Abayda tarihty zerttegen, halyq bolmysynyng órisindegi ruhany qúndylyqtardy jan-jaqty zerdelegen, ony iygeruding baghyt baghdary men ólshemderin halyqqa keninen týsindirgen. Oishyl úghymynyng ereksheligi halyq pen últtyq mýdde úghymyn biriktirip, adamnyng óz minin týzeuge jәne minezding týzuligimen halyq iygiligine qyzmet etuge baghyttaytyn tarihy aina bolyp qaluynda.

Abaydyng fenomenin, ruhany túlghasyn zerdeleu ýshin, onyng shygharmashylyq әlemine aldymen oishyldyng ósiyetin úghynu arqyly ghana enemiz. Búl Abay túlghasyn daralap, ruhany terendigin saqtap túrghan basty qasiyet. Abay filosofiyasy ózining ruhy men ruhany terendigin qasiyeti arqyly joymaytyn dýniye. «Ne nәrse jayynan jazsa da – deydi  A. Baytúrsynov, - Abay týbirin, tamyryn, ishki syryn, qasiyetin qarmay jazady. Nәrsening syryn, qasiyetin, bilip jazghan son, sózining bәri de halyqqa tirelip, oqushylardyng birimen syn bolyp, emtihan bolyp tabylady. Oqushy sózdi synasa, sóz oqushylardy da synaydy» [1.72 b.]. Abaydyng oqushysy úrpaq, adamzat. Týrli әleumettik mәseleler úrpaq ómirinde oryn alyp otyra bersin, onyng sebebi, týp tamyry oishyl zamanynda. Osy sebepten oishyl úghymy halyqqa syny bilimi jaghynan qúndy, maghynasymen óz qasiyetin saqtap túr.

Qazaq elining últtyq mýddesi tarih boyy qorghalyp, týp tamyryn saqtap keldi. Uaqyty kele ghylym, adamzattyq mәdeniyetting týrleri damy týsken sayyn qúndylyqtar baghdarynyng da ózgeretini anyq. Adamzat filosofiyagha, danalyqqa ýmit artpay, ghylymnyn, tehnikanyng ozyq jetistikterine arqa sýiep, ruhany negizderden alshaqtay týseri anyq, búl adamzatqa ortaq býgingi jaghday. Tarihy zerde, tarihy sana, tarihilyq ústanym, sheshendik, tilge qamqorlyq, dinge tazalyq, iygi isterge tabandylyq, dilge adaldyq, bilimge sauattylyq, ghylymgha qabilettilik búnyng barlyghy memleketting damuyna әleumettik dengeyde kýsh beretin qúndylyqtar. Ziyalylar filosofiyasy últtyq mýddege qyzmet etude onyng jolyn, baghyt-baghdaryn, tәjiriybesin, qajettiligin aiqyndap, kórsetip otyrady. Búghan deyin de mәlim bolyp otyrghanday Abaydyng әr bir qara sózi últtyq ruhtyng bastamalary, últtyq iydeyanyng negizderi. Ruhany janaru, aqyl minsizdigi, senim týzuligi, sauattylyq, kisilik, adamgershilik, tektilik jәne t.b. Búlar Abay filosofiyasynda talqylanghan fenomendik qasiyetke ie úghymdar. Úghymnyng týbi bir, ruhany negizi әleumetke ortaq. Abay zerdelegen mәseleler adamnyng ruhany әleminde oryn alyp, onyng ruhany mýmkindikteri arqyly óristenip otyratyn sipatqa iye.

Últtyq qúndylyqtar turaly oishyldyng negizi iydeyasy búl – últtyq minez. Últtyq minez jeke adamnyn, halyqtyng túlghalanuynyn, әleumettik tútastyqtyn, әleumettik mәdeny damudyng belgisi. «Búrynghy bizding ata babalarymyz – degen Abay, otyz toghyzynshy «Qara sózde» - búl zamandaghylardan artyq eki minezi bar eken.

Ol eki minezi qaysy desen, - әueli – ol zamanda el basy, top basy degen kisileri bolady eken. Kóshi-qondy bolsa, dau-janjaldy bolsa, biylik solarda bolady eken..

Ekinshisi – namysqor keledi eken. At atalyp, aruaq shaqyrylghan jerde aghayyngha, ókpe, arazdyqqa qaramaydy eken, janyn salysady eken...». Birlik tútqasy adaldyq, ziyalylardyng halyqqa adaldyghy, ziyalylyqtyng ózi adaldyqtan tuyndaytyn qasiyet. Adaldyq әleumettik qúbylysqa ainalghan kezde halyqtyng ruhtaghy iydeya ómir sýredi, halyq últqa ainalady, últ óz memleketin qúrady. Búl úghymynyng últtyq iydeyagha, qúndylyqqa, qajettilikke ainalyp otyru sebebi sol. Birlik tarihtyn, qogham bolmysynyn, halyq tәjiriybesining nәtiyjesinde qalyptasatyn әleumettik ústanym. Osy ústanym últtyq bolmystyng negizgi qaruy. Oidyng birliginen tútas iydeya qalyptassa, elding birliginen tariyh, mәdeniyet, qogham, últtyq mýde qalyptasyp otyrghan. Birlik ruhany qasiyet arqyly kelmek.

