Asadullaev Ýiinde 1917 jyldyng 1–11 mamyrynda ótken músylmandar qúryltayy

Tarihy miniatura

Jahansha Dosmúhamedov

Mәskeu. 1917 jylghy mamyr aiy. Asadullaev Ýiinde kýlliresey músylmandarynyng qúryltayy ótip jatyr. Qúryltaydy Petrogradtaghy búrynghy Memdumanyng músylmandar fraksiyasy júmys istegen ghimaratta otyrghan Uaqytsha músylman burosy әzirlegen-tin. Ataqty әzirbayjan kәsipkeri, elindegi múnay kәsipshiliginde iri alpauyt-ónerkәsipshil dәrejesine jetken Shәmsy Asadullaev aqsaqal músylman júrty iygiligine arnap saldyrghan ghimarattyng ýlken zaly halyqqa lyq toly.

Shәmsy Asadullaev

Ótemis múnda Uaqytsha buronyng tóraghasy Ahmed Salikov bastaghan toppen birge kelgen. Kelisimen osyndaghy  buro mýshesi Ayaz Ishaqovtyng jigitterine qosyldy da, úiymdastyru júmystaryna bel sheshe kirisip ketti. Sosyn mýmkindiginshe qúryltay otyrystaryna qatysyp otyrugha tyrysty. Patsha taqtan qúlaghannan keyingi bolashaq memlekettik qúrylym, jýrip jatqan jahandyq soghys mәselelerine baylanysty tuyndaghan qyzu pikirtalasqa jiti qúlaq týrdi. Sýisintken sózder kóp bolghanmen, ózi qadirleytin tatar jazushysy, qúryltaydyng osy Asadullaev Ýiinde jaghdayly ótuine tikeley әser etken qalamger әm sayasatker Ayaz Ishaqovtyng ýlken minberden aitqan bir sózin kóniline ala, tiksine tyndady.

 Ayaz Ishakiy

Ótemis  búghan deyin onyng «Eki jýz jyl ótkennen keyin azghyndap ólu» degen fantastikalyq hikayatyn oqyp, tereng oigha qalghan edi. Sol tuyndysynda Ayaz Ishaky tatar halqyn eki ghasyrdan keyin әbden azyp-tozyp, joq bolatyn etnos retinde kórsetken. Oqyghan adamnyng qany qyzdyratyn,  otarlyq qúrsaudyng ajal әkele jatqanyn úghyp, odan qútyludyng jolyn izdeuge úmtyltatyn hikayat. Ótemis Ghayaz-jazushy tek tatardyng emes, sonday ahualdaghy kýlli týrkinin, sonyng ishinde qazaqtyng da namysyn qayrap otyr dep úqqan. Osylay baghalaghan qalamgeri, patshalyqtyng jer-sugha qosa jan-dýniyeni, sanany otarlauy saldarynan bolashaghy búldyr tartqan halyqtardyng barshasynyng janashyryna balap jýrgen Ayaz aghasy, júrt qúmarta oqityn «Sóz», «El» gazetterin shygharatyn jazushy aghasy osy sezde Ótemisti qayran etti. Ol sezd minbesinen jariya etken oghash pikirimen tatardan ózgelerdi  týgel kemitkendey sekildengen edi.

Ahmed Salikov

Bylay bolghan. Osetin Ahmed Salikovtyn  búrynghy imperiyalyq Rossiyada qúrylmaq jana memleketting birtútastyghy saqtaluyn, yaghny unitarizmdi jaqtaghan jәne әzirbayjan Mәmedәmin Rasulzadenin, kerisinshe,  jana memleketting últtyq birlikterden jasalghan qúrama boluyn úsynghan, yaghny federalizm iydeyasyn algha tartqan bayandamalary oqylghannan keyin jaryssóz bastaldy. Patshalyq ornyna keluge tiyis memlekettik qúrylym jónindegi úsynystargha  óz kózqarastaryn bildirgen qyzu pikirtalas boldy. Jana Reseyding unitarlyq sipatta úiysuyn jaqtaushylar Ahmed Salikovtyng sózin qoldap sóilep jatty. Olardyng kóshin Ghayaz Ishakov bastady. Onyn  kózqarasyna   Shәkir Múhamediyarov, taghy basqa sóileushiler qosyldy. Tipti Salikov te óz bayandamasynyng negizgi qaghidalaryn qorghap, minbege taghy birneshe mәrte shyqty. Ishakov ta qayta kóterilip, onyng úsynysyna  taghy basqa dәiekter keltirip jaqtasty. Olardy tyghyryqqa tiregen jәit, әriyne, Múhammed-Ámin Rasulzade túghyrnamasynyng kópshilik kókeyine qona ketkendigi edi.  Mәmedәminning bayandamasyn qostap sóileushilerding negizdemeleri myqty kóringenin angharghandyqtan da shyghar, olar ile-shala qarsylasqan.

 Álimardan Topchibashev

Ózderining Ahmed jasaghan bayandamanyng dúrystyghyna kәmil sengen kózqarastaryna jan-jaqtan dәlel tartyp, odan sayyn shiryqqan. Sonda federasiyashyldar qataryna әzirbayjan Álimardan Topchibashev, qyrymly Jaghyfar Saidahmedovpen birge  jarq etip, qazaq Jansha Dosmúhamedov qosylghan edi. Onyng sózin zaldyng rizashylyqpen qoldaghanynyn Ótemis quana baqylaghan.

