Qazaqstannyng aqparattyq naryghynda shet memleketterding 2392 búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary, sonyng ishinde 2309 gazetter men jurnaldar jәne 83 tele-radiobaghdarlamalar taratylady degen resmy derekter keltirilgen búrynghy Aqparat  jәne mәdeniyet ministrligi saytynda. Orta eseppen alghanda qazaqstandyq BAQ-tyng 30% reseylik BAQ-tyng ýlesinde [1].

Sonday-aq atalghan resmy derekter boyynsha elimizdegi sheteldik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng jalpy sanynyng 90%-y orys tilinde, 5%-y aghylshyn jәne 5%-y basqa tilderde (keltirilgen san myna tilderding jalpy qosyndysynan berilip otyr: grek, nemis, golland, ispan, portugal, shved, gruziyn, armyan, fransuz, korey jәne basqa) taratylady. Kórsetilgen basylymdardyng taqyryptyq baghyttary: aqparattyq-oyyn-sauyqtyq; aptasyna bes ret shyghatyn qoghamdyq-sayasi; qalghandary salalyq bolyp keledi.

Atalghan búqaralyq-medianyng taqyryptyq baghyttaryna taldau kórsetkendey, halyq arasynda sheteldik BAQ-nyng jalpy sanynyng 83%-yn qúraytyn oiyn-sauyqtyq basylymdar men telebaghdarlamalar keninen taralghan.

Qazaqstannyng aqparattyq naryghynda shet memleketterding 2392 búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary, sonyng ishinde 2309 gazetter men jurnaldar jәne 83 tele-radiobaghdarlamalar taratylady degen resmy derekter keltirilgen búrynghy Aqparat  jәne mәdeniyet ministrligi saytynda. Orta eseppen alghanda qazaqstandyq BAQ-tyng 30% reseylik BAQ-tyng ýlesinde [1].

Sonday-aq atalghan resmy derekter boyynsha elimizdegi sheteldik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng jalpy sanynyng 90%-y orys tilinde, 5%-y aghylshyn jәne 5%-y basqa tilderde (keltirilgen san myna tilderding jalpy qosyndysynan berilip otyr: grek, nemis, golland, ispan, portugal, shved, gruziyn, armyan, fransuz, korey jәne basqa) taratylady. Kórsetilgen basylymdardyng taqyryptyq baghyttary: aqparattyq-oyyn-sauyqtyq; aptasyna bes ret shyghatyn qoghamdyq-sayasi; qalghandary salalyq bolyp keledi.

Atalghan búqaralyq-medianyng taqyryptyq baghyttaryna taldau kórsetkendey, halyq arasynda sheteldik BAQ-nyng jalpy sanynyng 83%-yn qúraytyn oiyn-sauyqtyq basylymdar men telebaghdarlamalar keninen taralghan.

Qazirgi uaqytta Qazaqstan aumaghynda sheteldik elektrondyq búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryn taratu qyzmetin úsynatyn kabelidik jәne efirlik-kabelidik televiziya jýiesining 80-nen astam operatory qyzmet atqarady. Búl sektordy «Alma-TV», «Kazsentr-TV», «Ayna-TV», «Sekatel» sekildi birneshe iri operatorlar úsynady. Respublika aumaghynda sheteldik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryn taratushy iri mekemeler: «Qazposhta» AAQ, «AiyF-Qazaqstan» SP» JShS, «Evraziya press» JAQ, «Alma-TV» JAQ, «Sekatel» JShS, «Kazsentr-TV». Olar taratatyn búqaralyq-medianyng jiyntyq týrdegi kólemi - 70%. Sheteldik ónimdi taratushylardyng 93%-y - zandy túlghalar.

Býginde әlemde aldynghy qatarly damyghan elderdi aiqyndau aqparattyq qorlardy iyelenu men damytu ólshemderimen ólshenetin kezeng tuyndap otyrghany shyndyq. Qogham damuyn materialdyq qorlarmen emes aqparattyq-kommunikasiyalyq iygilikterdi óndiru, damytu jәne paydalanu ólshemderimen aiqyndauda. Damushy elder sol aqparat óndirisinde tútynushy retinde ghana qatysyp otyrghan elder sanaluda. Býginde damu jolyna týsken elder  aqparatty tútynumen birge, ózining de aqparat óndiru әleuetin jetildirude. Sol elderding qatarynda Qytay, Ýndistan, Malayziya, Týrkiya, Resey, Braziliya jәne t.b  siyaqty elderdi jatqyzugha bolady.