Tarihta últymyzdyng kórgen qyiyndyghy az emes, osy qyiyndyqta halqymyzdyng arman tilegine oray dýniyege kelgen qasiyetti perzentteri de az emes. Túlghanyng halyq aldyndaghy perzenttik boryshy janashyrlyghynda, sol janashyrlyqpen kelgen iydeyalary, syny, aqyly men ósiyeti, ónegesi halyqtyng tarihyn, ruhaniyatyn tozdyrmaydy. Demek oishyldyng oishyldyq qasiyeti halyqqa oy beretin, halyqtyng ruhaniyatyna ruhany kýsh beretin, keyingi uaqytta últtyq bolmysyna ziyanyn tiygizetin nәrselerdi bilimining ruhy arqyly joyyp otyratyn qasiyetimen erekshe. Abaydyng túlghasyndaghy, danalyghyndaghy erekshelik synshyldyghynda. Abay óz zamanynda tek qana halqyn synaghan joq, sol qiynshylyghy mol qoghamda ómir sýrip jatqan halqyn synaghan bolyp kóringenimen, Abaydyng syny býgingi bizding qoghamgha, bizden keyingi buyngha da arnalghan. Abay siyaqty oishyl myng jylda dýniyege keledi, sol adam myndadaghan últtyng ómir sýru tarihynyng ortasynda dýniyege kelse de, onyng iydeyasy jýz jyldy artqa tastap, myndaghan jyldargha jalghasatyn últtyng ómirindegi mәselelerge baghyttalyp, úrpaqtyng oilauyna yqpal etip otyrady. Oishyldyng syny saqtalghan, dәriptelgen, tyndalghan ortada úrpaq aqiqatqa adal, shyndyqqa jaqyn ósedi. Búny Abaydyng ósiyeti dәleldeydi:

Jasymda ghylym bar dep eskermedim,

Paydasyn kóre túra teksermedim.

Er jetkensong týspedi uysyma,

Qolymdy mezgilinen kesh sermedim.

Búl mahrúm qalmaghyma kim jazaly,

Qolymdy dóp sermesem, ósterme edim?

Adamnyng bir qyzyghy – bala degen,

Balany oqytudy jek kórmedim.

Balamdy medresege bil dep berdim,

Qyzmet qylsyn, shen alsyn dep bermedim.

Abaydyng búl óleninde uaqytqa, qogham ómirindegi psihologiyagha maghynamen qaraytyn oy bar. Ghylym mәdeniyet, adamnyng úzaq uaqyt boyghy enbegimen ónetin, qabiletimen, biluimen keletin, eldigimen ónetin dýniye. Ghalym qabiletti, bilimdi, maqsaty halyqtyng mýddesine jalghasatyn adam. Ghalym bolatyn adam ghylymnyng paydasyn halqynyng taghdyrymen úshtastyryp zerdeleydi. Maqsatsyz alynghan bilim adamdy ghylym mәrtebesine jetkizbesi anyq, Abaydyng ghalymgha qoyar talaby, ghylymnyng iygiligin halyqqa úsynu, halyqtyng qolyn ghylymnyng iygiligine jetkizu ghalymnyng maqsaty.

Abay ghylymnyng mәnin diny túrghyda, tarihtyng shenberinde, uaqyttyng talaby negizinde zerdelegen. Abaydyng úghymynda ghylym degenimiz Alla Taghalanyng adamzat balasyna bergen mýmkindigi, tabighattyn, ruhtyng baylyghyn iygerip, iygilikke paydalanyp, qorghap otyru ýshin qajet dýniye. Últtyng jaratylysynan bastap qalyptasyp otyrghan ruhynyng baylyghy, tabighat baylyghy, últtyng tarihyndaghy tәjiriybelerding qúndylyqqa ainaluy keler uaqyttan ghylymdy talap etedi. Adamzattyng iygiligine baghyttalyp, últtyng qazynasyna ainalyp, odan keyin úrpaqqa últtyng ruhany dýniyesi dengeyindegi jetetin ghylymnyng negizinde ghylymnyng tәjiriybelerimen qatar ghalymnyng qasiyeti saqtalady. Qabiletpen kelip, adamnyng qasiyetimen ónetin ghylymnyng qúndylyqtary úrpaqtan biyik maqsatty, tereng oidy, jauapkershilik pen ynsapty, enbekqorlyqty qajet etpek. Abaydyng úghymynda ghalymdy qalyptastyratyn da, tәrbiyeleytin de ómir. Sondyqtanda adamnyng boyyndaghy bolashaqqa degen týsinik, maqsat ghylymmen úshtasu qajet, ghylym turaly adamnyng sanasy, bilimi bala kezden jetilui tiyis. Balany ómirge tәrbiyeleytin ata – ana, orta, balany ómirge baghyttauda ýiretetini aqyl, enbek, adamgershilik. Búl Abaydyng halyqqa aitqan ósiyeti.