Ótemis Jansha Dosmúhamedovti sonau 1905 jyldyng sonynda Oralda bolghan qazaq kadetterining qúryltayshy jinalysynda túnghysh ret kezdestirip, tanysqan-tyn. Ol kezde Jansha ózi qúralpy jasóspirim edi, sodan bergi uaqytta sana tolysuy jaghynan búdan kósh ilgeri ozyp ketken eken. Joghary oqudy da bitirgen, Sibirde iri qyzmetter de istegen, al myna kýlliresey músylmandary sezine Oral oblysy qazaqtary atynan delegat bolyp saylanyp kelgen bolatyn. Ótemis ony delegattardy tirkep jatqanynda kórdi. Ekeui birin biri tanyp, jyly sәlemdesisti. Birazdan keyin Ótemis Janshanyng músylman qozghalysynyng ardagerleri ortasynda túrghan saqal-shashy әppaq egde kisige – ataqty qayratker Baqytjan Qarataevqa sonshalyqty balalyq izetpen erkelegendey týr kórsetip amandasqanyn bayqady. Tek amandasyp qana qoymay, janyndaghy bedeldi túlghalargha ózining o basta zang oquyna baruyna Baqytjan súltannyng eleuli әseri tiygenin yqylastana jariya etti.  Janshanyng әkesi úlynyng uchiliyshe bitiruine oray, Ólenti jaghasyna qonghan maldy auylyna dastarhan jayyp toy jasap, syily azamattardy shaqyrghanda,  osy qadirmendi Baqytjan agha Oraldan solqyldaq kýimemen arnayy kelip, qonaq bolghan eken.  Onyng jiylghan júrt aldynda Janshagha bata beru ispetti aitqan sózi  tek ómirlik jolyn tandau sәtin bastan keship túrghan jas jigitke emes, kýlli halyqqa arnalghan baghdarlama tәrizdi bolyp shyqqan edi.

– Qazaqtardyng ókimet ozbyrlyghyn kórip jýrgeni az ba, – degen-di sonda zanger súltan. – Tek sol neden shyghyp jatyr degenge oy jýgirtip kórinizdershi... Mәsele – bizding qazaqtyng zang jaghynan nadandyghynda jatyr. Myrzalar, biz ózimiz qolastynda túrghan memleketting zandaryn jetik bilmegendikten, aluan qiyndyqqa úshyrap jýrmiz. Zang men qúqyq mәselelerinen qaranghy bolghandyqtan da, biz eng aldymen, óz ishimizde týrli topqa, atagha, rugha bólinemiz de, qily alauyzdyqqa jol beremiz. Sondayda, tipti, ýy syrtynda bizding osal tústarymyzdy andyp túrghan dini bólek qojayynnyng baryn oilamaymyz.

Baqytjan Qarataev jerlester ortasynda

Toy dastarhanyna jiylghan júrtshylyq aimaqtaghy bedeli airyqsha zor Baqytjan Qarataev súltan sóilegende tym-tyrys bop, әr sózin qalt jibermey tyndaghan. Ishtey  qysylyp, aitylghan syny sózdi әrqaysysy әrtýrli dәrejede qabyldasa da, tym-tyrys, iltipatpen tyndaghan. Súltan pikirin órbite kelip:

– Al bizding onday sauatsyzdyghymyzdy ókimet әbden ondy paydasyna asyruda. Biylik adamdarynyng qazaqqa qoqandap ketetini sodan. Bizdin  zandy qúqtarymyzdy ajyrata almaytynymyzdy, yaghny zannamany qoldanyp qorghana almaytynymyzdy  olar jaqsy bilgendikten de  – týrli ozbyr qylyqtaryn emin-erkin jýrgize beredi, – degende, bastaryn shúlghyp, ýn-týnsiz maqúlday bergen.

Otarlaushylar jasaghan birjaqty zandardyng ózi otar elde ornymen qoldanylmaydy. Sóitip, tiyisinshe, otardaghy bodandar tirshiligin qiyndata týsedi. Búghan kim kýmәn keltirmek. Úzaq jyl imperiyanyng basqa ónirinde qyzmet atqarghan, qoghamdyq ómirge salystyrmaly týrde qaray alatyn zanger múny bilip aitady... Ol sózining qorytyndysy retinde, Janshanyng bolashaqta ómirde alatyn ornyna, joghary mektepke týsip, iyteruge tiyis mamandyghyna qatysty baghdar berdi.

– Doseke, – dedi ol Janshanyng әkesine búryla qarap, – esimin jahannyng biyleushisi, shahy, qahany  bolsa eken degen  ýlken ýmitpen Jahanshah dep qoyghan ekensiz, osy esimimen jahangha qúshaghyn jayghan sizding balanyz endi otarshyl ókimetting ozbyrlyghyn bilimmen auyzdyqtaytyn úrpaqtyng aldy bolsyn dep tileyik! Siz ony zang oquyna beriniz!

