«Júldyzdy soghys» (Star War) termiyni AQSh preziydenti Ronalid Reygannyng túsynda sayasy qoldanysqa endi. Odan on shaqty jyl ótpey jatyp, KSRO-men birge tarihy derekke ainaldy. Alayda keshegi ekipolyarly әlemning jәne «qyrghiy-qabaq» soghystyng múrasy aqparattyq әri ghalamdanu ghasyrynda qaytadan qylang berip, jahandyq-gharyshtyq soghysqa jalghasa ma degen qauip bar. Álemdik ýstemdik tilegen alpauyttar jerde ghana emes, gharyshtaghy qauipsizdik ýshin teketiresin týrlendirdi. 1983 jyly Reygan janasha qarulanu qajettigi jayly aitqanda, Pentagonnyng gharyshtyq ambisiya­syn әigiledi. Búl – AQSh-tyng gharyshtan baqylau jasalynatyn, zymyrannan qorghanys jýiesin qúrudy kózdegen ghylymiy-zertteu jәne tәjiriybelik-qúrastyru júmystarynyng keshendi jobasy edi. «Men yadrolyq oqtúmsyqtarmen jabdyqtalghan strategiyalyq zymyrandardan tóngen qaterdi joi ýshin úzaq merzimdi zertteuler men jobalardy jýrgizuge jan-jaqty әri shúghyl kirisuge búiryq berdim», – degen edi Reygan sol kezde.

Gharyshtan basqarylatyn «Strate­giyalyq qorghanys bastamasy» (Strategic Defense Initiative) baghdarlamasy ayasynda sәuleli, elektromagnitti, kiynetikalyq, joghary kerneuli, «jer-gharysh» jәne «gharysh-jer» baghytyndaghy jana dengeydegi zymyrandardy dayyndau jәne iske qosu kózdelgen edi. Amerikalyq sarapshylar búl baghdarlamanyng búghan deyingi «Manhetten» (atom bombasyn jasau), «Apollon» (Aygha adam úshyru) siyaqty jobalardan ózgeshe sypatta ekenin atap kórsetken bolatyn.

Búl kezde belgili rejisser Djordj Lukastyng osy attas filimdi shygharghanyna nebary alty jyl bolghan edi. Zamanauy zymyrandar, gharyshtyq tehnologiyalar jәne lazerli qarumen jaraqtanugha bekingen Amerika әskerin «Júldyzdy soghys» filimining qaharmandaryna teneu әdeby joralghy ghana bolatyn. Áskery baghdarlamanyng atyn kópshilikke arnalghan kórkem filimmen astastyruda esh әbestik joq, әriyne. Áytse de, Reygannyng ózi múnday qarabayyrlyqty jaqtyrmaghan kórinedi.

Aqyry búl oqigha AQSh pen Kenester Odaghy arasynda gharysh­y iygeru jәne qaru-jaraq jýiesin jetildiru baghytyndaghy jantalasqan bәsekening órshuine sebepshi boldy. Osydan song ýsh-tórt jyldan keyin KSRO-nyng da dәl osy baghytta ghylymiy-zertteu júmys bastaghany mәlim boldy. Búl qyrghiy-qabaq soghystyng shyrqau shegine jetken kezi edi.

Reygannyng strategiyasy «qyrghiy-qabaq soghysty toqtatudyng jalghyz amaly – búl soghysta jenip shyghu» edi. Eger Amerika Reygan armandaghan asa quatty «qalqan» qúru baghdarlamasyn jýzege asyra alsa, onda eki polyarly jýiedegi AQSh pen KSRO tepe-tendigi kýshin joyatyny sózsiz.

Biraq «Júldyzdy soghys», yaghny «Strategiyalyq qorghanys bastamasy» baghdarlamasyn jýzege asyru júmysy toqsanynshy jyldary toqtatyldy. Qazirgi kezde búl baghdarlamanyng qanshalyqty jemisti bolghany jayly kereghar pikirler kóp. Onyng ayasyndaghy kóptegen jobalar jýzege aspady. Mysaly, «Brilliant búranda» atty tórt mynday kishigirim sputnikter qarsylastyng oqtúmsyqtaryna soqtyghysyp, jarugha layyqtalyp jasaluy tiyis edi. Osynday basqa da kóptegen jobalar ayaqsyz qalghandyqtan, búl baghdarlamany qazir «Reygannyng aferasy» dep te ataydy.