Islam dininde tyiym salynghan nәrsening biri ghylymnan qashu, adam ghylymnyng esigin ashuy qajet, ghylymnyng esigin ashu ýshin adam ghylymnyng talabyna, mindetine iykemdelui kerek. Oishyldyq dengeyde intellektualdyq bilimge toly shygharmashylyq iyelerining tanymynyng negizinde ghylym men halyq mýddesi turaly diny týsinikting jatqandyghyn Abay iydeyasy aiqyndaydy.

Ghylymy bilim aqyldyng isimen, bilimning kýshimen, oidyng ónimdiligimen keletin nәrse. Ghylymgha qyzyghushylyq tәrbiyemen berilse, ol adamnyng boyynda adamgershilik úyalap qalady, adamgershilik úyalaghan adamnyng bolmysy әlsizdikten alshaqtaydy, ruhtyng әdebine tózedi. Abay danamyzdyng ósiyetining mәnimen zerdelesek ghylym, bilim, óner turaly úghym halyqtyng mәdeny sanasyna ainaluy qajet. Ataq ýshin zerttelgen ghylym, maqtan ýshin alynghan bilim adamdy tiyanaqsyzdyqqa, ysyrapshyldyqqa ýiretedi

Abay elding ótkenine de, ózi ómir sýrip otyrghan uaqyttaghy qoghamynyng ómirine, elding bolashaghyna danalyqtyng ruhymen qaraghan adam. Abay danalyghynyng ruhy nede? Key jaghdaylarda ghalymdardyng pikirin estip jatamyz Abay qazaqtyng poeziyasyna jana saryn, jana prinsip әkelgen adam dep. Qazaqtyng ruhaniyatynda, danalyghynda, óneri men ónegesi, yaghny poeziyasynda elge janashyrlyq, shyndyq iydeyasy, turalyq, synshyldyq, sezimtaldyq, ruhany dengey qashannan bar. Abay jyraulardyn, biyler men sheshenderding kóregen mәselesin jauapsyz qaldyrmay, sony jana uaqyt oramyndaghy oryn alghan mәselelerge say kýsheytken adam. Mәsele últtyng ómirinde qashanda birdey, biraq mәselening qoyyluy men sheshilu joldary qogham talabyna say kýrdelenip otyrady. Mәselening kýrdelenu sebebin, dengeyin tolyq biletin oishyldar sol mәselening sheshimin ózining ómir sýrip otyrghan qoghamynan ilgeri uaqyttyng dengeyinde zerdelep, kórsetip, halyqqa úsynyp otyrghan. Abaydyng ólenining mazmúnyn ózgertip túrghan europanyng klasikalyq dýniyeleri emes, el mәselesining uaqyt talabyna say kýrdelenui. Patshalyq biylikting jýiesine say ózgere bastaghan qazaq qoghamynyng ómirin elding tәuelsizigine, ruhyna iykemdeu ýshin oishyl әleumettik problemalardy jan-jaqty taldaghan:

Payda oilama, ar oila.

Talap qyl artyq biluge.

Qazaqtyng balasynyng maqsaty da, mindeti de ar-namys boluy qajet. Qazaqtyng jerin mekendep otyrghan, qazaqtyng qoghamyna biylik jýrgizip otyrghan patsha ókimetining adamdary payda oilay bersin, qazaq balasy elin zamanynan qaldyrmauy ýshin artyq biluge, bilimdi bolugha úmtyluy qajet. Abay zamanyndaghy qazaqtyng jastary oishyl danalyghynyng ruhymen bolashaqtyng tabaldyryghyn attaghandyghy anyq. Búl dәstýr qay kýndede jalghasady, tek Abaydyng danalyghy tegistey úrpaqtyng tanymynda oryn aluy kerek.

Artyq ghylym kitapta,

Erinbey oqyp kóruge.

Voenny qyzmet izeme,

Oqaly kiyim kiige.

Bos maqtangha salynyp,

Beker kókirek keruge.