Qadirmendi ziyalynyng tilegi kópting qolpashyna, әkening qúptauyna ie boldy. Sonda ol qara jusandy sayyn dala aspany astynda jas óskinge keng shalqar kónilimen aq jol tilep, aq batasyn berdi... Mine, sol shaqtaghy Baqytjan aghanyng jýrekjardy tilegin Jansha joghary oquda jýrgen kezinde bir sәt te esten shygharghan joq. Ol tek qúqyqtyng qisyndaryn, imperiya zannamasynyng qyr-syrlaryn oqyp ýirenumen shektelmey, úly dalanyng qúryqqa týsu tarihyn zerttep, otarlaushylardyng bodandaryna kórsetip jýrgen zansyzdyqtaryn zerdeledi. Uniyversiytettegi oqushy jastardyng demokratiyalyq qozghalysyna da aralasty.  Týrli sayasy jiyndargha baryp jýrdi, studenttik shodkalargha qatysty. Álginde saliqaly bayandama jasaghan Ahmed Salikovpen de sol Mәskeu uniyversiyteti studentterining is-sharalarynda, solargha ózi de qatysa jýrip tanysqan. Mine, endi ol, ózining uniyversiytettesi Ahmedting myna ýlken qúryltayda jasaghan bayandamasyn el qatarly tyndady. Moyyndaydy, óte jaqsy, syndarly bayandama. Ol óz úsynysyn negizgi bayandamasyna qosa, pikirtalas ynghayyna qaray bergen týsiniktemelerinde jap-jaqsy dәleldedi de. Biraq, bәribir, onysy Janshanyng kózqarasymen mýldem ýilespeytin edi. Óitkeni, ekeui tanysqannan beri ótken on shaqty jyl olardyng ústanymdaryn óz aimaqtarynyng naqty әleumettik-sayasy ahualdaryna say, bir-birinen ózgesheleu etip qalyptastyrghan әm ózindik ilanymdarmen shegendegen bolatyn.

Ahmed Reseyding evropalyq bóliginde, Kavkazda, al Jansha aziyalyq bóliginde, Sibirde enbek etti. Ahmed ýnemi qoghamdyq-sayasy júmystarda, al Jansha memlekettik qyzmette boldy. Ras,  memlekettik qyzmet ony birden alaqanyna salyp ayalay qoyghan joq. Oqu bitirip eline kelgeninde birden Oral oblystyq gubernatorynyng basqarmasyna qyzmetke alynghan edi, biraq resmy lauazymgha taghayyndalmastan, bosap qaldy.  Oghan sebep bolghan – ókimetting ortalyq guberniyalardan sharualardy kóshirip әkelip qazaq jerine qonystandyru sharalaryna baylanysty, Janshanyng baspasóz betinde jariyalaghan syny maqalalary  bolatyn. Sodan keyin biylik oghan, degenmen, mamandyghy boyynsha qyzmet atqarugha púrsat beredi. Ol birer jyl okrugtik sotta basbúzarlyq ister bólimi men úsaq basbúzarlyq jәne azamattyq isterdi qaraytyn sudiyanyng hatshysynyng kómekshisi boldy. Múnda sudiya lauazymyn alugha kandidat retinde qyzmet atqarghan-dy, alayda oghan sudiya lauazymy búl jerde búiyrmady. 1912 jyly sonday lauazymgha agha kandidat bolyp, Sibirge – Omby sot palatasyna auystyryldy. Barnaul jәne Zmeinogorsk ýiezderinde úsaq basbúzarlyq jәne azamattyq isterdi qaraytyn sudiya bop istedi. Odan kóp úzamay Barnaul qalasynyng prokuraturasyna shaqyryldy. Taghy tórt-bes aidan keyin, 1914 jyldyng nauryzynda Tom oblystyq prokurorynyng Kainsk ýiezi boyynsha orynbasary lauazymyna taghayyndaldy. Sayasy sebeppen jer audarylghandardy baqylau salasyn basqardy. Ádilet generaly sheninde qyzmet atqara jýrip, ol patshalyq biylikting kózsiz qolshoqparyna ainalmay, demokratiyalyq ilanymgha berik qayratker retinde qalyptasty. Sondyqtan da, monarhiya taghy qúlasymen, Sibirdegi revolusiyashyl úiymdar basshylarynyng qataryna kóterildi.

