Ghylymiy-tehnikalyq negizge sýienip shygharma jazudyng has sheberi, ataqty qiyalger jazushy Juli Vern HIH ghasyrda jazghan jiyrma shaqty romanynda jýzden astam boljam úsynghan. Onyng qiyaldarynyng kóptegen bóligi HH ghasyrda jýzege asyrylghany tarihtan mәlim. Álem oqyrmandaryna aty mәshhýr Juli Vernnen song aragha qyryq jylday uaqyt salyp aghylshyn jerinde dýnie esigin ashqan Herbert Uelis onyng tikeley múrageri ispetti izin basty. Uelis HH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyna deyingi aralyqta qalyng oqyrmanyn tamsandyrghan 20 roman jazdy. Sonyng ishindegi eng әigilisi osydan túp-tura 110 jyl búryn jaryqqa shygharylghan "Ghalamsharlar soghysy"  degen kitaby bolatyn. Herbert Uelis te dәl Juli Vern sekildi әr romanynda qiyal ghajayyp oilardy ortagha saldy. Onysynyng kóbi sol kezende shyndyqqa ainalghan bolsa, keybiri HHI ghasyrdyng enshisine qalyp býginde jýzege asyp jatqan kórinedi.

Ghylymiy-tehnikalyq negizge sýienip shygharma jazudyng has sheberi, ataqty qiyalger jazushy Juli Vern HIH ghasyrda jazghan jiyrma shaqty romanynda jýzden astam boljam úsynghan. Onyng qiyaldarynyng kóptegen bóligi HH ghasyrda jýzege asyrylghany tarihtan mәlim. Álem oqyrmandaryna aty mәshhýr Juli Vernnen song aragha qyryq jylday uaqyt salyp aghylshyn jerinde dýnie esigin ashqan Herbert Uelis onyng tikeley múrageri ispetti izin basty. Uelis HH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyna deyingi aralyqta qalyng oqyrmanyn tamsandyrghan 20 roman jazdy. Sonyng ishindegi eng әigilisi osydan túp-tura 110 jyl búryn jaryqqa shygharylghan "Ghalamsharlar soghysy"  degen kitaby bolatyn. Herbert Uelis te dәl Juli Vern sekildi әr romanynda qiyal ghajayyp oilardy ortagha saldy. Onysynyng kóbi sol kezende shyndyqqa ainalghan bolsa, keybiri HHI ghasyrdyng enshisine qalyp býginde jýzege asyp jatqan kórinedi.

Alayda, eki jazushynyng úqsastyghymen qatar shygharmalarynyng nysanynda eleuli aiyrmashylqtary kezdesedi. Aytalyq, Juli Vern múhiyt, teniz, alys jol saparlar men sayahattar taqyrybyna asa den qoyyp qalam tartsa, Herbert Uelis qaqtyghystardy, soghys tehnikalarynyng bolashaghyn kóbirek beyneledi. Álem oqyrmandary býginde Herbert Uelis tuyndylaryn "Kórinbeytin adam" (1897) "Ghalym Moronyng araly" (1896) romandary arqyly kóbirek tanidy. Al, onyng taqyrybynyng aumaghy shyn mәninde óte keng bolghanyn atap aitu lәzim. Uelis kóbinese, avtokólik, shynjyr taban tankiler, sýnguir qayyqtar, úshaqtar, shaytan arba, telefon, әue sharlary sekildi tehnikalyq qúrylghylardyng bolashaghyn boljady. Sonymen qatar әlemdi sharpuy yqtimal soghys órtterin, tipti ózge ghalamsharlarmen arada ótui mýmkin shayqastardy da qiyal eleginen ótkizip qalam terbedi. Taghy bir qyzyghy, shang sorghysh, as ýy qúraldary sekildi әdettegi túrmystyq zattardyng da bolashaqta qanday bolatyndyghyn aldyn ala boljap jazyp ketti.