Qyzmet qylma oyazgha,

Janbay jatyp sónuge. Ataqúmarlyq pen maqtanshaqtyng qazaqtyng qoghamyna syrttan kelgen minez. Jaqsylardyng qatary oryn alghan qazaqtyng qoghamynda maqtanshaqtyq, ataqúmarlyq ersi minez, әlsizdikting dengeyi bolyp tanyldy. Adamnyng adamy qalpy, adamshylyq minezi eldikpen ólshendi.

Oyshyldardyng danalyghynyng ruhy jaqsylardyng qataryn saqtap, dәstýrin jalghap otyruynda, ómirding talabyna aqylmen mәn berudi ýiretetin joldy halyqqa úsynady. Danalyqtyng dәstýri shektelip, oishyl adamdardyng qatary siyregen uaqytta úrpaqtyng aldanyp qaluy, adam minezining әsershildikke bet aluy tang qalatyn mәsele emes. Abaydyng tarih pen keler úrpaq aldyndaghy, halqynyng aldyndaghy jauapkershiligining auyrlyghy sol, ol jalghyz ózi jastardyng oilauyn tәrbiyelep, taghdyryna ara týsken. Abaydyng halqyna, úrpaghyna aitqan ósiyeti, ruhany ómirinen jetip otyrghan ónegesi adam ómirining basynda bolashaghyna maghyna men qarap, sol maghynany keyingi buyngha qaldyru. Ómirdi maghynamen zerdeleytin sana bolmasa, adam bar ómirinde mәnge qol jetkize almaydy. Ómirding mәni adamnyng asyldyghymen oryn almasa, maghyna qalyptaspaydy, Maghynasyz ómir jeke adamgha da halyqqa da paydasy joq nәrse. Maghynasyzdyqtyng sebebi adamnyng әsershildiginde, paydakýnemdiginde, jauapsyzdyghynda.

Abay jastargha, bilim men qyzmet jolynda jýretin adamdargha asyl qasiyetterding mәnin jan-jaqty týsindiredi. Bir júrttyn, halyqtyn, úrpaqtyng ómirine qiyanat jasaytyn adam әlsiz adam, adamnyng kýshtiligi aqyldylyqta, qaruy tabandylyq. Jer betinde mәngi ómir sýretin halyq, el, últ, onyng taghdyry úrpaqtyng sanasynda boluy tiyis. Sondyqtanda adamnyng ruhyn saqtaytyn adamgershilik, adamgershiligi mol úrpaqtyng ruhy, etken isi, ónegesi halyqtyng oiynda, el tarihynyng boyynda qalady. Abaydyng osy bir óleng joldarynanan óz zamanynydaghy qazaq jastarynyng abyroyyn, sol arqyly ómirin, bolashaghyn qorghaghan túlgha ekendigin týsinemiz.

Ónersizding qylyghy –

Tura sózin aita almay,

Qit etuge bata almay,

Qorlyqpenen shiruge. Abaydyng úghymynda óner ómirden, qoghamnan dúrys jol taba bilu. Kóne grek oishyly Sokrat ómir sýruding ózi óner degen. Abaydyng úrpaqqa ýiretip otyrghan óneri qazaqtyng dúrys ómir sýruine jaghday jasaytyn aqyldy, sanaly adam bolu. Ómir halyq pen úrpaqty biriktiretin, qasiyetin, bolashaghyn qorghaytyn kenistik. Sol ómirge aqyldyng kýshimen, sananyng biyigimen, bilimmen, adamgershilikpen enu óner. Ónerli adam ziyaly adam, ziyalynyng óneri halyqqa jaghday jasau, qoghamnyng taghdyryna ara týsu, eldi qorghau, ziyalylar jolynda qalatyn ómir boyyndaghy barlyq qasiyetterining mýmkindigin aiqyndaydy. Ziyalylardyng óneri boydaghy qasiyetti dúrys paydalanu, mýmkindigin halyqtyng iygiligine jaratu.

Abaydyng últtyq iydeyasy ghylym, halyqqa sauattylyqty, jastargha ghylymnyng qasiyetin jetkizu. Qogham ghylymnyng qasiyetin biyik týsingen sayyn ghylym el ómirinde mәdeny sananyng bir bóligine ainalady. Ghylym men halyqtyng arasynda mәdeniyet oryn alsa ghalymdardyng qyzmeti damidy, ghylym qoghamdyq sananyng tarihy dengeyin iyelenedi:

Ghylym tappay maqtanba,

Oryn tappay baptanba,

Qúmarlanyp shattanba,

Oynap bosqa kýluge.

Bes nәrseden qashyq bol,

Adam bolam deseniz.

Tileuin, ómiring aldynda,

Oghan qayghy jeseniz.

Ósek, ótirik, maqtanshaq,

Erinshek, beker mal shashpaq –

Bes dúshpanyng bilseniz.