Songhy ýsh jyly Ýlken Sibir poshta jolynda, Tastysudyng Omgha qúiylysynda oryn tepken Kainsk qalasynda ótti. Qala tarihy teren-di. Ol orys memleketining Kóshim handy Sibir tarihy sahnasynan yghystyrghan dәuirinen kóp keyin, Baraba dalasyn on segizinshi ghasyrdyng basynda mekendegen kóshpendi qazaqtar men qalmaqtardyng shabuylynan qorghanu ýshin salynghan  bekinisten bastau alatyn. Tom guberniyasynyng okrugtik qalasyna ainalghanyna da ghasyrdan asyp bara jatqan. Barabalyq týrkilerding kóbi orystanyp ketken. Degenmen, músylman dinin ústanyp otyrghandary da az emes-ti: jalpy sany segiz myng qaraly. Olardy  Baraba  tatarlary dep ataydy. Ishterinde  birli-jarym tegi qazaq ekenin úmytpaghandar úshyrasady. Al taza qazaqy saltpen tirshilik qúrushylar mýldem joq dese de bolady, qalay bolghanda da Jansha olardy keziktirgen emes. Barabalyqtar orys sharualary sekildi eginshilikpen jәne mal sharuashylyghymen shúghyldanady. Sonday-aq kirpish qúy jәne kýidiru, teri iyleu, may qorytu, sabyn qaynatu kәsiporyndarynda, diyirmenderde, tipti, araq jәne syra zauyttarynda júmys isteydi. Qalada túraqty bazar bar, jyl sayyn jәrmenke de bolady. Jaqyn mandaghy aimaqtardan sauda jasau ýshin kezdeysoq kelgen birli-jarym qazaqtar da keyde solardan kórinip qalady. Biraq osylardyng bәrining Kain ólkesining qoghamdyq-sayasy tynys-tirshiliginde eshbir ýlesi joq-tyn. Janshanyng oiynsha, múndaghy kóne týrki taypalarynyng júrnaqtary mýldem әlsiregen. Týp-tamyrymen baylanys nyshany mýldem sezilmeydi. Kóbi islam dinin ústanady degenmen, óz meshitteri joq sebepti, sol músylmandarynnyng ózining dini qatty dey almaysyn. Oryssha ómir sýru salty olardyng tirshiligine qalypty jaghday sekildi sinip kele jatyr. Tipti, búl túrghyda, sinagogalary bar evreyler de qorshaghan ortasynan asa erekshelenbeydi. Osynday sibirlik tirshilikke bauyr basyp qalghan jyldarynyng birinde, qyzmet barysyndaghy jetistikterin alystan bolsa da jiti qadaghalap, sýisinip  jýrgen batagóy aghasy Baqytjan súltan Qarataevtan jedelhat alghan. Ol oblysta advokatura salasynda qyzmet atqaryp jýrgen edi, bir ýlken isti qolgha alypty, soghan Jahanshahtyng Oralgha arnayy kelip, isti qarauda prokuror mindetin atqaruyn súrapty. Bala jigit shaghynda ózin zang oquyna baghyttap batasyn bergen ýlken kisining tilegin jerge tastaghysy joq edi, biraq atqaryp jýrgen jauapty qyzmetinen uaqyt tabudyng mýmkindigi bolmady. Elge tek Aqpan revolusiyasynan song ghana arnayy jәne birjolata kele aldy...

Patshany taqtan týsirgen qaharly revolusiyanyng zor dýmpui Sibir qalalarynyng sayasy ómirin de tez jandandyrghan-dy. Sonda Dosmúhamedovting de aimaqtaghy bedeli aiqyn tanylghan. Ol Kain ýiezinde bolghan sezde ýiezdi basqaru jónindegi azamattyq atqaru komiyteti tóraghasynyng orynbasary bolyp saylanghan edi. Biraq aigha jeter-jetpes uaqytta ondaghy sayasy qyzmetin  dóngelekteuge tura keldi. Óitkeni eldegi taghy bir syily aghasynan jýrek tolqytar habar kelgen bolatyn. Aq patshanyng el biyliginen taydyryluy, barlyq jerlerdegi tәrizdi, Jansha tuyp-ósken ónirge de ýlken jandanu әkelgen edi. Oral oblysynyng týrli qyzmette jýrgen oqyghan qazaqtary men el ishindegi bas adamdar Tekede bas qosyp jinalys ótkizdi. Jinalysta jaghdaydy talqylay kele,  resmy týrde Jayyqtyng syrtqy bóligi  dep atalatyn daladaghy, ózenning sol jaghalauynan әri qonystanghan qazaqtardy basqaratyn azamattyq komiytet atty basqaru úiymyn qúrdy.   Azamattyq  komiytetting tóraghasy bolyp bayyrghy qayratker, zanger, Ekinshi Memlekettik duma mýshesi, qadirmendi Baqytjan súltan Qarataev saylandy. Komiytetting atqaru alqasynyng qúramyna oblystyq basqarma men ýiezdik polisiyanyng qazaq qyzmetkerleri, birer bedeldi bolys basqarushysy, bir belgili dәriger endi.  Azamattyq  komiytetting tóraghasy Qarataev birinshi kezekte jana Resey qúrylysshylaryn qúttyqtaudy jón kórdi. Kýzde ghana ol Tórtinshi Memduma tóraghasy Rodzyankonyn  aldynda bolyp, Qara teniz jaghynda qyzmet istep oralghan zanger Jihansha Seydalin ekeui әzirlegen qazaqtar jayynda estelik jazbalaryn tapsyrghan. Qazaq  ishindegi dýrbelendi basu ýshin – tyl júmystaryna adam alu merzimin keyinge qaldyrudy súraghan bolatyn. Býginde Rodzyanko Dumanyng Uaqytsha komiytetin basqaryp, janarghan Reseydi jasaushylardyng kóshbasy bolyp otyr. Mine osy demokratiyalyq ókimet serkesine ainalghan oktyabrist Mihail Vladimirovichke Oral oblysy qazaqtarynyng zamana talabyna say úiysqan basqaru qúrylymy atynan jedelhat joldap,  jana ýkimet júmysyna tilektestik bildirdi. Sosyn azamattyq komiytet atqarugha tiyis qyzmetter ayasyn naqtylaugha kirisken.