Amerikandyq tarihshy Pol Krabtriyding mәlimdeuinshe, Uelisting shygharmalary jaryqqa shyqqan tústa zaty túrmaq aty beymәlim bolghan kóp dýniyelerding keyin 80 payyzy oryndalugha mýmkindik tapsa, dәl 60 payyzy jýzege asyrylghan kórinedi. Pol Krabtriyding zertteuining nәtiyjesinen belgili bolghany, onyng qiyalynyng 20 payyzy mýlde negizsiz oryndalmas arman retinde qarastyrylghan. Alayda, ony oryndalmaydy degennen góri әzirshe uaqyty kelmegen, aldaghy uaqyttyng enshisindegi dýniyeler dese bolatyn sekildi. Sebebi, atalmysh 20 payyz negizinen gumanitarlyq ghylymdargha arnalghan eken. Pol Krabtry óz zertteuinde Uelisting úsynghan "býkilәlemdik birtútas memleket qúru turaly" qiyalyn oryndalmaytyn esh negizsiz payym dep tanyghan. Oghan men de sengim keledi. Negizsiz bolghany-aq jón bolar edi. Alayda, ýlken ókinishke qaray úly jazushy kóz júmarynan bir jyl búryn (1946) BÚÚ-nyng qúryluy keleshektegi "Býkil adamzatqa ortaq ýkimet ornynyn" qúrsaqta payda bolghan «bir tamshy suy» emes pe eken?  HH ghasyrdyng kelesi jartysynan bastap kýsheye týsken jahandanu prosesi býginde tipti kәrine minip alghany sonshalyq, keshe ghana qapersiz jatqan qazaq dalasyn da dýr silkindirip jatqan joq pa. Sayasatkerlerimizding ózi jahandanu sózin auyzdan tastamaytyn jaghdaygha keldi. Óstip jýrgende, kýnderding bir kýninde "Álem parlamenti" jer-jihangha jar salyp, jersharyndaghy әr el bir-bir okrugke ainalyp, «deputattaryn» úsyna bastamasyna kim kepil. Jahandanudyng bir qyryna ýnilip kórsek, sony kórgendey bolamyz. Alayda, siz meni qaydaghy jaman yrymdy nege byqsytyp otyrsyng dep sóguge asyqpay-aq qoyynyz. «Jaman aitpay jaqsy joq» deytin qazaqpyz ghoy.

Qalay desek te, Herbert Uelisting qiyaly tyghyryqqa tirelgen joq, kerisinshe, jýzege asu uaqytyn kýtip túr ma eken degen jaman oy sanamda sumanday beredi. Sonday-aq, úly jazushynyng qiyaldaghan «demokratiyadan tehnokratiyagha auysu» jayyndaghy oilaryn jýzege aspaytyn dýniyege balaytyndar óte kóp.  Qaydam. Búl túrghydan kelgende, basqany aitpaghannyng ózinde qazaq akademik Asqar Júmadildaevty tyndasaq ta jetip jatyr. Rasynda, búl ózi qalay bolar eken dep oilanyp qalamyz.

Batys әlemi tehnokratiyagha bet búryp ta ketti. Demokratiyalyq rejim tehnika men tehnologiyanyng biyik shynyna jaqyndaghan sayyn tehnokratiyanyng ýstemdik qúruy zandylyq sekildi kórinedi de túrady. Adam balasy oilap tauyp, qolmen  jasaghan kompiuterining ózi aqyl, oiymyzdy jolda qaldyrarlyqtay әleuetti kýshke ainalyp bara jatqan joq pa. Herbert Uelis ony "jetildirilgen qoghamda (kompiuterizasiya, kiybernetizasiya, robotizasiya) sauatsyz júmysshy degen atymen bolmaydy» - dep týsindirgen. XXI ghasyrdyng ónerkәsibin bilikti injener, tehnolog mamandardyng ghana jýrgize alatyndyghyn eskersek, Uelisting qiyalyna kýmәn keltiruding esh negizi bolmay qalady.