Ghylym tabu adamnyng ómirlik paryzy, kisilik mindeti. Halyqqa qyzmet etetin naghyz ghylymnyng iyesin halyq tanidy. Ghylymdy halyqtyng iygili dep týsinetin adam ómirden orynyn belgileytin adam. Adamnyng ómirdegi orny tazalyqpen kelip, adamgershiligimen saqtalap otyrghan. Ómirde oryn tabatyn adamnyng maqsaty, tileui, qajeti sanasymen, aqylymen, týsinigimen ornyghady. Bolashaqqa senim arqyly qaraytyn adam, ýnemi ózine oralyp otyrady, adamnyng ózine ózi aqylymen oralyp otyruy ornyn tabugha iykemdeydi.

         Abaydyng negizgi iydeyasy ruh minsizdigi. Adam bolu, adamnyng elin, ruhyn qorghaytyn kisilik jóninde. Ruhty әlsiretetin, qoghamgha teris minezdi jayatyn әdetterden saq bolu.

         Ruh minsizdigi  talaptanu, halyq jolynda talabyna qyzmet etu, talapqa jetu jolyndaghy talaptyng adamgha qoyar talabyna iykemdi bolu, ainalagha aqylmen sholu jasaytyn, ózine syn men qaraytyn tәrbiyege ózindi daghdylau. Qanaghatshyldyq, ysyrapshyl bolmau, jinaqylyq, jalqau minezden boydy aulaq ústau, úqyptylyqqa biyimdeu, maqtannan qashyq tәrbiyelenu, tózimdi bolu, bargha qanaghatshyl, qajetindi ziyansyz jolmen jaratu.

Adamy ruh minsizdigining bir belgisi raqymshyldyq, shýkirshilik etu. Nebir ghúlamalar, talay batyr adamdar osy qasiyetpen jýrgen. Halyqtyng iygiligi jolynda әulie babalarymyzdyng rahymshyldyq minezimen júrtyn ózine qaratqan, halyqty múratyna baghyttaghan.  Rahymshyldyq adamnyng negizinde bar qasiyetterdi saqtap, onyng bolashaghyna qyzmet etetin múratyn qorghaytyn minezi. Abay úghymynda rahymshyl adam múratyna jetedi.

Abay óz dәuirinde barlyq adamzatqa ortaq ruhany qúndylyqtardy, mәdeny qúbylystardy, oishyldardyng ilimderin zerttey otyryp, adamzat balasyna ortaq, elin, úrpaghyn týzu joldan adastyrmaytyn iydeyalardy kórsetip ketken. Olar dindi dúrys týsinu, dinning mәnin bilu, dinning aqiqatyn ghylym, danalyq, tariyh, diny bilimder arqyly bilu, týsinu, adamgershilikting qasiyetin qadirleu. «Otyz segizinshi «Qara sózde» bylay delingen: «Ghylym – Allanyng bir sipaty, ol haqiqat, oghan ghashyqtyq ózi de haqlyq hәm adamdyq dýr. Bolmasa mal tappaq, maqtan tappaq, ghizzat-húrmet tappaq sekildi nәrselerding mahabbaty birlәn ghylym-bilimning haqiqaty tabylmaydy.

Mal, maqtan, ghizzat-húrmet adamdy ózi izdep tapsa, adamdyqty búzbaydy hәm kórik bolady». Ghylym dýniyening syryn úghynudyng jýieli tәsili, ghylymnyng amaly tereng bilim. Ghylymdy aqylmen úghynyp, bilimmen qorghau, ghylymdaghy naghyz bilimdilerding jolyn qoldau mәdeniyet. Mәdeniyeti jetispegen ortada ghylymnyng izi joghalady, ghylymnyng izi jolghalsa aqiqattyng sipaty da ózgeretindigi anyq. Aqiqat ózining adamdaryna ghana baghynady, aqiqattyng adamdary diny túlghalar, әulie oishyl ghalymdar, búlar aqiqatty dinning bilimi, ghylym arqyly týsindirushiler, aqiqat turaly bilimdi qorghaushylar, halyqtyng aldynda bilimning dengeyin saqtaushylar. Osyghan baylanysty Abay, «Hakimder dýniyede tiyetin paydasyn sóileydi ghibrәt kózimen qaraghanda, ekisi de birinen-biri kóbi jyraq ketpeydi. Anyng ýshin әrbireuining sóileui, aituy basqasha bolsa da, Alla Taghalanyng súnghatyna qarap pikirlemekti ekisi de aitty. Pikirlenbekting sony ghibratlanbaq bolsa kerek. Búl aqyl, ghylym ekisi de ózin qisablamaqty, zalymdyqty, adam ózindey adamdy aldamaqty jek kóredi. Hәm ekisi de marhamatty, shapaghatty bolmaqtyqty aityp búiyrdy, búl raqym bolsa kerek».