Alayda aimaqtaghy azamattardyng sana-sezimderine revolusiya airyqsha serpin bergendikten,  olar el isin eski daqpyrtpen tóre túqymyna basqarta beruding dúrystyghyna kýmәn keltire berdi. Aqyry, aragha eki apta salyp,  ziyaly qauym qayta jinalys ótkizdi de, azamattyq komiytetti tarqatty. Ony oblys qazaqtarynyng qúryltayyn ótkizgenshe júmys isteytin uaqytsha qazaq komiyteti retinde qayta qúrdy. Uaqytsha qazaq komiytetining tóraghalyghyna bolys basqarushysy Ghúbaydolla Álibekov saylandy.

Ghúbaydolla Álibekov

Búrynghy azamattyq komiytetting mýsheleri negizinen jana qúrylym qúramyna kirdi, Qarataev ta bir mýshesi boldy. Sol tústa ol sosial-demokrattar úiystyrghan Oral oblystyq azamattyq komiyteti qúramyna Álibekovpen birge,  qazaq komiyteti atynan engizildi. Onda negizinen Qarataev belsendi qyzmet atqardy, al Álibekov qazaq komiyteti sharualarymen shúghyldandy. Mine osy Ghúbaydolla Álibekov, Jahanshanyng jympitylyq jerles aghasy, sol aimaqtaghy Ólenti bolysyn basqarushy Ghúbaydolla Álibekov – saqal-shashy agharghan qartamysh Qarataevtan on shaqty jas kishi, qayraty kemelinde túrghan el aghasy edi. Kezinde  uchiliyshe, seminariya tauysqan, kózi ashyq,  lauazymdy. Sondyqtan da oghan qazaq  komiytetining júmysyn janasha ýiirip әketedi degen senim artylghan. Ol da sol senim ýdesinen shyghugha tyrysty. Ozyq  bilimdi, memlekettik qyzmetshi dәrejesindegi biyik lauazymgha jetken, patshalyqtyng yustisiya salasynda iri shenmen qyzmet atqaryp jýrgen, orystar Djigansha dep ataytyn Janshany – jas ta jigerli azamatty – revolusiya dәuiri talabyna say qyzmet qyluy ýshin Oralgha shaqyrdy.   San-salaly taram jol aldynda túrghan tughan eline keluin súrap, alys ta beymәlim Sibirge jedelhat joldady. Tughan elde tosyp túrghan revolusiyalyq ózgeristerge Jahanshahtay jigit  tikeley qatysugha mindetti, onyng bilimi men jinaghan júmys tәjiriybesi qazirgi tanda múnda óte-móte qajet. Demalys alghan sayyn jylda bir at izin salyp ketetin Jympity týlegi Jayyq syrtyndaghy sardalany meken etken halyqty býgingi almaghayyp zamanda bilek sybanyp tura jolgha bastauy kerek...

Jansha Dosmúhamedov Kain ýiezi atkomy tóraghasynyng joldasy qyzmetin qaldyratynyn jariya etip, kýrestegi ýzengilesterimen qosh aitysty. Sosyn bes jylday meken etken Sibir qalalaryn, songhy jyldary mýldem etene jaqyn tútyp ketken Kainsk men Baraba dalasyn birjolata artqa qaldyryp, jan jary Oligany ertip aldy da, batysqa, Oralgha tartyp ketti. Ony jerlesteri quana qarsy aldy. Ghúbaydolla aghasy oghan sayasy ahualdy bayan etip, revolusiya tolqynymen әr jaqtan jinalyp jatqan, uaqytsha qazaq komiyteti tóniregine úiysa bastaghan jigitterdi tanystyrdy. Jansha olardyng birazyn búrynnan biletin, keybirimen endi bilisip, pikir almasty. Yustisiya salasyndaghy biyik resmy mәrtebesi men kópshilikke baspasóz arqyly mәlim kózqarasy ony últtyq qozghalys jetekshisi dengeyine birden jәne dau-damaysyz kóterdi. Uaqytsha komiytet oblys qazaqtary sezin dayyndaytyn úiymdastyru burosyn qúrdy. Sayasat  isterindegi jana әriptesteri Janshany sol buronyng basyna saylady. Ol alda atqarylmaq isterdi Petrogradtaghy ortalyq músylman burosynan kelgen jalpy núsqaular men úsynystardyng negizinde tez nobaylady. Buro  mýshelerine ýiezderde jinalys ótkizip, mәseleni talqylau jәne oblystyq sezge delegattar saylau nauqanyn jýrgizu haqynda mindetter bóldi. Jalpy basshylyq jasaudy óz qarauyna qaldyra  túryp, әr atqarylmaq júmys jayynda týrli aqyl-kenesin berip otyrdy. Sosyn sezge úsynylatyn basty qújatty – oblystyng qazaqtar ómir sýrip jatqan Jayyq syrtyndaghy bóligin basqaru erejesin jasady. Qúryltaygha ýiezder men bolystardan kelgender tura myna kýllireseylik jalpymúsylman sezine shartaraptan jinalghan delegattar sanynday edi. Oraldaghy sirk ýiine segiz jýzden asa ókil syidy. Solardyng aldynda uaqytsha qazaq komiytetining tóraghasy Ghúbaydolla Álibekov qysqasha qúttyqtau sóz sóilep, sezdi ashty. Sosyn  qúryltaydyng tóraghalyghyna «osy kýnderi demalysyna oray el ishinde jýrgen Tom okrugtik soty prokurorynyng orynbasary Jahanshah Dosmúhamedovty» saylau jóninde delegattargha úsynys aitty. Júrt du etip, úsynysty bir auyzdan qoldady. Sәuirdin  on toghyzy kýni taltýste ashylghan Oral qazaqtarynyng qúryltayy tórt kýn boyy júmys istedi. Delegattar elding basqarylu jýiesi jóninde federativtik demokratiyalyq respublikany qoldady. Qazaqtargha  mindetti týrde keng kólemde últtyq-aumaqtyq avtonomiya berilu kerek degen qaghidagha dauys berdi. Jansha bas bolyp, zannamalyq sipatpen dәiektep jasaghan Oral oblysynyng Jayyq syrty bóligin basqaru erejesin bir auyzdan qabyldady. Barlyq kýn tәrtibine shygharylghan soghys, syrtqy sayasat, jer-su, oqu-aghartu mәselelerine qatysty últtyq mýddege jauap bere alatyn bekem sheshimder qabyldandy.  Jahanshahty bas etip, atqarushy organ – qazaq komiyteti qúryldy. Sol jiynda ol bir top ýzengilesterimen birge osy býkilreseylik músylman sezine delegattyqqa saylandy. Yaghny endi ol búl jerde – Mәskeu qúryltayynda – Oral qazaqtarynyng oi-pikirin arqa tútyp, oblystyq sezde qorytqan kózqarastaryn qorghaugha tiyis edi.

