«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazetinde keyingi kezderi jariyalanghan akademik Tóregeldi Sharmanovtyng «Qúndylyqtar qúldyrauy» jәne Myrzatay Joldasbekovtyng «Búl sóz aityluy kerek edi» atty maqalalary mening oiymda jýrgen mәselelerge qozghau saldy.

Búl maqalalarda kóterilgen mәseleler óte kýrdeli jәne әr qazaqtyng bolashaq taghdyryna yqpal ete alatyn, tipti qazaq degen halyqtyng tarih sahnasynan ketuine aparatyn qaterli ýderisterding qozghaushy kýshine ainalu qaupi bar faktorlar desek, artyq aitqandyq emes. Qazirgi kýni múnday faktorlar atalghan mәselelermen shektelmeydi. Tipti búl mәselelerden de kýrdeli, qauipti qúbylys – jas úrpaqtyng diny sanasynyng kýn sanap radikaldy sipat alyp bara jatuy der edim. Osydan on shaqty jyl búryn radikaldy islam aghymdarynyng toryna qazaqtyng dәstýrli mәdeniyetinen, әdebiyetinen habarsyz, qazaqy bolmysy qalyptaspaghan jastar arasynan kóbirek týsetin. Qazir búl ýderisting japylama sipat alghanynyng kuәsi bolyp otyrmyz. Oghan sebep – shet jerlik tәjiriybeni elimizdegi oqu ýderisine engizu.

IYә, ol sebep – emtihandy testpen alu ýderisining engizilui. Óitkeni, mektep bitirerde tapsyratyn Últtyq birynghay test jas jetkinshekting jetilip, sanasy qalyptasar kezine say keledi. Óz mektebining reytingi tómen bolmauyn oilaghan mektep basshylyghy men múghalimder sabaqty jiyp tastap, segizinshi synyptan bastap, test jattatudy bastaydy. Basqasha aitqanda, qazaq ruhaniyatynyng ózegi sanalatyn qazaq әdebiyeti pәni de, t.b. pәnder de testting qúrbandyghyna ainalady. Basqa-basqa, býgingi kýni Abaydyng aty bolmasa, zatyn bilmeytin úrpaqtyng ósip, jetilgenining kuәsi bolyp otyrmyz. Jaqynda ózim sabaq beretin ekinshi kurs studentterinen Abaydyng ólenderinen jatqa oqyp beruin ótindim. Eluge tarta studentting arasynan bir qyzdyng ghana Abay ólenin jatqa biletinine kóz jetkizip, jaghamdy ústadym. Jәne búl studentter – jaratylystanu pәnderin tandaghandar emes, barlyghy gumanitarlyq salanyng bolashaq mamandary edi!

Búl – qazaq ruhaniyatyn jastar sanasyna sinirip, qazaqy bolmysy men últtyq immuniytetin qalyptastyratyn pәnderden mektep qabyrghasynda jetkilikti dengeyde bilim almauynan. Esesine, sol alynbaghan bilim ornyn, jastar sanasyndaghy bos qalghan kenistikti – vakuumdy ózge tanymdyq shet jerlik qoqystar toltyryp jatyr. Sol qoqystardyng deni – uahabiylik-salafiylik baghyttaghy uaghyzdar. Ózim sabaq berip jýrgen jogharyda atalghan toptardaghy studentterding kóbining sanasynda uahabiylik tanymnyng úryghy baryn bayqaymyn. Oqytatyn sabaghym «Mәdeniyet jәne din» pәni bolghandyqtan, din men mәdeniyet arasyndaghy yqpaldastyqty aitpay ótu mýmkin emes. Qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna qatysty mәselelerdi bayandaugha kelgende shәkirtter tarapynan qarsylyqqa úshyraymyn. Týsindire bastasan, «Siz ne, meshittegi imamnyng aitqanyna qarsysyz ba?» nemese «Qúrannyng aitqanyna senemiz be, әlde sizding aitqanynyzgha senemiz be?» dep qarsy uәj aitady. Biraq ózderining búl mәselege oilanyp, aqylgha salugha qúlyqtary joq. Sebebi, olardyng qabyl etken senimi oilanugha, «nege búlay?» degen súraqqa jauap izdeuge tyiym salady. Múghalim qolynda túrghanmýmkindikti paydalanyp, olardy oqytugha, oilanugha mәjbýrleyin dese, taghy da aldynan test shyghady. «Servis pәnderding barlyghy testpen alynuy kerek» degen qaghida kese-kóldeneng qoyylyp tastaghan.

