tozyp bara jatyr?! Búghan jauapty deputat Kosarevting sózinen tabugha bolady. Eger shamamen jylyna 20 million tonna astyq óndireletin soltýstik aimaqtaghy egistik jerding gektaryna tek 70-aq tenge salyq belgilengen bolsa, 80 myng gektar jerding salyghyn Sergey Vitalievich siyaqty alpauyttar, oghan túqym salmaghan kýnning ózinde, qaltasynan-aq tóley salady. Óitkeni onyng bir jyldyq salyghy bar-joghy 5,6 million tenge bolady, tek jerdi iyemdenip otyrsa bolghany. Al túqym salsa, odan ortasha 12-13 sentnerden astyq alyp, tonnasyn 100 dollardan satqannyng ózinde 2,5-3 milliard tenge tabys tabady! Onda tipti keremet, qazynagha bolmashy ghana salyq tólep, ózi mol paydagha keneledi. Búl tek bir ghana mysal, al  jýzdegen myng gektar jerdi paydalanyp otyrghan jeke túlghalar qansha?!

21 mln. 120 myng gektar jerdi kimder iyelenip otyr?

Búl súraqqa azyn-aulaq bolsa da jauap tabu ýshin Parlament Mәjilisining búrynghy deputaty Erasyl Ábilqasymov myrzanyng Ádilet ministrine,  Premier-Ministr men Bas prokurorgha joldaghan (2003 j.) deputattyq saualdaryna ýnileyik.

Aldymen Ádilet ministri G.Kimge saual joldap, elimizde 21 million 120 myng gektar (!) auylsharuashylyq maqsattaghy jerdi iyemdenip otyrghan 660 iri sharuashylyq bar ekenin, búl ortasha 32 myng gektardan tura keletinin, biraq olardyng artynda kimder túrghany belgisiz ekenin aitqan Ábilqasymov myrza 30 sharuashylyqty tizip kórsetip, olardyng qúryltayshylary, jarghylyq qorynyng kólemi, materialdyq-tehnikalyq bazasynyng bar-joqtyghy jóninde qúryltay qújattarymen tanystyrudy ótinedi. Sonyng negizinde Premier-Ministr men Bas  prokurorgha saual joldap:

1. Almaty qalasynda ornalasqan «Proton-Invest»  jәne  «Arman-N» JShS-leri Petropavl qalasynda «Golden Grain» agroóndiristik korporasiyasy» JShS-in qúryp, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda 144 myng gektar auylsharuashylyq maqsatyndaghy jerdi;

2. Elimizding әr ónirinen ýsh jeke túlgha birlesip qúrghan «Juldyz- N» JShS dәl osylay «Golden Grain Group» JAQ JShS-in qúryp (búl eki JShS-ning de zandy meken-jayy birdey – Petropavl qalasy, Teatralinaya kóshesi, 47 ekenine nazar audaru qajettigin ótinip), Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda 135 myn;

3. Dәl osylay «Petroleum Komplekt» (Almaty q-sy) jәne «Akmola-By M» (Astana q-sy) JShS-leri «Novomarkovka-Agro» JShS-in qúryp, olardyng qyzmeti kommersiyalyq-deldaldyq bolsa da Aqmola oblysynyng Ereymentau audanynda 50 myn;

4. I.A.Sauer Astana qalasynda «Agrosentr-Astana» JShS-in qúryp, ol «Bektau» JShS-ine qúryltayshy bolyp, Aqmola oblysynyng Shortandy audanynda 45,2 myn, sonday-aq «Yaltinskiy-2» JShS-in qúryp, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Selinnyy audanynda 30,3 myn;

5. T.E.Joldybaev «Taushyq» auyl sharuashylyghy» JShS-in qúryp, Manghystau oblysynyng Týpqaraghan audanynda 463,4 myn;

6.Astana qalasynda túratyn E.K.Iskakov «Agrofirma Aymaq» JShS-in qúryp, Aqmola oblysynyng Egindikól audanynda 57,5 myn;

7.Qostanaylyq A.V.Emeliyanov «Grand» JShS-in qúryp, onyng qyzmeti tek kommersiyalyq dep kórsetilse de Qostanay oblysynyng Feodorov audanynda 35 myn;

8. Almaty qalasynan S.A.Ahmetov azamat G.T.Fastpen birigip «Zolotoy kolos» JShS-in qúryp, Aqmola oblysynyng Shuchie audanynda 210 myn;