Sondyqtan da Jansha músylman sezinde jaryssóz bastalysymen, alghashqylardyng biri bolyp, minbege shyqty. Imperiya zannamasyna jetik zang qyzmetkeri әm últ qayratkeri biligimen qazaq jerining otarlanu tarihyn sholdy. Imperiyanyng úly dala tirshiligine qatysty zandaryn syny túrghyda qarastyrdy. Qazaqtyng memlekettilik belgilerin týgel jonggha baghyttalghan pәrmenderdi, jer-sudy bólshektep, týrli әkimshilik birlikterge qaratu, halyqty ózining atamekeninen qily jolmen yghystyru әreketterin delegattar aldyna aiqara ashyp tastady.

– Týrki halyqtary ishindegi eng sany kóp qalyng kóshpendi qazaqqa mýldem adam aitqysyz ozbyrlyq jasap otyrghan eski ýkimet joyylghan tústa, onyng ornyna kelgen jana memlekettik qúrylym kóne jolmen jýrip ketetindey bolmauyn oilau kerek, – dep, ol prokuror sabyrymen ortagha salmaqty oy tastady. – Shynayy demokratiya ornatady ekenbiz, demek, keshegi otarlyq  dәuirde ezilgen halyqtardyng tarihy qúqtary qalpyna keltirilui qajet ekenine dau tudyrmaghan jón. Qazaq halqy óz jerinde tútastanyp otyr, ol tek imperiyalyq basqaru jýiesine kýshtining qúqymen zorlap kirgizilgendikten ghana bólshektenip qalghan, jәne tiyisinshe, damuy kenjelegen. Jana ahualda onyng aumaqtyq avtonomiya  aluy – tarihy qajettilik bolyp otyr. Jerlik, territoriyalyq ózin-ózi basqaru qúqyghyn jýzege asyra otyryp, qazaq eli  federativti, parlamenttik, demokratiyalyq  Resey qúramyna kiruge әzir bolady...

Qazaq halqynyng óz jer-suymen avtonomiya qúruy tarihy túrghyda әdilettilik bolmaghyn dәleldey sóilegen Jansha Dosmúhamedov sezde saliqaly bayandama jasaghan Mәmedәmin Rasulzadeni qoldaytynyn, onyng óte manyzdy bayandamasyna qúptaushylyq bildiretinin bar dauyspen jariya etti. Búrynghy imperiyanyng shartarabynda óz tarihy atamekenderinde tirshilik keship jatqan jalpy sany otyz million músylman qazirgi kezde  –  otarlaushynyng qúrsauy qausaghan, sóitip otarlyq qamyttan azattyq alghan tústa – óz eldik sipattaryn janghyrugha tiyis. Sol sebepti Jahanshah býtkil halyqtar ókilderin Múhammed-Áminning úsynysyna – júrttardyng ghasyrlar boyy túnshyqqan armandaryna jauap bere alatyn memlekettik týr retinde úsynghan jobasyna dauys beruge barsha qúryltaygha qatysushylardy shaqyrady! Basqalar da osy ruhta sóiledi. Ýziliste ony Ótemis ótkir de dәiekti sózimen qúttyqtady. Petrogradtaghy beldi jurnalisterding biri, ózining on shaqty jyldan bergi jaqsy dos-joldasy Slava Preobrajenskiymen tanystyrdy. Olar ashyq-jarqyn kónilmen emin-erkin pikirlesip túrdy. Sol kezde Janshanyng janyna serikterimen Baqytjan súltan Qarataev ta keldi. Sәlimgerey súltan Jantóriyn, Serәli Lapiyn, Álimardan Topchibashev bәri jastardyng sayasy betterin agha úrpaq retinde qadaghalap otyrghandyqtan, rizashylyqtaryn bildiruge arnayy búrylghan eken. Oryn alyp túrghan oijarys auqymyn sholysty. Sosyn:

– Shyndap kelgende, keshegi birtútas imperiya ishinde avtonomiyalyq qúrylymdar tuuyna ýkimet jol bere qoymaydy ghoy dep oilaymyn, – dedi qart kýresker Baqytjan Qarataev, – biraq mәsele júrttyng óz pikirin aiqyndauynda...