Degenmen qazirgi uaqytta Qazaqstandaghy aqparatty jinau, әzirleu, jalpy últtyq aqparat tili retinde damytu orys tili arqyly qoldanyluda. Memlekettik mәrtebesi bar qazaq tili aqparattyng tili emes, audarmanyng tili bolyp otyr. Qazaq tili aqparatty siniru emes, orys tili arqyly singen aqparatty tәrjimalau tili kýiinde qalyp otyr. Búl songhy kezderi jii aitylatyn sayasy aqparattyng sapasy men beriluine qoyylar ótkir synnyng biri bolyp otyr.

Aqparat pen kommunikasiya jyldam damyp otyrghan qoghamda aqparatty paydalanu jәne onyng óndirisin damytu sol ýshin de manyzdy sanalmaq. Ásirese, búl әlem elderining basym bóliginde aqparat industriyasyn damytu ýderisinen bayqaluda.

Sheteldik mass-medianyng sayasy biylikpen qarym-qatynasyn zertteude Qazaqstannyng sheteldermen sayasat salasyndaghy aqparattyq-kommunikativtik baylanys ornatu tәjiriybesi manyzdy sanalmaq. Qazaqstannyng búqaralyq aqparat jәne kommunikasiya kenistiginde reseylik BAQ-tyng ýlesi basymdyqta.

2003 j. 18 aqpanda Resey jәne Qazaqstan mәngi dostyq elder retinde ant qabylaghan bolatyn. Osynau eki el arasynda manyzdy sayasy sharada QR Preziydenti N. Nazarbaev: «Bizder bir-birine eshqanday qaryzy joq, qarama-qayshylyghy, sheshilmegen problemalary joq memlekettermiz»,-degen bolatyn [2].

Qazaqstannyng Reseymen aqparattyq-kommunikativtik qarym-qatynastarynyng damuy, әriyne, eng aldymen, eki el arasyndaghy sayasy qarym-qatynastargha qatysty damyp, halyqaralyq aqparat kenistiginde jana baghyttaghy aqparattar aghynyn tudyratyny ras. Atap aitqanda, eki el arasyndaghy sayasy aqparattyq baylanystar memlekettik dengeyde ótetin iri oqighalar men el basshylarynyng issparalary kezinde belsene týsetini anyq. Mәselen, Reseyding búrynghy memleket basshysy V. Putin eki el arasyndaghy mәngi dostyqty qabyldau sharasynda sayasy kommunikativtik prosesterding damuyna negiz bolarlyq baghyttardyng birin  bylaysha atap ótedi: «Biz birlesip halyqaralyq lankestikke, aimaqtyq qaqtyghystardy retteuge, transúlttyq qylmysqa qarsy yntymaqtastyqta bolamyz, sonday-aq Resey men Qazaqstannyng aldaghy uaqytta birlesken manyzdy aqparattyq jobalary,  eki jaqty qauymdastyq kezdesuleri jýzege aspaq» [3].

Suret 1 - Reseylik memlekettik media-resurstar (Sankt-Peterburg memlekettik uniyversiyteti MassMedia ortalyghynyng mәlimetterinen)

Reseydegi Qazaqstan, Qazaqstan Reseydegi jyldary eki el arasyndaghy strategiyalyq seriktestik pen perspektivalyq yntymaqtastyq sayasy aqparattyq prosesterding de damuyna aitarlyqtay yqpal etti.

Býginde Qazaqstannyng búqaralyq media naryghyndaghy reseylik merzimdi basylymdar jәne elektrondyq BAQ, telekommunikasiya operatorlarynyng aitarlyqtay ýlesining basty faktory retinde jahandyq mega-mediakompaniyalardyn  transúlttyq aqparat jәne kommunikasiya naryghyn iyelenu strategiyasynan dep sanaugha bolady.