Keybir sarapshylar qarsylastyng yadrolyq shabuylynan tolyqtay qorghaytyn baghdarlama jasau mýmkin emes dep sanaydy. Áytse de, Strate­giyalyq qorghanys bastamasyn mýlde nәtiyjesiz deuge bolmas. Sebebi, onyng keybir jetistikteri toqsanynshy jyl­dary Iraktaghy soghys kezinde qoldanylghany belgili.

Al ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq janalyq ashu baghytynda kóptegen zertteuler jemisti boldy. Shyndyghynda, AQSh-tyng qorghanys salasyndaghy keybir ghylymy janalyqtary zamanauy órkeniyetting iygiligine ainalyp, amerika ekonomikasyna aitarlyqtay payda әkeldi, myndaghan jana júmys ornyn ashugha sebepshi boldy. Naqtysyn aitqanda, qazir adamzattyq ortaq iygilik sanalatyn internet men GPS jýiesi, lazerli tehnologiyalar әu bas­ta amerikalyq qorghanys salasynda qolgha alynghan jobalar bolatyn.

Áskery baghdarlamagha qatysty alypqashpa sózderge qaramastan, AQSh qarsylastan qorghanar gharyshtyq «qalqan» qúru niyetinen bas tartqan emes. Bazbireuler gharyshtan basqarylatyn qaru jasau mýmkin emes dese de, keybir sarapshylar búl baghdarlamanyng jalghasyn kishi Djordj Bush qayta jandandyrghan «PRO» jýiesinen izdeydi. Pentagon ózining qúramyndaghy Zymyrangha qarsy qoghanys agenttigin Missile Defense Agency saqtap qaldy. Osylaysha, Aq Ýy zymyrannan qorghanys taktikasynan bas tartqan joq, kerisinshe, songhy jyldary búl baghyttaghy júmysty jandandyrdy.

2009 jyly qazirgi Aq Ýy basshysy Barak Obama búl bastamany odan әri jetildirip, «EuroPRO» jýiesin jýzege asyrudy qolgha aldy. Baghdarlamanyng qamtu ayasy da ózgerdi: bastapqy kezde Soltýstik Amerika qúrlyghyn qorghaytyn «qalqan» qúru ghana kózdelse, kele-kele tútas Europany jәne oghan qosa Shyghys Aziyany da qorghanys qanatyna alu josparlanuda.

Qazirgi tanda Izraili men Japoniya da zymyrannan qorghanystyng últtyq jýiesin qúruda. Olargha barynsha septesip otyrghan AQSh óz aspanynda ghana emes, aimaqtyq dengeyde qorghanys jýiesin jasaugha mýddeli. «Ghalamdyq qalqan» AQSh-tyng ejelgi qarsylastary – keshegi-býgingi sosialistik iydeologiyadaghy elder – Resey, Qytay, Soltýstik Koreyagha qarsy baghyttalmaq.

Osylaysha, otyz eki jyl búryn aitylghan sóz әli manyzyn joyghan joq. Reygannyng sol kezde aitqan taghy bir sózin eske týsirsek, ol bylay degen edi: «Biz әskery ýstemdikke úmtylmaymyz, sayasy úpay izdemeymiz. Bizding birden-bir maqsatymyz – yadrolyq soghystyng bastalu qaupin azaytudyng joldaryn izdeu».

Reygan ne dese de, sol kezdegi AQSh pen KSRO iyeligindegi yadrolyq qarudyng kóptigi sonshama, Jer sekildi jýz ghalamshardy jonggha jetetin. Al songhy otyz jylda AQSh ta, KSRO múrageri – Resey de yadrolyq quatyn 15-20 ese arttyrdy.

Adamzatty yadrolyq qarudyng qaupinen saqtandyrudy oilaghan bir top ghalym 1947 jyly «Qiyamet kýni» saghatyn «iske qosty». «Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists» basylymynyng jazuynsha, ótken aida ghalymdar saghat tilin 23:57 dep ózgertken. Búl – «yadrolyq qiyamet-qayymnyn» bastalu qaupi barynsha jaqyn degen sóz. Osylaysha, ghalamda jana qyrghiy-qabaq soghysy bastalugha shaq ekeni ashyq aityla bastady.

