Qazaq memleketining qalyptasuy jәne damuy negizinen auyl ómirimen tikeley baylanysty. Auyl boluy ýshin onyng tirligin payymdaytyn әrtýrli jaghdaylar qajet. Búrynghy zamandarda kóshpeli qazaq halqynyng tirshiligi kóbinese mal ósiru men ony paydalanu mýmkinshiligine baylanysty boldy. Qazirgi naryqtyq ekonomika qoghamynda auyl bolashaghy әlemdik ózgeristerge sәikes kóptegen faktorlardyn, yaghny tabighiy-klimat jaghdayy, demografiyalyq, sayasiy-әleumettik, óndiristik-ekonomikalyq, halyqtyng túrmys dengeyi jәne taghy basqalardyng әserimen anyqtalady. Elimiz tәuelsizdik alghannan beri Ýkimet auyldy damytugha jәne auyldyq eldi mekenderdi kórkeytuge kóp kónil bólude. 

"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetining jazuynsha, elimizde 2004-2010 jyldargha arnalghan auyl aimaqtaryn damytudyng memlekettik baghdarlamasy qabyldanyp jýzege asyryldy. Baghdarlama ayasynda auyldyq eldi mekenderdi (AEM) әleumettik-ekonomikalyq dengeyin siy­pat­taytyn ólshemder boyynsha jikteu jýr­gizil­di. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde 2003 jyly elimiz­degi 7660 eldi meken tórt topqa bólindi:

1) damu әleueti joghary 1062 auyldyq eldi meken (13,9% ) – túrghyndardyng sany 1,6 mln adam;

2) damu әleueti ortasha 5664 AEM (73,9%) – túrghyndary 5,3 mln adam;

3) damu әleueti tómen 776 AEM (10,1%) – túrghyndary shamamen 300 myn;

4) ekologiyalyq jaghdayy asa qolaysyz 22 AEM (0,3%) – túrghyndary shamamen 10 myn;

5) túrghyn halqy týgeldey kóship ketken 136 eldi meken bolghan.

Nәtiyjesinde, 2008 jyldyng sonynda elimizde 7093 auyldyq eldi meken tirkelgen, búl 2004 jylghy jýrgizilgen saraptamagha qaraghanda 419 AEM kem. Biraq damu әleueti joghary AEM sany 1269-gha ósip, damu әleueti damuy tómen jәne túrghyndary joq AEM azayghan. Búl qúbylys songhy jyldary erekshe biline bastady. Elimizde auyldyq eldi mekenderding sany kýrt azayyp, demografiyalyq jaghdayy syrtqy jәne ishki kóshi-qon saldarynan tómendep barady. Kóshi-qonnyng negizgi baghyttary: Qazaqstannan basqa elderge, auyldyq eldi mekenderden audan ortalyqtaryna jәne qalalargha ketu, kórshi shekaralas jәne shalghay auyldardan ýlken eldi mekenderge qaray qonys audaru ýderisi jalghasyp jatyr. Mysaly, 2012-2014 jyldary aralyghynda statistikalyq derekterge sәikes, bizding elden basqa memleketterge 83053 adam ketip, 69191 adam ghana kelgen, yaghny syrtqy kóshi-qon salidosy – minus 13862 adam. Sarapshylardyng baghamdaulary boyynsha, úly kóshte ishki migrasiyalyq aghymnyng (auyldan qalagha) ýlesi tym joghary (70 payyz shamasynda). Nәtiyjesinde auyldyq eldi mekenderdin, әsirese, shekaralyq jәne shalghay auyldardyng túrghyndar sany azayyp, olardyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdaylary tómendep ketken.

Sondyqtan 2013-2014 jyldar aralyghynda auyl aimaqtarynyng damuyn baghalau jәne eldi mekenderdi janadan jikteu ýshin olardyng barlyghynyng óndiristik, әleumettik jәne injenerlik infraqúrylymdaryna tolyq esepteu jýrgizildi. Osy júmystyng nәtiyjesinde jәne 2020 jylgha deyingi aimaqtardyng damu baghdarlamasy negizinde, Últtyq ekonomika ministrligi 2016 jyldyng 2 aqpan kýngi sheshimimen barlyq auyldyq eldi mekenderdi ózderining әleumettik-ekonomikalyq әleuet­terining damu barysyna (joghary, orta, tómen) sәikes tórt topqa bólinedi. Olar: audan orta­lyqtary, tirek auyldyq eldi punktter, auyl­dyq jәne poselkelik okrugterding ortalyq mekenjaylary jәne basqa AEM.

Qazirgi kezde elimizde auyldyq aumaqtar­da 7,6 million halyq túrady (2015 j.). Naqty tirkelgen AEM sany – 6936, onyng ishinde әleumettik dengeyi joghary – 1310 (18,9 % ), orta 5192 (74,6 %) adam bar ekeni anyqtalghan. Qalghandarynyng әleumet­­tik dengeyi tómen deuimiz kerek. Ákimshilik biyligi boyynsha 119 auyldyq eldi mekender audan­­dardyng ortalyqtary, 2182 auyldyq jәne poselkelik okrugterding ortalyq meken­jay­lary bolyp esepteledi. Audan orta­lyq­tary men tirek auyldyq eldi mekender bola­shaqta ekonomikalyq damudyng negizin qalaydy, olar qala men auyldyng ózara ekono­mikalyq, әleumettik, mәdeniyet jәne demo­grafiyalyq baylanystaryn jaqsartady dep kýtilude. Elimizding birtútas «Aymaqtardy damytu» baghdarlamasyna sәikes olardyng әrqaysysy ekonomikanyng damu jәne óndiristi janghyrtudyn, shaghyn jәne orta biznesti qoldau joldaryn, әleumettik jәne injenerlik infraqúrylym obektilerin, túrghyn ýiler salu, sonymen qatar, memlekettik, qarjylyq, servistik jәne basqalay qyzmetter kórsetu jýiesin qalyptastyratyn keshendi damu jos­parlaryn jasap iske asyrulary kerek.