Qazaqstandyq búqaralyq media sektorynda reseylik jetekshi sayasy saraptamalyq basylymdar men elektrondy BAQ-tyng menshik iyelerine qatysy: memlekettik jәne mekemenshik mediakonsernderding media-resurstarynyng aralas shoghyrlanuy tәn.

Yaghni, qazaqstandyq sayasy media-sektorda aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding belsendi qatysushysy sanalatyn «Birinshi arnadan» bastap basqa da elektrondyq BAQ qorlarynyng basym bóligi memlekettik búqaralyq aqparat kózderi bolyp sanalady (1 suret).

Sonday-aq, Qazaqstandaghy merzimdi basylym auditoriyasyn iyelenip otyrghan kóptegen BAQ ónimderi jahandyq әigili «Sanoma WSOY» kompaniyasyna qarasty «Independent Mediy»,  «Feshn Press» baspa ýilerine tiyesili «Cosmopolitan» «Harper's Bazaar» «Men's Health» elitarlyq, ekskluzivtik basylymdary, «inayted Press» baspa ýiine qarasty «Yes!», «The Moskow Times», sonday-aq «Informasionnye sistemy» RBK qaramaghyndaghy «Liza»  «Playboy»  «Burda»  «Oops!» siyaqty eng auditoriyasy joghary mediaónimderdi ataugha bolady [4].

Qazaqstandyq búqaralyq sayasy aqparattyq kenistiktegi reseylik BAQ sektorynyng basymdyghymen qatar, kommunikasiyalyq jetekshi operatorlar qyzmetining de osy prosesterding kәsibi, jyldam, sapaly jýzege asuyna da yqpalyn tiygizip otyr.  Aqparttyq-kommunikatviytik baghyttaghy birlesken jobalardyng qatarynda aldymen IT-industriyasynyng damuyna arnalghan «Kazsat» serigin әzirleuden bastyp, gharyshtyq kenistiktegi tehnikalyq qoldaudy ataugha bolady.

Eki el arasyndaghy aqparattyq-kommunikativtik qarym-qatynastardyng kelesi baghyty - telekommunikasiya naryghyndaghy operatorlar qyzmeti. Búlardyng qatarynda naryqtyng basty qatysushysy, jetekshisi Beeline. Sonday-aq kabelidik habar taratatyn «Sekatel» kompaniyasy, sonymen qatar  «AiyF-Qazaqstan» SP», «Evraziya press» JAQ, «Interfaks» t.b. aqparattyq jelileri, agenttikteri jatady.

Avtordyng oiynsha, eki el arasyndaghy massmedia jәne kommunikasiya salasyndaghy seriktestik pen yntymaqtastyqtyng aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterge tiygizer yqpalyn mynaday faktorlarmen aiqyndaugha bolady.

Qazaqstan-Resey sayasy qarym-qatynasyndaghy jahandyq jәne TMD elderi sammiyti, sayasy kezdesuler, baspasóz-konferensiyalary, brifingter, memorandum sәtteri t.b. barlyq memlekettik manyzdy sharalar kәsiby túrghyda mediagha dayarlanyp, óndeluimen, Euraziya qúrlyghyna jәne әlem elderine jyldam taraluymen jәne de, eng bastysy, sayasy kommunikativtik habarlamalar, aqparattar, mәlimdemelerding obektivtiligin qamtasyz etu bolyp sanalady.

Kelesi bir faktor - eki elding arasyndaghy sayasy kommunikativtik qarym-qatynastardyng memlekettik aqparattyq sayasat ayasynda mәdeniyetaralyq, últaralyq, konfessiyaaralyq sipattaghy, óner,  bilim beru t.b. qoghamdyq ómirding barlyq salalaryn qamtityn jobalardyng jýzege asuyn aqparattyq-kommunikatitvik qoldau bolyp sanalady. Búl orayda, Qazaqstandaghy  Resey jylyna qatysty Internet portaldyng júmysy [5], Mәskeu ónirlik «Qazaq tili» qoghamynyng veb-portaly [6] osynau mindetterdi jýzege asyryp, jahandyq jelidegi virtualdyq dialogty damytyp  otyrghan jobalar.