Serәli Lapiyn

– Nege olay oilaysyz? – dedi Serәli Lapin narazy ýnmen. – Revolusiya zany týbegeyli ózgeriske qúrylady emes pe...

– Naqty shyndyq, alayda, týbegeyli ózgeriske – biz әngime etkendey núsqagha – jol bermeu jaghynda. – Qarataev qysyq kózin syghyraytyp, sózin oilana sabaqtady. – Biyliktegiler qay zamannan orys memleketi ishinde separatizm* tuyp kete me dep qorqady, al últtyq avtonomiya qúrugha mýmkindik beru – soghan tikeley jol salatyn shara. Ýkimet ókilin tyndadyndar emes pe?! Kadet partiyasynyng qúttyqtauyn jetkizgen knyaziding sózine mәn berip kórindershi! Onyng da lebizi ýkimet ókili sózine úqsas. Oghan tanghalatyn eshtene joq, biylikke jetkennen keyin kadet kósemderi ýkimettik baghytpen sanasugha mәjbýr boldy. Qazir olar ýkimettegi ózge serikterimen birge Reseydi birtútas jәne bólinbeytin respublika dep jariyalau amalyn qarastyryp jatyr...

 * Kópúltty memlekettegi últtyq azshylyq qozghalysynyng bólinip ketuge jәne derbes memleket qúrugha úmtylysy.

Sәlimgerey Jantóriyn

– Qarastyrsyn, meyli, biraq músylman qauymy ózine qolayly memlekettik qúrylym týrin aiqyndap, estirtip aitqany jón, – dedi bayyrghy avtonomiyashy Sәlimgerey Jantóriyn. – Jәne múndayda jastardyng ózderin tanytqandary, keshegi Ismaiyl-bey, Rashid qazy sekildi jana túrpatty kýreskerler bolyp kele jatqandaryn kórsetkenderi bek abzal.

– Baghdar dúrys, osyghan kópting kózin jetkizuimiz kerek, – dep, Álimardan Topchibashev Janshany aqyryn qarynan qaqty.

Dúrysy dúrys-au, biraq, tap osy dúrystyqty qorghap shyghu onay sharua emes bolatyn. Jansha Dosmúhamedovke deyin Ahmed Salikovtyng bayandamasyn damyta sóilegen Ghayaz Ishaqov taghy da minberge kóterildi. Tausyla sóiledi. Óz kózqarasyn dәleldey týsti. Qaytkende Reseyding birtútas, unitarlyq memleket boluy manyzdy degendi shegeledi. Al últtyq birlestikter tek mәdeny avtonomiya týrinde ghana damudy qolgha alsa, ózderine paydaly bolmaq, osyny, ókinishtisi, bizding týrki tektes bauyrlardyng birazy úqpay túr dedi. Qúddy Janshany nysanagha alghanday boldy. Reseyding federasiyalyq jýiede qúryluyn qalap, avtonomiya alamyz dep otyrghandar, qyzyghy, Ghayazdyng oiynsha, sonshalyqty jetkilikti damy qoymaghan halyqtardyng ókilderi kórinedi. Reseyding birtútas boluy manyzdy dep shegeley týsti ol. Últtyq birlestikterding mәdeny avtonomiya aluy jetkilikti, solay damu últtar ýshin paydaly, múny týrki tektes bauyrlar úqpay túr dedi. Federasiyalyq jýie qúryluyn qalap, avtonomiya alamyz degender – damuy kenje halyqtardyng ókilderi dedi taghy da. Sosyn Ayaz qazaqtardyn, týrkistandyqtar men kavkazdyqtardyng «jappay nadan boluy» sebepti olardyng bolashaghyna senbeytinin ashyqtan ashyq jariya etti.  Qazaqtardyng birli-jarym kózi ashyqtarynyng osy qúryltayda avtonomiya alamyz deui sol joldyng halqyna qolayly jәne dúrys bolary kәmil degendi bildirmeydi, kerisinshe, avtonomiya alsa – olardyng halqy búrynghydan da beter sorlaydy dedi.

