Qyrghyz Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ómirbayany óte qyzyqty qúbylys - aziyalyq jәne europalyq qasiyetterding qosyndysy. Shyqqan tegi boyynsha Uәlihanov ózderin Shynghyshan túqymymyz dep esepteytin qyrghyz aristokratiyasyna jatatyn (ol 1830 jyldyng ekinshi jartysynda tughan)*1. Ol - qyrghyzdyng songhy hany Uәliyding nemeresi jәne Orta jýz qyrghyzdarynyng Reseyge qosyluy oryn alghan kezde biylik qúrghan Abylay hannyng shóberesi. Shoqan qyrghyz dalasynda, Qúsmúryn (Tobyl guberniyasy, Petropavldan ontýstik-batysqa qaray) mekeninde tughan. Músylmansha esimi - Múhammed-Hanafiya; Shoqan - erkeletken aty. Ol kezinde óz әkesi bilim alghan, qyrqynshy jyldary kazak әskery uchiliyshesinen kadet korpusy bolyp ózgertilgen Omby kadet korpusynda oqydy. Shoqan bir auyz oryssha bilmey korpusqa týsip, 1853 jyly ofiyser bolyp shyqty (óz qatarlastarynan bir jyl erte bitirdi, sebebi basqa últ ókili bolghandyqtan arnauly әskery ghylymdardy tyndaugha qúqy bolmady).

Qyrghyz Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ómirbayany óte qyzyqty qúbylys - aziyalyq jәne europalyq qasiyetterding qosyndysy. Shyqqan tegi boyynsha Uәlihanov ózderin Shynghyshan túqymymyz dep esepteytin qyrghyz aristokratiyasyna jatatyn (ol 1830 jyldyng ekinshi jartysynda tughan)*1. Ol - qyrghyzdyng songhy hany Uәliyding nemeresi jәne Orta jýz qyrghyzdarynyng Reseyge qosyluy oryn alghan kezde biylik qúrghan Abylay hannyng shóberesi. Shoqan qyrghyz dalasynda, Qúsmúryn (Tobyl guberniyasy, Petropavldan ontýstik-batysqa qaray) mekeninde tughan. Músylmansha esimi - Múhammed-Hanafiya; Shoqan - erkeletken aty. Ol kezinde óz әkesi bilim alghan, qyrqynshy jyldary kazak әskery uchiliyshesinen kadet korpusy bolyp ózgertilgen Omby kadet korpusynda oqydy. Shoqan bir auyz oryssha bilmey korpusqa týsip, 1853 jyly ofiyser bolyp shyqty (óz qatarlastarynan bir jyl erte bitirdi, sebebi basqa últ ókili bolghandyqtan arnauly әskery ghylymdardy tyndaugha qúqy bolmady).

Ol sol kezdegi Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Gasfortqa adiutant bolyp taghayyndaldy. Shoqannyng damuyna eng aldymen onyng óz tabighy daryny sebep bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan Omby qoghamynyng biraz bilimdi adamdarynyng oghan ózge últ ókili retinde yqylasy әser etti. Gutkovskiyler, Kapustinder, marqúm S. Ya. Kapustin onyng eng jaqyn dostary boldy. Gutkovskiy gubernatordyng joldasy, Sibir qazaqtary oblysynyng mengerushisi bolghan kezde, Shoqanmen arasy jaqynday týsip, oghan qyrghyzdardy basqaru turaly jazba dayyndaudy tapsyrdy1.

Sol jyldary Batys Sibir ólkesin aralaghan P. P. Semenov Shoqangha qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, ony erekshe túlgha dep tanydy, onyng bilimdiligine jәne Týrkistan turaly әdebiyetterdi kóp oqyghanyna tanqaldy. Uәlihanov qazanamasynda aitylghanday (P. P. Semenovtyng mәlimetterine sýiene jazylghan), 1858 jyly (Shyghys Týrkistandaghy ýzilissiz tolqular men kóterilister sebebinen Batys Sibir basshylyghy) «Qashghar jaghdayy turaly jergilikti jerden nanymdy maghlúmattar alu ýshin jәne búl ózi әbden qoldan keletin, mýmkindiginshe jan-jaqty zerttep, bilip keletin, Ortalyq Aziyanyng osy bólikterindegi sauda joldaryn zertteu ýshin senimdi adamdy attandyru qajet boldy. Tapsyrma óte qauipti boldy, ony oryndaytyn adam batyl sheshimdi, kóregen, bayqaghysh, sonymen qosa tatar tili men shyghystyq salt-dәstýrdi bilui kerek boldy, sebebi aziyalyq kiyimmen jýru kerek edi». Búl sharttargha Uәlihanovtan artyq say keletin adam tabu qiyn edi. 1858 jyldyng mausymynda ol semeylik bay sart kópesting keruenimen erterekte Qashgharda ómir sýrip, keyinnen Reseyge qonys audarghan otbasynan shyqqan jas sart saudager retinde. Álim degen atpen attandy. Uәlihanov shashyn taqyrlap alghyzyp, aziyalyqsha kiyinip, Semeyden keruenmen shyqty. Keruen Qashghargha aman-sau jetti, al 1859 jyldyng kókteminde qazirgi Vernyy qalasyna oraldy. Qazanamadan: «Búl sayahat geografiyalyq erlik boldy. Marko Polo zamanynan beri osy qalada óltirilgen baqytsyz Adolif Shlagintveytty aitpaghanda, Qashghargha birde-bir europalyq kire alghan joq» - dep oqimyz. Shoqandy ózi atyn alghan Álimnin*2 tuystary qarsy alyp, oghan quanyp, onyng oralu qúrmetine toy jasalyp, súlu qalyndyq tauyp (jergilikti salt boyynsha qalada túrghan kezde) Shoqandy ýilendirdi.