Elimizge kelip jatqan aqparat aghynynyn   eng quattysy Resey tarapynan. Reseyding joghary bilikti kәsiby telebaghdarlamalary men birneshe radiosansalardyng retranslyasiyasyn, búqaranyng basym bóligin jinap otyrghan baspasózin, izdestiru jýiesi damyghan Runetti qosa ataugha bolady.

Degenmen qazaqstandyq aqparattyq-kommunikativtik kenistikting belsendi qatysushysy, elimizdegi aqparattyq aghyndardy týiistiretin arnasy retinde  Reseyding býgingi basym pozisiyasy qoghamdyq úiymdar, oppozisiya tarapynan synalyp jatady.

Qazaqstandyq aqparat alany birneshe aqparat aghyny toghysatyn  qoyma retinde aitylatyn syny materialda mynaday faktorlar atalady [7].

Aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding damuyndaghy birinshi atalatyny til mәselesi. Qazaqstangha taralatyn reseylik mass-media ónimderining qazaq tilinde berilmeui olardyng otandyq BAQ-pen salystyrghanda bәsekege qabilettigine yqpaly bolyp otyr. Óitkeni búqaralyq auditoriyany tartuda reseylik BAQ tek orystildi túrghyndar arasynda bәsekelese alady. Degenmen qazaqstandyq búqara ýshin basty aqparat kózi televiziya ekenin eskersek, Reseyding «Birinshi arnasy» Qazaqstandaghy «Euraziya» arnasy  logotiypimen efirde jariyalanghanymen, basty aqparattyq aghyn reseylik bolyp otyr.

Áriyne, búl baghyttaghy aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding damuy tek orystildi auditoriyany qanaghattandyrghanymen, qazaqtildi kórermenderde otandyq TV ónimderin tútynudan basqa tandauy joq.  Sonday-aq qazaqtildi teleónimderding Resey  ne basqa memleketterding aqparattyq kenistigen keletin bәsekelesi joq. Óitkeni qazaqstandyq telearnalardyng qazaqtildi túraqtalghan auditoriyasy bar. Degenmen qazaqtildi saraptamalyq, sayasy aqparattyq  baghdarlamalar kóbinde búqaralyq media ókilderi tarapynan synaluda. Sonda atalghan kemshilikter qazaqtildik telearnalardyng tanymaldyghyn tómendete qoymasy anyq.

Búl, óz kezeginde qazaqstandyq búqaralyq mediaholdingter men mediakompaniyalardyng sheteldermen bәsekege qabiletti últtyq ónimderdi әzirlep qoymastan, sonyng pәrmendiligine baghyttalghan sayasatynyng әlsizdiginen bolyp tabylady.

Eki el arasyndaghy sayasy aqparattyq-kommunikativtik qarym-qatynastardyng ornauynda merzimdi baspasóz ónimderi túrady. Múny keyde kәsiby BAQ ókilderi «qazaqstandyq ekinshi rettik jurnalistika» degen syndaryn jasyrmaydy.

Qazaqstanda ózindik oqyrmandar auditoriyasy qalyptasqan reseylik baspasózder qatarynda «AIYF-Kazahstan», «Izvestiya-Kazahstan», «Novaya gazeta -  Kazahstan» t.b. sayasiy-qoghamdyq basylymdar bar. Múnday tanymal reseylik basylymdarda jergilikti frilanserler men tilshilerding materialdary qosa jariyalanady.

Qazaqstandaghy «AIYF» nemese «Izvestiya» t.b basylymdarda, býkilqazaqstandyq ónirlerdi qamtityn «Euraziya» arnasy, t.b. búqaralyq media efirlerinde reseylik aqparattyn, sayasi  habarlamanyng basym boluy,  sonday-aq mindetti aqparattyq jýktemening ýlesi artuy bayqalady.