Degenmen, statistikalyq derekter boyynsha, eseptegi auyldyq eldi mekenderding jartysynan astamynda túratyn halyq sany olardyng әrqaysysynda 500-den aspaytyn kórinedi. Yaghni, osynday shaghyn eldi mekenderde auyl halqynyng 9,7 payyzy nemese 732,7 myng adam ómir sýrude. Kóbinese búl auyldar elimizding shekaralyq jәne shalghay audandarynda kezdesedi. Mysaly, Qaraghandy oblysyndaghy Aqtoghay audanynyng ortalyghy men oblys ortalyghynyng ara qashyqtyghy – 250 shaqyrym, al audandaghy 34 auyldyq eldi mekenderining 14 auyly audan ortalyghynan 65 shaqyrymnan 360 shaqyrymgha deyin alysta ornalasqan. Audandaghy 10 eldi mekende, yaghny 29,4 payyzynda túratyn halyqtyng sany 100 adamnan aspaydy, olardyng kýnkóris jәne túrmys dengeyi eshbir syn kótermeydi. Elimizde osynday alys shekaralyq jәne shalghay audandardyng sany 20-dan asady. Olardaghy «shyqpa janym, shyqpamen» otyrghan auyldar jýzdep sanalady. Olardyng tabighi-ekono­mika­lyq jaghdaylary qiyn, túrghyndardyng túrmys dengeyi tómen, sayasiy-ruhani, mәdeniy-sport sharalary degendi bilmeydi.

Qazirgi kezde әlemde jәne oghan sәikes elimizde de barlyq ónimder men tauarlardyng baghalary, qyzmet kórsetu tarifteri toqtausyz qymbattauda. Songhy bes jylda múnay ónim­derining tómendeuine qaramastan, auyl sharua­shylyghy ónimderi men azyq-týlik baghalary eki eseden artty. Tipti, biylghy jartyjyldyqtyng ózinde, resmy statistikalyq derekterge say, qanttyng baghasy 30 payyzgha, jarmalardyng baghasy 23 payyzgha, al birinshi sortty biday únynan pisiriletin nannyng qúny 18 payyzgha ósken.

Osynday jaghdayda elimizdegi halyqtyng kýnkóris jәne túrmys dengeyine erekshe mәn berilgeni dúrys. Bizding elde eng tómengi kýnkóris dengeyi 2002 jylghy tútynu sebeti negizinde anyqtalghan. Onyng qúramyna negizgi azyqtyq 43 týrli tamaq ónimderi (60%) jәne әrbir adamgha qajetti óndiristik tauarlar men qyzmetter (40%) kiredi. Damyghan elderde tómengi kýnkóris qúramyna kiretin tamaq ónimderining mólsheri 40 payyzdy, al basqa tauarlar men qyzmetter 60 payyzdy qúraydy. Ózderining baghalaryna sәikes eng tómengi kýnkóris dengeyining aqshalay mólsheri jyl sayyn ózgerip otyrady (2009 jyly – 13717 tenge, 2011 j. – 15999 tenge, 2016 j. – 22859 tenge). Kórshiles Reseyde múnday kórsetkish 7000 rubli shamasynda, nemese 37100 tenge mólsherinde. Statistikalyq derekter boyynsha, 2015 jyly tabystary eng tómengi kýnkóris dengeyinen tómen ýy sharuashylyqtarynyng ýlesi auyldyq aumaqtarda 4,4 payyzgha jetken, al qalalyq sharuashylyqtarda ol 2,7 payyzdan aspaydy. Odan da kedey túrghyndar bar. Elimizde kedeylik shegi eng tómengi kýnkóris dengeyining 40 payyz mólsherimen (9143 tenge) anyqtalady. Osy dengeydegi túrghyndardyng ýlesi respublika boyynsha 0,3 payyzdy qúraydy. Onyng ishinde Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda – 0,8% , Aqmola oblysynda – 0,5% , Atyrau oblysynda 0,1% .

Auyldyq eldi mekenderding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdayy, olardyng túrghyndary men mekteptegi oqushylar sany ózara tyghyz baylanysty. Biylghy jyldyng mausym aiynda «Aq jol» QDP parlamenttik fraksiyasynyng bir top deputaty Premier-Ministrding atyna saual joldap, onda birqatar aimaqtar boyynsha shekaralyq auyldardaghy mektepterding jaghdaylaryna baylanysty ótkir mәseleler kótergen bolatyn. Biz de ol úsynystardy qol­daymyz. Mektepterdegi oqushylar men synyptar sany jyldan jylgha azayghan sayyn olargha sәikes bólinetin qarjy kólemi de, múghalimder men tәrbiyeshiler de azaya beredi, bilim sapasy tómendeydi. Mysaly, atalghan audannyng Qyzylaray, Núrken jәne taghy sol siyaqty auyldyq okrugterinde 2016 jyly 11 synypty 3-5 oqushydan ghana bitirdi.

Bizding oiymyzsha, shekaralyq jәne shalghay audandardyng strategiyalyq jәne әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdaylaryn eskere otyryp, olargha erekshe mәrtebe berip, memlekettik qoldau­dy kýsheytken dúrys. Áytpese, bola­shaqta iyesiz qalghan jerge qyzyghushylar da, aran­datushylar da kóbeiyi mýmkin.

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