Studentterding sanasyndaghy múnday ózgeristerdi bilgen son, fakulitet dekanynan bastap, uniyversiytetting oqu isi jónindegi viyse-preziydentine deyin bardym. Olardy aitqanyma kóndire almadym. Múny bilgen student «Qolynnan ne keledi?» degen synay tanytady. Eger student múghalimge emtihandy tikeley tapsyratyn bolsa, qansha jyldan beri kitap oqudan, oilanudan ajyrap qalghan sanasyna sәule týser edi, oqugha kedergi bolyp jýrgen psihologiyalyq  kedergiden az da bolsa, arylar edi. Alayda, búl mәseleni basshylyqqa aityp týsindire almadym.  «Al, ol student ertengi kýni kim bolady? Erteng óz eline ózi qarsy shyghatyn býlikshilder qatarynan tabylmay ma?» degen súraqqa eshkim basyn auyrtqysy kelmeydi. Barlyghyna ózderining engizgen innovasiyalyq janalyghy kerek. Jastardyn, bolashaqtyn, memleketting taghdyry kerek emes.

Endigi kezekte «Búl jastardyng sanasyn kim ulap jatyr, qalay ulanyp jatyr?» degen súraqqa jauap berip ketkenimiz abzal. Onsyz myna kóterilip otyrghan mәsele birjaqty bolyp qalmaq. Búl mәsele kýrdeli, әri kópke topyraq shashqanday bolamyn. Biraq amal joq. Elimiz aman, júrtymyz tynysh bolsyn desek, jauyrdy jaba toqymay, kemshilikterimizdi ashyp aityp, qazaq qoghamynyng ruhany tútastyghyn qayta qalpyna keltiruimiz kerek.

Qazir elimizdegi diny senim men diny tanymdy qalyptastyratyn Ortalyq meshit bolyp otyrghanyna dau joq. Onyng ýstine meshitterge baratyndardyn  negizgi toby jastar ekenine, meshitke baryp, namaz oqushylardyng 75-80 payyzy jastar ekenine dau joq. Demek, qazirgi jastardyng diny tanymynyng qalyptasuyna meshitting yqpal etip otyrghanyn moyyndaugha tiyispiz. «Al, osy meshitterimizding ústanghan baghyty qanday, qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna say kele me? Eger ol meshitterding ústanghan baghyty dúrys bolsa, jastar sanasynda qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna qayshy kózqaras qaydan kelip jýr?» degen súraqtardyng tuyndaytyny anyq. Qazirgi meshitterde imamdar óz uaghyzdaryn arabtyng dәstýrshildigi ayasynda qalyptasqan sharighat shenberinde  jýrgizedi. Imamdar sharighat pen din eki bólek dýnie ekeninen habarsyz. «Hanafy mazhaby sharighaty» deydi. Alayda, búl Ábu Hanifanyng prinsipterine say kelmeydi. Abu Hanifa din men sharighatty bir dep qarastyrghan emes. Ol Qúrannyng «Shur‘a» sýresindegi «Dinderine bekem bolyndar! Núhqa tapsyrghan dindi saghan da uahy etkenimizdi, Ibrahimge, Músagha jәne Isagha bergenderimizdi Alla saghan da din etip berdi» degen ayatqa sýiene otyryp, din men sharighatty ekige bóledi. Din – bireu. Maqsaty – adam balasyna Jaratushyny tanytu. Al, sharighattar әrtýrli, óitkeni, sharighattardy qalyptastyratyn әr qauymnyng ózine kelgen payghambarlary bar. Sol payghambarlar arqyly jer betindegi halyqtardyng dinimen qosa tili, salt-dәstýrleri, әdet-ghúryptary qalyptasty.

Mine, Ábu Hanifanyng din turaly ústanymy osynday. Osy ústanymdy negizge alghan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy Islamnyng Imangha qatysty bes paryzyn alyp, sharighatty týrkining kóne dәstýrine berdi. Biraq búdan qazaqtyng ata-babasy músylman bolmay qalghan joq. Al, arab dәstýrshildigin qorghaghan salafiyler bolsa, sol arabtyng ruhany tәuelsizdigin qalyptastyramyz dep, sol VIII-IX ghasyrlardyng ózinde arab dәstýrin diny senimmen biriktirip, sharighat qalyptastyrghan bolatyn. Qazir qazaq jastary sanasyna osy arab dәstýrshildigi negizinde qalyptasqan sharighat din retinde uaghyzdaluda. Oghan mysal retinde feysbukte jariyalanghan myna bir mәlimetti keltirgim keledi.