Osy túrghydan alghanda, Almatydaghy «Áleumettik tehnologiyalar ortalyghynyn» 2006 j. qazan aiyndaghy Respublikadaghy  jetekshi basylymdardyng sayasiy-әleumettik manyzyna qaray aqparattyq oqighalardy jariyalau sayasatyna jýrgizgen kontent-taldauyn keltirsek [8]. Taldaugha qazaqstandyq merzimdi baspasózben qatar elimizde jariyalanatyn reseylik «MK v Kazahstane», «Komsomoliskaya pravda - Kazahstan»,  «Argumenty y fakty - Kazahstan», «Trud - Kazahstan», «Novaya gazeta Kazahstan», «Izvestiya - Kazahstan» siyaqty birqatar basylym materialdary alynghan. Aqparattyng manyzyna qaray manyzdy sanalatyn bes oqigha:

- Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy audan jәne oblys әkimderining saylaulary;

- Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti N. Nazarbaevtyng AQSh-qa resmy sapary;

- Qazaqstanda jýrgizilip otyrghan jemqorlyqpen kýres jónindegi nauqandy ong baghalau;

- Qaraghandy oblysyndaghy shahterler men metallurgterding kóterilisi;

- QR Preziydenti N. Nazarbaev pen RF Preziydenti V. Putinmen Oral q. kelissózderdi ong baghalau.

Mine, «Áleumettik tehnologiyalar ortalyghynyn» empirikalyq zertteulerden bayqalghany, 2006 j. qazan aiyndaghy Qazaqstannyng sayasiy-әleumettik ómirinde bes manyzdy aqparattyq oqighany Qazaqstanda jaryq kóretin jogharyda atalghan reseylik baspasózder basty aqparattyq oqigha retinde qabyldamaghan.

Reseylik mediaónimderding qazaqstandyq túraqty auditoriyasynyn: oqyrmandary men kórermenderining óz elindegi sayasy oqighalardan, sayasy janalyqtardan alastap qaluy - olardyng sayasy sauaty men mәdeniyetine, týpten kelgende sayasy qatysushy azamat retinde sayasy sanasyna әseri artuy qater әkeletin faktorlardyng biri retinde qarastyrghan jón.

Búl jaghdayda resmy sayasy biylik búqara halqynyng otandyq arnalar arqyly sayasy kommunikativtik prosesterden shettep qalmauyn, kerisinshe, sonyng belsendi qatysushysy, oryndaushysy, baqylaushysy boluyna imkemdeytin  memlekettik aqparattyq sayasattyng baghyty retinde qarastyru dúrys.

Qazaq-resey taraptarynyng basty aqparattyq aghyndarynyng damu dinamikasyn qarastyrsaq. Qazaqstanda jergilikti telearna, radiostansalarynyn  auditoriyasynan elimizde taraytyn efirlik reseylik arnalardyng túraqty auditoriyasy basymdau. Búnday ýrdisting oryn aluy  otandyq teleónimderding joghary sapasy men bәsekege qabilettigi salystyrmaly týrde tómendiginen deuge bolady.

Elimizdegi búqaralyq aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding belsendi qatysushysy retinde otandyq televiziyanyng bolashaqta damuy tolyqtay tәuelsiz derbestikti qajet etedi. Búl kezekte, әsirese, qazaqstandyq media naryqtaghy jarqyn sayasy pozisiyasymen tanylghan «31» arnanyng reseylik «STS» televiziyasy aksiyasynyng basym bóligine iyelenuin ataugha bolady.

Kelesi kezektegi problemalar qatarynda, sarapshylardang pikirinshe, Qazaqstandaghy Internet kenistigin retteu turaly Zangha ózgeristerding engizilui bolyp sanalady. Búl otandyq Kaznet sektoryndaghy tútynushylardyng Runet zonasyna migrasiyalanu prosesin arttyra otyryp, jalpy sayasy kommunikativtik prosesterdin, virtualidyq sayasy aqparat kenistiginin, iynernet-biznestin, internet-jarnamanyn  damuyna kedergi keltiredi dep sanaydy [9].

Búqaralyq media jәne internet sektordaghy atalmysh problemalar otandyq aqparattyq aghyndardyng әlsireuine әkelmek. Búl, óz kezeginde, qazaqstandyq azamattardyng últtyq Kaznet aimaghynan reseylik, sheteldik Internet sektoryna auqymdy týrde auysuyna yqpal etude.