9. Almaty qalasynan S.A.Tereshenko  G.D.Kulaginamen (Aqmola oblysy әkimining júbayy) birigip «Selina-Agro» jәne "Selina-Agro-2» degen eki JShS qúryp, Aqmola oblysynyng Egindikól jәne Enbekshilder audanynda jalpy kólemi 50,4 myng jerdi paydalanyp otyrghandaryn aityp, olardyng jarghylyq qory nege 100 myng tengeden 711 million tengege deyin әrtýrli bolyp keletindigin, búl JShS-ler qalay jergilikti sharualardyng paylaryn iyemdenip alghanyn, oblys әkimining júbayy kýieui basqaratyn aimaqta eki JShS-ge qúryltayshy bolyp otyrghanynyng zandylyghyn, búl súraq elimizding ontýstik ónirlerinde de kóp jerdi iyemdenip otyr dep sanalatyn S.A.Tereshenko myrzagha da qatysty ekenin kórsetip, sheteldik ataularmen qúrylghan JShS, JAQ-tardyng artynda kimder túr, jerler maqsatqa say paydalanylyp, salyq tólenip jatyr ma, aqyrghy esepte búghan is jýzinde ayaday jersiz qalghan qarapayym halyq qalay qaraydy, nege búrynghy kenshar men újymsharlargha syrttaghy qaltalylar ýkimin jýrgizedi degen súraqtargha jauap berulerin ótinedi.

Óte oryndy, sauatty әri batyl qoyylghan búl súraqtardan kóp nәrseni angharugha, әsirese qarapayym halyqtyng jersiz, eli tәuelsiz bolghanmen olardyng bay-manaptargha, sonyng ishinde óz aulynan shyqqan emes, ózge ónirlerden, tipti kózge kórinbeytin ózge elderden shyqqan alpauyttargha tәueldi bolyp qalghanyn bayqau qiyn emes. Al ol jerler tiyimdi paydalanylyp jatyr ma, tiyisti salyq tólenip jatyr ma – búl da óte manyzdy. Taghy bir bayqalatyny, jerdi tek alpauyttar iyemdenip, auyldaghy qarapayym halyqtyng kópshiligi agrokәsipkerlikpen ainalysudan maqrúm qalghany der edim. Mýmkin, auylda kәsipkerlik damymay, auyl sharuashylyghynyng órge baspay otyrghandyghynyng basty sebebi de osynda shyghar! Eger halyq jappay kәsipkerlikpen ainalysatyn bolsa, biylikte otyrghan alpauyttar men qaltaly azamattardyng kәsibi paydasyz bolyp qalady ghoy! Sondyqtan bizde әli biyliktegilerding ózi kәsipkerlikting damuyna kedergi bolyp túrghanday. Al Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev: «Enbek etushi halyqtyng 60 payyzy shaghyn jәne orta bizneste júmys istegen kezde Qazaqstan túraqtylyqqa qol jetkizetin bolady» demep pe edi. Sonda ShOB-tyng ishki jalpy ónimdegi ýlesi de anaghúrlym artar edi...

Búl – býgingi ahual. Eger keleshekte de Sauer, Joldybaev, Iskakov, Emeliyanov, Ahmetov, Fast, Tereshenko, Kulagin siyaqty birneshe jýz adam shyghyp, әrqaysysy 100-500 myng gektarlap qúnarly jerlerdi jeke menshigine satyp ala berse jәne olar bir-birimen tútasyp jatsa, odan milliardtaghan tenge payda tauyp, qazynagha bolmashy ghana salyq tóleytin bolsa jaghday qanday bolmaq?! Elding birligine, Jerding býtindigine, Últtyq qauipsizdigimizge syzat týspey me?! Osydan song da Tәuelsiz Elimizding tizginin qolyna alghan Túnghysh Preziydentimizding memleket ortalyghyn Almatydan Astanagha kóshirgendegi kóregendigin, ishki-syrtqy kóshi-qon ýderisining baghytyn da soltýstikke qaray búrghanyn týsinbey kóriniz!.. Myrzatay aghamyz aitty ghoy, jerden aiyrylsa, qazaq ony elden aiyryldym dep týsinetindigin, jer dauynyng ghasyrlar boyy jalghasyp kele jatqandyghyn. Onyng ýstine qazaq tarihynda jer jeke bir baydyng emes, býkil rudyng menshiginde boldy desek qate bolmas. Osylay Jer – jeke adamnyng emes, olardyng ýlken bir qauymynyn, sol qauymda qansha adam bolsa, solardyng barlyghynyng ortaq menshigi bolyp kelgendigin bayqaymyz.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ata Zanynyng 6 bap, 3 tarmaghynda  «Jer jәne onyng qoynauy, su kózderi, ósimdikter men januarlar dýniyesi, basqa da tabighy resurstar memleket menshiginde bolady. Jer, sonday-aq zanda belgilengen negizderde, sharttar men shekterde jeke menshikte de boluy mýmkin» dep taygha tanba basqanday jazylghan. Búdan Jerding memleket menshiginde bolatynyn jәne ol shekti dengeyde ghana jeke menshikke berilui mýmkin ekenin úghamyz. Al «mýmkin» degen tújyrym jerdi satugha mindettemeydi! Jer satylghan jaghdayda da shekti mólsherde ghana satyluy mýmkin. Onda da basshylyqqa alatyn bir negiz, ústanym boluy kerek-aq. Meninshe, ol bylay boluy tiyis.