Búghan birden-bir sebep – Ukrainadaghy alpauyttar mýddesining qaqtyghysy. AQSh-tyng Ukrainany qarulandyru niyetin jariya etui jaghdaydy odan әri ushyqtyrdy. Kóptegen Kongress mýsheleri «Ukrainanyng iyeliginde Reseyge qarsy túrar qaru bolsa, qaqtyghys toqtaydy» dep mәlimdedi. Al Resey «Aq Ýy Ukrainany ózining әskery bazasyna ainaldyrudy kózdeydi» dep aiyptaydy. Eger Aq Ýy shyn mәninde Kiyevti qarulandyratyn bolsa, Kremli oghan qarsy әreketke kóshken jaghdayda, jana qyrghiy-qabaq soghys órti lap etui ghajap emes. Tipti KSRO-nyng búrynghy basshysy, keshegi «qyrghiy-qabaq» soghysynyng tiri kuәgeri Gorbachevting ózi «búl joly qyrghiy-qabaq soghys otqa oranghan shyn soghysqa әkelui mýmkin» dep mәlimdeme jasap, batystyq basylymdargha súhbat berdi.

Osylaysha, AQSh pen Resey arasyndaghy yadrolyq qarudy qoldanbau, onyng taralu qaupin azaytu baghytyndaghy jiyrma jyldyq júmys zaya ketui mýmkin: AQSh pen Euroodaq sanksiyalarynyng saldarynan Batys elderimen qarym-qatynasy kýrt salqyndaghan Resey endi yadrolyq qarugha qatysty әriptestikten bas tartyp otyr. Tipti kelesi jyly ótetin Yadrolyq qauipsizdik jónindegi sammitke qatyspaytynyn mәlimdedi.

Áytse de, ghalamdyq-gharyshtyq qyrghiy-qabaq soghystyng qaupin tudyrghan Ukraina emes. Búl jaghdayda ol sebepten góri syltaugha úqsaydy. Ghalamdyq dengeydegi qyrghiy-qabaq soghysynyng astarynda gharyshtyq qauipsizdik qorqynyshy jatyr.

Shyndyghynda, gharyshty iygeru tәjiriybesining ózinen әskery ýstemdikke úmtylu ambisiyasy seziledi. Tariyhqa jýginsek, gharyshqa úshyrylghan alghashqy nysan – V-2 nemis ballistikalyq zymyrany bolatyn. Kezinde gharyshty iygeru syltauymen AQSh ta, KSRO da qúrlyqaralyq ballistikalyq zymyrandar jasaumen ainalysqany belgili.

Qyrghiy-qabaq soghys ayaqtalghan song jiyrma jyl boyy gharyshty birge iygeruge jasalghan azghana talpynystyng ayasynda AQSh pen Resey arasynda astyrtyn bәseke jýrgeni mәlim. Halyqaralyq gharysh stansiyasynda qay elding astronavty qansha uaqytqa jiberiledi degen mәsele talay kelissózderge arqau boldy.

Jaqynda Aq Ýy jariyalaghan «Últtyq qauipsizdik strategiyasy» atty qújatta «Gharyshtaghy qauipsizdik» arnayy tarmaq retinde kórsetilgen. Búl qújatqa sәikes, AQSh gharyshty kommersiyalyq payda tabu maqsatynda da, beybit maqsatta da, últtyq qauipsizdikti qamtamasyz etu ýshin әskery maqsatta da paydalanady. Gharyshqa sapar shegudi úiymdastyru isine búdan bylay jeke kompaniyalar da atsalysatyn bolady. Sonday-aq, AQSh gharysh jýiesine tóner qaterding aldyn alugha da baryn salmaq.

Jana ghasyrda AQSh ghylymy janalyqtar men jana tehnologiya­lardy damytugha basymdyq berip otyr. Búl gharyshty iygeruge de, adam ómirin jaqsartugha da, ekonomikany damytugha da, әskery qorghanysty kýsheytuge de qatysty. Sondyqtan Obama komandasy úsynyp otyrghan jana budjette ghylym men tehnikagha bólinetin qarjy kólemin kóbeytu kózdelgen. 2016 jylgha arnalghan qorghanys salasynyng budjeti Kongress qarauyna jiberildi. Eger búl joba ózgerissiz qabyldanar bolsa, kelesi jyly Obama qorghanys salasyna 534 milliard dollar júmsaudy josparlap otyr. Onyng 70 milliardy zertteu júmystaryna arnalady. Áriyne, Pentagonnyng qúpiya josparlary da bar, oghan bólinetin shyghyn kólemi aitylmaydy.