Biylik tarapynan saliqaly últtyq aqparattyq sayasat qajettigi, aqparattyq qauipsizdik mәselesi atalghanymen, aqparattyq kenistik pen aqparattyq aghyndar segmentindegi osynau problemalardy sheshude, retteude sayasy sheshimder qajet.

Bizding otandyq búqaralyq media bәsekege qabiletti naryqta, eng aldymen, memlekettik manyzdy mәselelerdi búqara jariyalaytyn, biylik pen aralyq toptar arasyndaghy sayasy kommunikativtik baylanystardy jetildirudi qamtamasyz etushi quatty da әleuetti qúral rólinde yqzmetin jetildirui tiyis.

Áriyne, eki el arasyndaghy búqaralyq media naryghynyng óte belsendi damuy osynday birqatar problemalardy kýn tәrtibine qoyyp otyr. Múnday ýrdisterding odan әri damymauy ýshin de otandyq memlekettik aqparattyq sayasat túrghysynan alghanda otandyq  TV naryghyn bәsekege qabilettigin arttyrudyng sharalaryn qarastyru, jýzege asyru qajet.

Memlekettik manyzdy aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterdi jýzege asyruda, әriyne, reseylik media  sektoryn shettetuden góri solardyng ozyq tәjiriybesi, bilikti mamandaryn birlesken jobalargha tartqan jón. Búl birinshi jaghynan,  memleket tarapynan qazaqstandyq elektrondyq, merzimdik media sektorynyng bәsekege qabilettigi artuymen qatar kәsiby týrde aqparattyq aghyndardyng retteluin, últtyq aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterdin  ýilesuine ong yqpal etpek.

Resey-Qazaqstan aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding aghyny tek bir taraptan, Resey jaghynan basymdyqta boluy mass-media salasynda birqatar zannamalyq aktiler men erejelerdi qayta qarastyrudy talap etedi.

Degenmen eki el arasyndaghy sayasy kommunikativtik prosesterding damu  dinamikasy aitarlyqtay ong pozisiyada ekendigin basa aitu kerek. Búl, aldymen, eki memleket arasyndaghy dostyq pen yntymaqtastyqqa negizdelgen halyqaralyq sayasy prosesterding damuy saldarynan tuyndaghan sayasy kommunikativtik almasulardyng kәsiby dengeyde damuy bolyp tabylady.  Sonday-aq atalghan aqparattyq-kommunikativtik prosesterding qazaqstandyq túrghyndar ýshin europalyq mәdeny qúndylyqtar, demokratiyalyq jәne gumanistik qúndylyqtardy tanyp, biluine ong yqpalyn ataugha bolady. Áriyne, býgingi aqparattyq qoghamnyng ókili retinde bir memleketting azamaty tútas jahandyq dengeyde aqparat qabylday alatyn, ony taldap, saraptay alatyn jahandyq túlghagha ainalyp otyrghanyn úmytpaghan abzal.

Ádebiyetter:

1  http://mki.gov.kz/showarticle.php?lang=kaz&id=2487

2  Osipov O. Rossiya y Kazahstan poklyalisi v vechnoy drujbe // RIA Novosti. - 2003. - 18 fevralya

3  Osipov O. Rossiya y Kazahstan poklyalisi v vechnoy drujbe // RIA Novosti. - 2003. - 18 fevralya

4  Korporativtik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary: tәjiriybesi, mәseleleri, keleshegi // Sankt-Peterburg memlekettik uniyversiyteti MassMedia ortalyghy HI halyqaralyq mektebi. Spb., 2008. - 29 mausym-6 shilde

5  http://www.russia.kz/index.html

6  http://kazakh-tili.ru/?show=news&id=474

7  Dva raznyh TV - dva raznyh Kazahstana // Respublika - delovoe obozreniye. - 2009. -  10 iilya

8  http://ia-centr.ru/archive/public_detailsdefa.html?id=244

9  Dva raznyh TV - dva raznyh Kazahstana // Respublika - delovoe obozreniye. - 2009. -  10 iilya