Alayda, qatelespeytin pende bolmaytyndyghyn Uelis taghy kórsetip ketti. Qansha jerden dana qiyalshyl bolsa da onyng keybir oilarynyng ay dalagha ketken tústary da barshylyq. Aytalyq, «әielderding ýy sharuasynan aspay qalatyndyghy turasyndaghy» Herbert Uelisting qiyaly  oryndalmady. Ol HH ghasyrda ómir sýrgen britandyq azamat, úly qiyalger bolsadaghy Margarit Tetcher degen «temir әieldin» óz elin basqaratyndyghyn, ghasyrlar toghysynda әlemdik sayasatqa eleuli yqpal etetindigin týsinde de kórgen joq. Germaniya syndy Batys demokratiyasy damyghan elderdi aitpaghannyng ózinde Ýndistan, Seylon, Týrkiya, Pәkistan syndy shyghys memleketterining joghary biyligine tómen etektilerding qol jetkizetinin sol kezde bireu aitsa, oghan tipti Uelisting ózi de senbegen bolar edi.

Herbert Uelis 1920 jyly Kenes odaghyna saparlap, úly tónkerisshil túlgha Vladimir Leninmen kezdesip, «Ala kólenkedegi Resey» atty kitap jazghan. Onda da ol kenestik qoghamnyng úzaq túratyndyghyna senbedi. Reseydi týn qaranghylyghy jamylyp kele jatqanday elestetken jazushy Lenin jayyndaghy essesin «Kremli qiyalgeri» dep ataghan. Qoghamdyq damudyng zandylyghy túrghysynan kelgende, Leninning armany jazushyny sendire almady. Jalpy fantast jazushylar ghylym, tehnika, tehnologiya salasynda qamshy saldyrmasa da qoghamdyq ghylymnyng damuy jaghyna kelgende mardymdy eshteme úsyna qoymaydy. Uelis te sol izben jýrdi. Býginge deyin gumanitarlyq salada Sen Simon, Sharli Furie nemese Tomaz Kampanelladan ozghan utopist tuyp shygha qoyghan joq.

Resey jayyndaghy Uelisting kóp oilary shyndyqty dóp basa almady. «Tayaudaghy on jylda Kenes odaghy qytay jerinde sayasy biyligin ornatady» degenining oryndalmas qiyal ekenin býgin kórip otyrmyz. «Resey qazirgi qatang rejiymining saldarynan Batys elderining kóshinen kóp artta qalady» dep sanady. Alayda, kenes eli әlemde alghash ret gharyshqa adam balasyn úshyryp olardyng aldyna shyghyp ketti. Múny úly qiyalger boljay almady. Sóite túra ghalamsharlar (planeta) arasyndaghy soghys jayynda býtindey bir roman jazghanyn qaytersiz. Onday soghystyng betin ary qylsyn, әzir bola qoyghan joq. Degenmen, gharyshty iygeru salasyndaghy adam balasynyng iri jetistikterining nәtiyjesinde Ay nemese Marsta óz iyelegin qúrmaqqa bәseke barshylyq. Keyin qyza kele týrli qayshylyqtar tuyndauy mýmkin. Onday jaghdayda ghalamsharlar aralyq soghys bolmasa da jer sharyndaghylar aidy bólise almay ózara taytalasuy әbden yqtimal. Sonymen qatar «HH ghasyrda alyp Resey batys jәne shyghys degen eki jikke bólinedi,  slavyandardyng býiregi Batys Europagha qaray búrady» degeni qazirgi Reseyding ahualyna sәl de bolsa kelinkireytin sekildi.

«Qiyaldar» kitabynda Uelis damyghan elderding bolashaghy jayyn bayandaghan. Olardyng túrghyndaryn tórt iri topqa bóledi. Birinshisi, baylar, aksiya paket iyeleri, bank qojayyndary. Olar sayasatqa aralaspaydy, el aldynda eshbir jauapkershilikti moyyndaryna almaydy. Ekinshisi, óndirushi toptar, olar bilikti mamandar. Bilimdarlyqtarynyng arqasynda әleumetting iygiligi ýshin ghylymy janalyqtar ashady, jana qúraldar jasaydy. Ýshinshisi, ónim óndirmeytin, menedjmentpen, qarjyny bólumen ghana shúghyldanatyndar. Olar sauda-sattyqpen, sayasatpen ainalyspaydy. Tórtinshisi, tómengi top yaghni, bilimsiz nadan tobyrlar. Mehanikalandyru men avtomattandyrudyng saldarynan júmyssyz qalghandar. Osy toptaghylardyng arasynan úry-qarylar, qylmystyq elementter tuady dep  boljaghan.