 Eger elimizdegi býkil jer – Memlekettin, demek Qazaqstan halqynyng ortaq menshigi desek,  onda konstitusiyalyq tenqúqyqtylyq negizinde әr túrghynnyng ýlesine tiyetin jer mólsheri de teng bolady. Qazirgi jaghdayda әngime negizinen auylsharuashylyq maqsattaghy jer jóninde bolghandyqtan,  100 million gektar jerdi 18 million túrghyngha bólsek, әrqaysysyna shamamen  5,5 gektardan tura keledi. Demek, jer satylatyn jaghdayda osy shekten asugha bolmaydy!  

Sondyqtan múny jeti ghana emes, jetpis ret ólshep, asyqpay, aptyqpay, dýrlikpey, dauryqpay Ata Zang negizinde, bizding basty ústanymymyz – El birligi, Jer býtindigi, býgingi últtyq iydeyamyz – Mәngilik El bolu túrghysynan, qazaqtyng menshiginde mәngilikke qalatyn, mәngilikke sol Elding iygiligine jarap, tәuelsizdikting negizi – onyng ekonomikalyq, últtyq qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu túrghysynan sheshuimiz tiyis! Jerdi jeke menshikke satsaq, tek zauyt, fabrika, óndeu kәsiporyndaryn, qyzmet kórsetu nysandaryn, әleumettik nysandar salamyn deytin Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamattaryna ghana 5 gektardan aspaytyn mólsherde satugha bolady dep oilaymyn. Al, jayylym, shabyndyq jerlerdi, su qoymalary ornalasqan aumaqtardy, qazba baylyq kenishterin satugha mýlde tyiym salu kerek. Investisiya salamyn deushiler bolsa, onda da tek Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamattaryna, jerdi emes, tek belgili bir merzimge onyng belgili bir kólemin paydalanu qúqyghyn ghana satugha bolady dep esepteymin.

Jerdi satpay-aq, ony tiyimdi, tozdyrmay paydalanugha bolady

 Sonday-aq jerdi satyp alghan jeke adamdar nemese jalgha alghan újymdar osy ústanym negizinde Ata Zannyng 6 bap, 2 tarmaghynda aitylghan: «Menshik mindet jýkteydi, ony paydalanu sonymen qatar qogham iygiligine de qyzmet etuge tiyis» degen konstitusiyalyq talap negizinde belgili mólsherdegi adamdy júmyspen, sol  arqyly tabyspen qamtamasyz etui tiyis. Aytalyq, jer әr adamgha 5 gektardan tura keledi, әr otbasynda – ortasha 5 adam, onyng asyraushysy – 1 adam desek, 5-ti 5-ke kóbeytsek 25-ke teng bolady. Demek jer iyelenushi әr 25 gektar jer ýshin kem degende 1 adamdy júmyspen qamtugha mindetti boluy tiyis. Mysaly, Kulagin myrza tek óz menshigindegi 80 myng gektar jerge 3200 adamdy júmysqa tartuy jәne olardy tiyisti jalaqymen qamtamasyz etui kerek. Basqalar da solay. Sonda auyldaghy, tipti qaladaghy  júmyssyzdyq ta óz-ózinen joghalady.  Al, azyp-tozyp bara jatqan jerimizdi tiyimdi paydalanu, auyl sharuashylyghyn damytu mәselesin meninshe jerdi satpay-aq sheshuge bolady. Qalay, deysiz ghoy. Ol ýshin:

1. Memlekettik-jeke menshiktik әriptestik negizinde jerdi jalgha beru arqyly úsaq jeke jәne sharua qojalyqtaryn irilendirip, auylsharuashylyq óndiristik kooperativterin úiymdastyru, suarmaly jerlerdi sumen qamtamasyz etetin irrigasiyalyq jýieni tolyq qalpyna keltirip, susharuashylyq nysandaryn tolyqtay memleket menshigine qaytaru, auyldyq jerlerde óndeu ónerkәsibin damytu, sonyng ishinde eksportqa baghyttalghan ónim óndirudi qolgha alu arqyly júmys oryndaryn eselep kóbeytu;

2. Auyl sharuashylyghyna jenildikpen bólinip jatqan milliardtaghan qarjynyng diqan-sharualargha tolyq jetuin qatang qamtamasyz etip, tiyimdi iygeriluin (al bizde jetpegenimen túrmay, trilliondaghan tengening iygerilmey jatqany juyrda ghana Parlamentting birlesken otyrysynda aityldy), janadan qúrylyp jatqan kooperativterding jedel ayaqqa túruyna memlekettik yqpal etu, auyl sharuashylyghynda óndiriletin azyq-týlik ónimderin tiyimdi baghada, deldaldarsyz túraqty ótkizu jýiesin qúru;