Abay zamanyndaghy ghalymdarymyzdyng qoghamnyng әleumettik problemalaryn jete zertteude, din men ghylymnyn, tarih pen mәdeniyettin, qogham men halyq sanasyn qatar zerdelep, elding ruhyn kóteru baghytynda jaryqqa shygharghan enbekterining qúndylyghy ondaghy iydeyanyng jaratylys aqiqatyn negizdeytin din men diny túlghalardyng danalyghynyng tәjiriybelerin, tarih pen qoghamnyng damu jolyndaghy tәjiriybelerdi tegistey qamtyp otyruynda, halyqtyng oilanatyn, úrpaqtyng ishinen talantty jastardyng kemel oiyn jandandyratyn úghymdardy saralap, jaryqqa shygharuynda. Abaydyng qara sózderi alash ghalymdarynyng ortaq ghylymy tanymynyng qalyptasuyna sebep boldy. Qazaq qoghamynyng tónireginde zerttelip, zerdelengen әr bir mәsele Abay shygharmashylyghynyng dengeyinde onyng filosofiyasynda kóterilgen mәselelerdi jalghastyra týsti.

Ziyalylarymyzdyng shygharmashylyghynyn, ghylymy dýniyelerining úiytqysyna ainalaghan tarihtaghy Abay shygharmashylyghynyng ruhy, alash ziyalylarynyng qazaqtyng tәuelsizdigine qyzmet etetin iydeyasyna ghana emes, olardyng qúrghan Alash ýkimetine, onyng memlekettik sayasy baghdarlamasynyn, bolashaq tәuelsiz memleketting jan – jaqty damuyn negizdeytin ghylymy filosofiyalyq baghyttaghy izdenisterining tiregine, úranyna ainaldy.

Abay men alash ziyalylarynyng zerdelegen eng ózekti, tarihtaghy ótkir problema qazaqtyng tәuelsiz boluy, qazaqtyng sany az jeri aumaghy ýlken, qazaq jerine qonystanushylardyng sany qazaqpen birdey boldy, osynday jaghdayda qazaqtyng qazaq boluy qalay? Abay osy mәseleni kótergen, qazaq qazaqpyn dep shyqsa jerinen qol ýzedi, jerinen airylghan halyq qansha kýshtimin dese de, onyng bolashaghynyng órisi tar. Sondyqtanda qazaqty basqalarmen teng qylatyn últtyq sana, uaqyttyng talabyn týsinip, zamannyng talabyna iykemdelu.

Qazaqtyng oishyldary halyqty syngha alsa bilimining asqandy dep týsinu dúrys emes, sayasy sanany oyatu maqsatynan tughan, halyqtyng aldynda olar dara bolyp kóringeni men sol kezde syrtay kórinbese de ishtey olardyng iydeyasynyng sonyna ergen úrpaq az bolmaghan, bilimdiler qatary tez arada ósti. Búghan Abay men alash ziyalylarynyng qúrghan últtyng tarihy kenistigindegi mektebi yqpal etti.

«Qazaq bolyp avtonomiya bolamyz desek, - aldymyzda sheshushi qiyn bir júmbaq bar. – degen Álihan Bókeyhanov, - Oral, Torghay, Aqmola, Semeyde kóp mújyq bizben qonystas; búl oblystarda mújyq pen qazaq qym-qighash aralas. Mújyqpen aralas qazaqty tastap, ylghy qazaq bolyp shyghamyz desek, qazaq orysta qalady; qazaqty búl jerden kóshirip alamyz desek, búl qazaq ata-qonysynan kóshpes; kóshse, aqylsyzdyq bolady; qazaq jerining eng jaqsysy osy mújyqpen aralasyp otyrghan jer. Týbinde qazaq últy bir avtonomiya bola qalsa, ishtegi orysty ala ketemizbe degen ýmit. Bizding qazaq últynyng avtonomiyasy endi túrmys halde tuysqan avtonomiyasy bolar emes; jerge baylauly avtonomiya bolmaq...[2. 263 b.]. Últtyng ósimi de, ómiri de, bolashaghyda jer aumaghyna tәueldi. Otarshyldyqtyng zardaby qazaqtyng jer baylyghy mol qonysyn iyelik etti, patsha ókimeti ózining adamyn qonystandyrdy. Osynyng saldarynan, yaghny zardabynan adam shyghyny kóbeydi, últtyng ósimi kemidi. Qazaqtyng bolashaghyn terennen oilaghan oishylymyz, ziyalylarymyz endigi qalghan, últty, eldi, jerdi saqtaytyn nәrse sanany uaqyttyng talabyna beyimdeu dep nasihattaghan. Tәuelsizik aludyng eng birinshi sharty qazaqtyng bilimi arqyly ózgelermen teng boluy, qazaq pen qazaqtyng sanasy arqyly biri birimen bir boluy, elmen bir boluy.