Qashghar ólkesi búl kezende endi ghana tónkeristi bastan ótkergen bolatyn, ony jasaghan kóterilisshi Yakub bek2 edi, sondyqtan órtting jalyny әli basyla qoymaghan. Uәlihanov Qashghar alanynan adamnyng bas sýieginen túrghyzylghan piramidany kórdi, túrghyndar solardyng arasynda Shlagintveyttyng da basy bar desti. Qashghardaghy biylik basyndaghylar Álim atyn jamylghan orys ofiyseri jasyrynyp jýr degen habar aldy, biraq ol tym kesh jetti: keruen Reseyge oralyp ýlgergen edi. Qashghardan qughynshylar jiberilip, alayda olar keruendi quyp jete almady, ol orys shekarasynan ótip ketti.

Shamasy kadet korpusynyng tas qabyrghasyndaghy ómirden bastap Shoqannyng densaulyghyna ziyan kelgen bolar. Ony әr jaz sayyn tughan jerine jiberip túrghanymen, biraq búl saparlardan jinaghan kýsh-quat ol qys boyy joghaltqan densaulyghyn qalpyna keltire almady. Qashghar sapary ayaqtalghannan keyin ony Peterborgha shaqyrdy, biraq astananyng aua rayy men ómiri onyng densaulyghyn odan әri tómendetti: odan ókpe auruynyng belgisi tabylyp, dәrigerler kelesi jyly tughan dalasyna qaytugha kenes berdi. Búdan keyin ol qyrda ómir sýrdi (Kókshetau okruginde), qysta Ombygha baryp túrdy. General Chernyaev Tashkentke alghashqy ekspedisiya shygharghan kezde, Uәlihanov búl sapargha shaqyryldy, biraq әskery joryqtargha tózbey jәne general Chernyaevpen is jýrgizu barysynda kelispeushilikter tuyp Vernyigha oraldy. Onyng derti mendep (Qúlja ólkesimen shekaralas) qyrghyz auylynda 1864 jyly 31 jasynda dýnie saldy3.

Uәlihanovtyng baspa betinde jaryq kórgen jazbalary sanauly ghana, olar Geografiyalyq qoghamynyng basylymdarynda jariyalandy: «Jonghariya ocherkteri» («Jazbalar», 1861 j., I II kitap), «1858-59 jyldardaghy Altyshar nemese Qytay provinsiyasy Nan-Ludyng (Kishi Búhara) alty shyghystyq qalasynyng jaghdayy turaly» (sonda, III kitap), 1868 jylghy «Geografiyalyq qogham habarshysynda» (IV t. 2 bólim) Uәlihanovtyng Qashghargha sapary turaly habarlandyru basylghan*3.

Biraq Uәlihanov jinaghan maghlúmattardyng bәri basylghan joq. Onyng qoljazbalary iz-týssiz joghalyp ketti4. «Orta Aziya tarihy, etnografiyasy jәne geografiyasy jayly material jinau ýshin Uәlihanov eshnәrseden ayanbady, - delingen qazanamada, - óz halqynyng anyz, әngime, poema, qissa-dastandaryn múqiyat jazyp aldy, ómirine qauip tóngenine qaramastan, eski jәdigerlerdi satyp alyp, kóne qoljazbalardy jinady... Uәlihanov óz eline tereng adaldyghyn saqtady, ol qazaq ómirin sýidi, sonymen birge batys órkeniyetin baghalay aldy, óz halqynyng bolashaghyn tek Resey qanatynyng astynan kórdi». Uәlihanovty jaqsy biletin adamdar onyng aqyl-oyynyng kelistigi jәne baghyt-baghdary jaghynan orys batysshyly bolghandyghyn aitady: Ol Reseydi shyn jaqsy kórdi, onyng kemshilikterin kóre bildi, jaqsy adamdarmen birge onyng janaruyn shyn jýrekten tiledi. Shoqan alpysynshy jyldardaghy qozghalysqa qyzyghushylyq tanytty. Diny túrghydan alghanda ol erkin oishyl boldy, biraq óz halqymen baylanysyn ýzbes ýshin músylman bolyp qaldy.