 3. Auylsharuashylyq maqsattaghy jerlerding kadastrlyq qúnyn birneshe ese, al suarmaly jәne basqa da egistik jerlerden alynatyn salyq kólemin keminde on ese kóterip, qazynagha týsetin kiristi kýrt kóbeytu;

4. Auyl túrghyndaryn, basqa da azamattardy egin salu, kókónis ósiru, mal sharuashylyghymen, óndeu ónerkәsibimen ainalysyp, agrokәsipkerlikke qúlshyndyratyn pәrmendi aqparattyq nasihat jýrgizu, 5-6 payyzdan aspaytyn jenil nesiye, tiyimdi demeuqarjymen qamtamasyz etu;

5. Auyl sharuashylyghyna qajetti mamandardy kolledjderde tegin oqytyp, joghary oqu oryndaryna bólinetin granttardy kóbeytu, joghary synyp oqushylary men studentterding enbek otryadtaryn úiymdastyru arqyly óskeleng úrpaqty enbekke baulu, auyldyq jerlerde jasap, enbek etuge, bәsekege qabiletti, ekologiyalyq taza azyq-týlik ónimderin óndiruge  yntalandyru...

Búlardyng barlyghy týptep kelgende Elbasy algha qoyghan keshendi mindetterdi – Jalpygha ortaq enbek qoghamyn qúru, orta jәne shaghyn kәsipkerlikti damytu, azyq-týlik qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu, eng damyghan otyz elding qatarynan oryn alu, júmyssyzdyqty jong, qoghamdaghy túraqtylyqty, azamattardyng biylikke degen senimin nyghaytu, týptep kelgende tәuelsizdikti túghyrly etip, Mәngilik El boluday eng úly múratymyzgha jetuding berik negizderin qalaytyny sózsiz!

Áriyne, biraz adam auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy jerding kadastrlyq qúny men  salyqty kóteru qajettigin tolyq maqúldamauy mýmkin. Biraq birinshiden, dәl osy jaghday jekelegen adamdardyng birneshe jýz myndaghan gektar jerdi iyemdenip, milliondaghan gektar jerding azyp-tozyp bara jatqanyna negizgi sebep bolyp otyrghanyn týsinuleri kerek. Ekinshiden, búryn gektaryna 70-aq tenge tólep, milliardtap tabys tauyp otyrghan jer paydalanushy ýshin 700 tenge onsha auyr  emes jәne ol endi jerdi tiyimdirek paydalanugha mýddeli bolady. Tabys salyghy, qosylghan qún salyghy turaly búl jerde әngime joq, meyli ol búrynghy kýiinshe qala bersin. Sonda auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy enbek ónimdiligi eselep artyp, óndiris kólemi kýrt kóbeyetin bolady. Qazir orta eseppen 40-50 payyz azyq-týlik ónimderi importtalatynyn eskersek, olardy satyp alu ýshin syrtqa ketip jatqan aqshanyng bәri el ishinde qalyp, qarjy tapshylyghy azayady, inflyasiya tómendeydi, últtyq valutamyzdyng qúny artady, azyq-týlik baghasy arzandaydy.

Toqsan sózding týiini – jerdi iri kólemde satugha asyqpau kerek!  Sondyqtan halyqtyng sanasyna «jerdi satyp al» degendi kýshtep sinirmegen jón. Búl mәselede aty anyzgha ainalghan Alasha hannyng shóberesi Oghyz hannyn: «Jer – jalghyz bizding mýlkimiz emes, mazarlarda jatqan atalarymyzdyng da, qiyamet-qayymgha deyin tuylatyn әuletterimizding de búl mýbәrәk topyraq ýstinde haqylary bar» degen ósiyetin eshqashan esten shygharmauymyz kerek! Mýmkin, bayaghy kenes kezindegi siyaqty  «bólip al da biyley ber» degen ústanymmen búl mәseleni kýn tәrtibine shyghartyp otyrghan da әlgi alpauyttar shyghar, kim bilsin! Al olardyng arasynda qandastargha qaraghanda qany basqalar, halyqtyng qamyn oilaytyndardan góri qara basynyng qamyn kýitteytinder kóp degen kýdik basym mende. Kýdikti mәselege eshqashan tәuekel etuge bolmaydy! «Jer – adamnyng besigi, El – baqyttyng esigi» deydi dana halqymyz. Besigimizdi bólshektep, baqytymyzdyng esigin óz qolymyzben jauyp almayyq, aghayyn!

Qútmaghambet QONYSBAY, Mәdeniyet qayratkeri

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