«Ýshinshi «Qara sózinde» Abay, últtyng birligin, eldigin, dәstýrin, adamynyng kisiligin, adamgershiligin joyatyn nәrselerdi kórsetken: «hәmma ghalamgha belgili danyshpandar әldeqashan bayqaghan: әrbir jalqau kisi  - qorqaq, qayratsyz tartady, әrbir qayratsyz – qorqaq, maqtanghysh keledi: әrbir maqtanshaq – qorqaq, aqylsyz, nadan keledi: әrbir aqylsyz – nadan, arsyz keledi; әrbir arsyz jalqaudan súramsaq, ózi toyymsyz, tyiymsyz, ónersiz, eshkimge dostyghy joq jandar shyghady». Abay últ mәselesine kelgende últtyng minezi, psihologiyasy, kózqarasynyn, dýniyetanymynyng dengeyinde mәn bergen. Halyqtyng sanasyn, minezin, bolmysyn týzeytin, jaqsy qasiyetterin saqtaytyn mәselelerge tereng kónil bólgen. Qazaqta mynaday ónegeli sózder bar:

«Birlikti el búzylmas».

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«Birligi joq el tozady,

Birligi kýshti el ozady».

         ***

«Elding eldigi – auzynyng birligi,

Erding erligi – etining tirligi».

         ***

«Yrystan yntymaq ozar» Jalqaulyq, qayratsyzdyq, maqtanshaqtyq, paraqorlyq namyssyzdyqtan tuyndap, elding birligin joyyp otyratyn nәrse. Halqymyzdyng ósiyetinen úghynatynymyz jasandylyq, jaghympazdyq, ataqqúmarlyq, óz basynnyng qamy ýshin mal jinau, yaghny baylyqty oilau, osy minezden tuyndaytyn paraqorlyq elding birligin joyady. Birlikting joyylu sebebi halyqtyng jýreginde senimning ornyqpauy, senimdi ornyqtyratyn eldik, eldik sana. Abaydyng halyqqa arnap jazghan dýniyelerining barlyghynda әr bir adamgha talap qoyylady, talaptyng maqsaty kórsetiledi. Oishyl adamdy, әleumetting ruhyn әlsiretetin teris әdettermen minezding qoghamnan oryn alu sebepterin bylay týsindiredi: «Múnyng bәri tórt ayaqty maldy kóbeyteminnen basqa oiynyng joqtyghynan; ózge egin, sauda óner, ghylym sekildi nәrselerge salynsa, búlay bolmas edi.

Árbir mal izdegen malym kóp bolsa, ózimdiki de, balalarym da maldy bolsa eken deydi...

Qystauy tarlyq qylsa, aryzy jetkendik, syiy ótkendik, barlyq qyzmetimen bireuding qystauyn satyp almaq, eptep almaq, tartyp almaq. Ol qystauynan airylghan jәne bireuge tiyispek, ya bolmasa  orynsyzdyghynan elden ketpek, әr qazaqtyng oiy osy». Qazaqtyng jerinde últ azattyq kóterilister ne sebepten oryn aldy, ol jalghan biylikting halyqtyng ómirin qúlazytu saldarynan boldy. Eldi, halyqtyng túrmysyn әlsiretip, minezin ózgertu ýshin jalghan nәrseler oryn aldy, mal shyghyny kóp boldy, mal shyghynyn, elding dәuletin, halyqtyng túrmysyn saqtap kele jatqan últ kәsibining iyeleri baylardy qudalau kýn tәrtibine engizilgen sayasat bolatyn. Osynyng zardabynan halyq jat minezdik әreketterge kóndikken joq. Abay zamanynda ghasyrdan astam úzaq uaqytqa sozylghan otarshyldyqtyng zardabyna halyq ýirene bastaghan uaqyt, shen men shekpenge ilanyp, óz jaghdayynyng patsha biyligi tarapynan qamtamasyz etiluin qanaghat etken adamdardyng biylikke aralasuy, patsha biyligining әmirin oryndaushylargha ainalghan uaqyt. Jer iyeliginen qol ýzip, kedeyshildik kóbeygen uaqytta, túrmys tauqymetin tata bastaghan halyqtyng minezin elestetu qyiyn emes. Abay, odan keyingi alash ziyalylary qazaqtyng sanasyn kóteru maqsatynda oqu, ghylym, óner, túrmys pen túrmys kәsibining isine uaqyt talaby dengeyinde qaraudyng qajettiligin nasihattaghan.