Shyndyghynda, AQSh-tyng әskery zertteuler men jobalargha júmsaytyn shyghyn kólemi Fransiya men Reseymen salystyrghanda eki ese kóp, al Qytay men Germaniyamen salystyrsaq, toghyz ese artyq eken. 2005 jyldan beri Aq Ýy ghylymy zertteuler men jobalar shyghynyn 22 payyzgha qysqartqan edi. Endi Obama osy olqylyqtyng ornyn toltyrmaq.

Búghan qosa, AQSh Marsqa astronavtar attandyru jobasyn jýzege asyrugha kiristi. NASA úshyrghan «Orion» gharysh kemesi alghashqy synaqtardan sәtti ótken.

AQSh gharyshty iygeruge den qoyghanda, Resey gharyshtyq qauip­sizdikke basymdyq berip otyr. Ótken jyldyng sonynda әlemdik basylymdar Reseyding gharyshqa belgisiz sputnik úshyrghany jayly jarysa jazghan edi. BBC saytynda jariyalanghan mәlimetke sәikes, Resey qolgha alghan gharyshtyq jobalar qarsylastyng gharysh kemeleri men tynshylyq sputnikterin joigha arnalghan kórinedi. BÚÚ-na bergen mәlimetinde Resey gharyshqa tórt sputnik úshyrghanyn habarlaghan, biraq olardyng maqsaty jayly mardymdy mәlimet joq. Britandyq «Financial Times» gazeti osyghan oray basylymnyng birinshi betinde «Reseyding sputnikterge qarsy qaruy ma?» atty material jariya­lady.

AQSh-tyng da, Reseyding de songhy kezde gharyshtyq jobalargha qatty kónil bóluine Qytaydyng әreketi týrtki boluy mýmkin degen pikir bar. Qytay eshqanday mәlimdemesiz, dabyra úransyz-aq gharyshtyq derjavagha ainaldy. Ol býgingi tanda AQSh pen Reseyden keyingi jeke-dara gharyshtyq sapar úiymdastyrugha qabiletti ýshinshi el. Qytaydyng gharyshtyq baghdarlamany qarqyndy damytugha kiriskeni sonsha, aldaghy uaqytta Aygha adam qonystandyrudy josparlap otyr. Onyng ýstine, Qytaydyng DF-31 jana ballistikalyq zymyrandaryn jetildirip, «Tyanigun-2» ekinshi orbitalyq stansiya qúrumen ainalysyp jatqany belgili.

«Financial Times» gazetining jazuynsha, Qytay 2007 jyly óz zymyranynyng kómegimen gharyshtaghy isten shyqqan bir sputnikti atyp týsirgen. Al 2008 jyly múny AQSh ta qaytalady. Búdan song byltyr mamyr aiynda Qytaydyng «Shiszyani-15» sputniygi gharyshtaghy basqa sputnikti isten shygharugha qabiletti ekenin kórsetti. Qytaydyng búl synaq tәjiriybesi AQSh pen Euroodaq tarapynan syngha úshyrady, olar gharyshtaghy sputnikterdi isten shygharugha arnalghan jerden basqarylatyn qaru jasady dep aiyptady. Biraq múnday aiyptaular men mәlimdemelerge qaramastan, Qytay óz әskery quatyn damytyp, gharyshtyq derjava qabiletin kýsheytip jatyr.

Keybir reseylik sarapshylar AQSh qansha tyryssa da, 2025 jylgha deyin zamyrannan qorghanys jýiesin tolyq jýzege asyra almaydy dep sanaydy. AQSh-tyng qazirgi «qalqany» Soltýstik Koreyanyng yadrolyq zymyrandaryn toqtatugha ghana qabiletti desedi. Al Reseyding búl baghyttaghy zertteu júmysy qarsylastyng qorghanys jýiesin búzugha jәne óz zymyrandaryn jetildiruge baghyttalghan.

Biraq 2025 jylgha kóz tigip ne kerek, 2015 jyly ghalamdy ne kýtip túrghany belgisiz. Jer betindegi territoriyalyq talastar, geosayasy ýstemdikke úmtylys gharyshtyq atys-shabysqa, zymyrandar soqtyghysyna úlaspasyn deniz. Marsqa keme úshyryp, Aygha adam qonystandyrudy kózdegen alpauyttar neden tartynar?

Gýlbighash OMAR, Úlybritaniya

Derekkózi: «Týrkistan» aptalyghy, 01.03.2015