Qazir Qazaqstandy týgel aralap, uaghyz aityp jýrgen Abdighappar Smanov degen imamgha: «Men Beket Atagha arnap mal soysam bola ma?» – degen súraq qoyylady. Sonda imam: «Ózindi soysang da qabyl bolmaydy», – dep jauap beredi. Sonda qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyndaghy әuliye, әruaq, ziyarat siyaqty t.b. úghymdar qayda qaldy? Álde, qazaq músylman emes pe? Mәsele, qazaqtyng diny tanymy arabtyng diny tanymy siyaqty tar shenberde, tәn qajetin ghana óteytin ghibadattardan túrmaydy. Qazaqtyng diny tanymy tәnmen qosa, jannyng da qajetin óteytin ghibadattardy qamtidy. Ol turaly Qoja Ahmet Yasauy ózining «Mirat әl-Qulub» atty kitabynda bylay deydi: «Sharighat syrt aghzalarmen amal etu bolsa, tariqat – «qalb-jýrekpen», yaghni, kónilmen amal etu degen sóz, al haqiqat degeniniz – syrmen amal etu bolyp tabylady». Demek, qazaqtyng diny tanymy arabtyng da, basqa halyqtardyng da diny tanymynan tereng de, mazmúndy. Al, meshitterde aitylyp jatqan uaghyzdardyng qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymymen ýsh qaynasa sorpasy qosylmaytynyna, búl senimdi qabyl etkenderge qazaqtyng ruhani, mәdeny qúndylyqtarynyng kók tiyndyq qúny qalmasyna eshkimning bas qatyrghysy joq. Olay bolsa, qazirgi meshit sanynyng kóbeygeninen qazaq ziyan shekpese, payda kórip otyrghan joq. Meshitke barghan jastar sanasynyn, maqala basynda aitylghanday, radikaldanuyn kórip otyrmyz. Búl mәseleni meshit ózdiginen rettep, jónge keltiredi degen ýmit taghy joq. Imamdar dayyndap jatqan «Núr-Mýbәrak» uniyversiyteti de, QMDB qaramaghyndaghy medreseler de sol sharighat jolynyng mamandaryn dayyndap jatyr. Al ol mamandardyng qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymymen de, ruhani, mәdeny bolmysymen de sharualary joq. Dәstýr men mәdeniyetting halyqtyng genetikalyq kody ekendigi olardyng oiyna kirip te shyqpaydy. Eger búl mәseleni retteu ýshin memleket tarapynan shúghyl sharalar juyq arada qabyldanbasa, ertengi kýni «Arab kóktemi» esigimizdi qaghuy әbden mýmkin.

Aytpaghymyz: bir jiberilgen qatelik ekinshi baghyttan qoldau tauyp, kýrdeli mәselege ainalyp otyr. Birinshi jiberilgen qatelik – bilim jýiesine test synaghynyng engizilip, jastarymyzdy qazaq ruhaniyatynan maqrúm qaldyruy, ekinshi qatelik – onyng ornyn jatjúrttyq diny aghym yqpalynyng basuy. Osy ekeui jastar sanasynyng radikaldanuyna yqpal etip otyr. Al múnymen oinaugha bolmaydy. Sondyqtan kez kelgen oqu ýderisine engiziletin janalyq «Jas jetkinshekting bolashaghyna qanshalyqty yqpaly bar? Payda ma, ziyan ba?» degen súraqtar qoyyla otyryp, engizilse deymin. Eng bastysy, oqu ýderisi janalyq engizuge emes, jastardyng bolashaghyna iygi yqpal etetin, qazaqtyng ruhany múrasyn mengergen, erteng eldin, jerding taghdyryna jany auyratyn azamatty tәrbiyelep shygharugha baghyttaluy tiyis. «Shet elde osynday eken» dep, bireuding qansyghyn tansyq etu jaqsylyqqa aparmasy anyq. Ókinishke qaray, әzirge jaghday basqasha bolyp túr. Búl bir men emes, osy salada jýrgen san mamannyng bas auruyna ainalyp jýrgen jayy bar. Sondyqtan búl jazylghandardy erikkendikten emes, qauip etkendikten aityp otyrmyn.

Zikiriya JANDARBEK,

Qoja Ahmet Yasauy atyndaghy Halyqaralyq qazaq-týrik uniyversiytetining Dintanu kafedrasynyng dosenti, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty                              

Abai.kz