Dini, tili, sanasy, túrmysy әlsirese últ ózining intellektualdyq kýshinen airylady. Patsha ókimetining qazaq halqyn ruhany kýshinen aiyruynyng amaly qazaqtyng qoghamdyq qúrylysyn joyyp jiberu, búl jýzege asty, biraq dәstýrli qoghamdyq qúrylys pen jana uaqyt talabyna say memleketting tәuelsizdigi men biyligin qayta qalpyna keltiruding qúrylymyn, jolyn Abay, alash ziyalylary jasap ketken. Búlardy oilarynyng terendigi, qazaqtyng tәuelsizdigin qorghaytyn, úrpaqty soghan jeteleytin intellektualdyq dengeyding zamannan qalmaytyn órisin qaldyrghan. Ol óris Abaydyng múralaryndaghy iydeya, zerdelengen mәseleler, Á. Bókeyhanov bastaghan ziyalylarymyzdyng tәuelsiz memleket qúru baghytyndaghy iygergen, qol jetkizgen tәjiriybeleri, kótergen mәseleleri, qalpyna keltirgen múralary, iydeyalary. Últtyng minezinen bastap, bolmysynyng taghdyryn qamtityn, onyng tarihynan bastap qoghamdyq ómirimen jalghasatyn nәrselerdi talqylau dәstýri qazaq ziyalylarynyng dengeyin tarihtan joghalytpaydy.

Az uaqyt ishinde bir ghana oishyldyng óz halqynyng mýddesine, ómirine, bolashaq taghdyryna qatysty problemalardy keng kólemde kóterip, ony sheshuding joldaryn din, әlemdik tarihtyng tәjiriybesi, danalyq, ghylym arqyly qarastyru Abay fenomenine tәn qasiyet. Oishyldyng qara sózderinde talqylanghan mәseleler, kóterilgen iydeyalar, adamgha baghyt beretin danalyq oilardyng әr bir tarmaghy tútas әlem. Qazaq qoghamyndaghy adam minezine qatysty mәsele kóteredi, biraq ol mәselemen shektelmey, halyqtyn, adamzattyng ómirin qamtityn ortaq iydeyany halyqqa úsynady. Abay múralarynyng tabighatyn, ruhyn, mәnin týsindiretin búl qasiyet tolyqtay ghylymda әli jete zerttele qoymaghandyghy anyq.

Abay, «Qara sóz» jazu isin kezdeysoq qolgha almaghan. Onyng maqsaty, armany, iydeyalary, tek qana qazaqtyng ghana emes adamzatqa ortaq din men ghylymnyn, bilim men ónerding qasiyetin nasihattaugha baghyttalghan. «Búl jasqa kelgenshe jaqsy ótkizdik pe, jaman ótkizdik pe, әiteuir  birtalay ómirimizdi ótkizdik: alystyq, júlystyq, aitystyq, tartystyq - әureshilikti kóre –kóre keldik. Endi jer ortasy jasqa keldik: qajydyq, jalyqtyq: qylyp jýrgen isimizding bәrinin  bayansyzyn, baylausyzyn kórdik, bәri qorshylyq ekenin bildik...». Abay «Qara sózderi» mәngi qazaqtyng dýniyesine ainalghan múra. Olay deytin sebebimiz, Abay ózi kózi tirisi kezinde jazghan dýniyelerin baspagha úsynbaghan, búnyng sebebi bar. Bizding oiymyzsha Abaydyng boyynda aqyndyq, oishyldyq qasiyetpen qatar ruhy zor sezimtaldyq qasiyet te mol. Ol alash ziyalysy atanatyn qazaq jastarynyng ózinen keyin iydeyasyn jalghastyratyndyghyn kýni búryn bilgen. Oishyldy óz uaqytynda qoghamnan oqshaulay týsken ruhta osy sezimtaldyqtyng kýshi bolsa kerek. «Teginde adam balasy, adam balasynan aqyl, ghylym, ar, minez degen nәrselermen ozbaq.

Onan basqa nәrselermen ozdymghoy demekting bәri de – aqymaqtyq» - degen oishyl babamyz. Abaydyng izin qughan, onyng iydeyasyn, ruhany múralaryn qorghap, jaryqqa shygharghan alash ziyalylary adamnyng adamshylyghyna qatysty minezdin, ghylymnyng halyqqa ortaq paydasyn keltiretin bilimning úghymyn saqtay bildi. Búl dәstýrdi jalghastyru býgingi úrpaqtyng da aldynda túrghan mindet. Abay danalyghy qazaq ruhaniyatynda mәngi saqtalatyn qúbylys. 

Sәrsembin Ýmbethan

Filosofiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.

         Ádebiyet:

         1. «Qazaq» gazeti / Bas redaktor Á.Nysanbaev. -Almaty: «Qazaq ensiklopediyasy» Bas redaksiyasy, 1998. -560 bet.

2. Bókeyhanov Á. Shygharmalar. - Almaty: Óner, 1994. - 383 bet.

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