Úly qiyalger adam balasyn gendik, tektik jaghynan tazartudy armandady. Túqym qualaytyn nauqasqa shaldyqqandar, aqyl esi kemister, maskýnemder, nashaqorlardyng qoghamda bolatyndyghyn moyyndaghan Uelis eger ondaylar әleumettik qamqorlyqtardy kótere almay qylmystyq jolgha týsse ayamay jazalaudy, tipti kózderin qúrtu arqyly ómirdi tazartudy óz tuyndylarynda úsyndy. Bolashaq memleketter qylmyskerlerdi asyrau ýshin esh kinәsiz adal adamdardy týrmening kýzetine, baqylaushysyna, qyzmet kórsetushige ainaldyrugha nege mýddeli boluy kerek degen bolatyn avtor. Uelis te ózge myndaghan jazushylar sekildi moralidyq tazalyqty qasterledi. Alayda, әli kýnge deyin ókinishke qaray adam balasy ar tazalyghyn saqtamay keledi. Genetika men  evgenika salasy qarqyndy damyp, iri ghylymy janalyqtar ashylyp jatsa da әr jeke adamnyng tekti, aqyldy bala tabu jayyndaghy armandarynyng oryndaluy qiyngha soghyp túr. Bәribir, «jazmyshtan ozmysh joqqa» kelip tireledi. Bayaghyda, qazaq ata, babalarymyz «Ya Alla bala ber, bala berseng sana ber, eger sana bermeseng shetinen bәrin ala ber» dep tegin zarlamasa kerek. Adamzatqa aty әigili  Bethovennyng ózi nauqas ata-anadan jaralghan. Bir otbasyndaghy bes balanyng tórteui jarymes bolyp tuylghanda eng kenjesi  Ludovig Van Bethovendi Qúday erekshe jaratqan, әlemge aty mәshhýr kompozitor bolatynday daryn men qabilet bergen.  Herbert Uelisting fantastikalyq shygharmalarynda jarymes balalar turaly, әkesin tanymaytyn esersoqtar jayynda kóp aitylady.

Jazushy qiyal ghajayyp tuyndylarynda óz ana tilining keleshektegi mýmkindigin jete baghalay almady. Úly Britaniya imperiyasynyng ydyraytyndyghyn, otarlanghan elderding tәuelsizdigin alaryn seze bilmedi. HH ghasyrdyng sonynda býkilәlem bir tildik jýiege kóshedi degen boljam aitqanymen ony óz aghylshyn tili emes fransuz tili bolady dep qatelesti. Onyng sebebi, óz túsyndaghy tandauly әdebiyetterding barlyghy derlik fransuz tilinde jaryqqa shyqqandyghyn negizge alghan. Sóz joq, naghyz jazushygha tәn minez. Alayda, adamdar ózara kitap tilimen emes, auyz eki sózben tildesip, týsinisse kerek.

Herbert Uelis - atomnyng bólinui, yadrolyq qarular, lazer sәulesi syndy ghylymy janalyqtardy boljay bilgen tehnologiyanyng iri qiyalgeri bolghanymen qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirding bolashaghyn dәl túspalday almaghan jazushy. Alayda, onyng ghalamsharlar arasyndaghy yqtimal soghystyng qauipin aldyn ala kóre bilui әlemde tendessiz qiyalger ekendigin dәleldey týskendey bolady da túrady.

Quandyq ShAMAHAYÚLY, QR mәdeniyet qayratkeri

ASTANA.

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