– Óitkeni patsha uaqytyndaghy aqsýiekter biylikti qaytadan qoldaryna shoghyrlandyrady, – dep dәiektep jatty ol pikirin. – Han túqymdary, qaradan shyqqan ózge de bas adamdar qaytadan atqa qonady. Sóitip, qazaqqa kýni keshe patsha әkimshiligi jýrgizgen zorlyqty endi ózderi jasaydy. Olardy onday ozbyr qylyqtan imandylyq ústaghan bolar edi, biraq olar shyn mәninde músylman da emes, – dep, Ishaky sózin kýrsine sabaqtady. – Olar ózderining dinsizdigimen qoymay, músylmanshylyq qazaq arasyna tarap ketpesin  degen pighylmen, óz qandastaryn dinnen aiyru ýshin jantalasuda. Olardyng qatarynda osynda sóilegender de, jiyngha kelmegender de bar. Ashyghyn aitu kerek, qazaq halqynyng músylman boluyna aralaryndaghy oryssha oqyp, orys tәrbiyesin alghandar kóp kedergi jasap jýr... –  Minber jaqtauyna qolyn tirep túryp, óz bayandamasyndaghy tújyrymyn dәiektep túrghan sheshen qazaq әriptesterine ókpesin odan әri jayyp salyp jatty. – Olar osy uaqytqa deyin qazaqtardy tatarlargha jolatpaugha tyrysuda, – dedi ol, – týsininizder, olar qandastaryn tatarda edәuir jaqsy damyghan ilim-bilimge juytqylary kelmeydi!  Tipti  tatar moldalarynyng qazaq arasyna baryp júmys isteuine de kedergi keltirmek bop  әurege týsude! – Sheshen qazaqtardyng ishinde naqty kimdi kinәlaytynyn ashyp aitpady,  biraq sol aty teris qazaq oqyghandarynyng ziyandy әreketterin tizbeley berdi. – Olardyng esil-derti óz halqyn tamyrynan ajyratu, – dep tóndire týsti ol, – olar qazaqtardy orystyng ghylymy men bilimine, mәdeniyetine, ónerine, tiline ýiir qylugha tyrysyp jýr. Olar bayaghy Ybyray Altynsarin ispetti missionerlik joldy quattaydy. Qazaqtyng músylman bolyp qalghanynan góri, jappay shoqynuyna ong kózben qaraytynday synayly.

«Tatar aqylmany әm bedeldi sayasy kýreskeri Ábdirashid qazidy osynau tatar jazushysy әri sayasatkeri Ghayaz myrza da syilaydy, al sol Rashid qazy Ibragimov, biraq, qazaq Altynsarin jayynda búlay oilamaydy ghoy. Ol Altynsarindi missioner dep emes, aghartushy dep ataghan», – dedi ishtey Ótemis ózine ózi. Alayda onyng Ayaz myrza IYsqaqy aghasy mynaghan senimdi – jalpy týrki-búratanany, әsirese serkeleri qaterli jolgha bastap  bara jatqan qazaq halqynyng betin beri búryp, bir músylman tuy astyna jighanda ghana kózdegen maqsatqa jetuge bolady.

– Týbi bir týrki-músylman halqy myna kýrdeli ómirde birge boluymyz kerek, qazaqtardyng sol taghdyrly birlikten bólinemiz deui ózine ziyan, jaramaydy. – Sheshen qazaqtardy saqtandyra sóilegendey boldy. – Týrki tuy astynan bólinu qazaqqa tezirek orystanu qaupin tóndiredi.

Ayazdyng oiynsha, múny Ótemis aiqyn úghyp túr, avtonomiya alu – ózgelerden bólinumen parapar. IYә, avtonomiya alyp federasiyagha kiru degeniniz qate, ol qazaqtyng últtyq mýddesine jauap bermeydi deydi sayasatker әm jazushy Ghayaz. Tek unitarizm, bólinbes birtútas Resey ghana qazaqty da, kýlli músylman halyqtaryn da qúrdymgha ketuden qútqara alady degeni – onyng qúlay sengen oiy. Sondyqtan, qazaqtyng da, týrkistandyqtardyng da, kavkazdyqtardyng da  mәseleni tereng bayyptamay, jalang úrandatuyn qoshtaugha bolmaydy...

Qayratty shashyn keri bir qayyryp tastap, minbege Jahanshah qayta shyqty. Ol zalgha qasqaya qarap túryp, húrmetli Ghayaz Ishaqov әpendi aityp túrghan kelensizderge qazaq tek qana avtonomiya alu arqyly toqtau sala alady degendi nyghyzday aitty.

– Al eger Resey búrynghysynsha birtútas ta bólinbes memleket bolyp túrsa, qazaqtyng atamekenindegi jer-sudy ortalyq biylik týrli jeleumen kesip aludy jalghastyra beredi, – dep sabaqtady Jansha sózin, – búghan úly dalanyng otarlanu tarihynan habardar kimde-kim shәk keltirmes dep oilaymyn...  – Sәl tynystap, zalgha oilana qarady. Júrttyng yntygha tyndap otyrghanyn bayqady. Sosyn aqyryn ýnmen bylay dep qosty: –  Myrzalar, Ghayaz myrza shoshyndyryp túrghan orystanudyng kókesi sonda bolady. Esterinizde bolsyn, qazaqtar – Reseyding sheginde ómir sýrip jatqan týrki halyqtarynyng eng sany kóbi... Sonyng ózi tili men dilinen airyludyng aldynda túr. Al óktem de biyleushi últqa sinisip, jútylyp ketu qaupi qazaq týgil, az últtardyng qay-qaysysyna da tóngeli qash-shan! Sonday qaterden qazirgi ahualda imperiyadaghy otar júrttardy tek avtonomiya  alu mýmkindigin paydalanu ghana qútqara alady.

Ol oiyn osylay bir tújyryp tastady da, qazaq tynys-tirshiligindegi dәstýrli ekonomika men ony damytudaghy kedergiler jayynda әserli әngimeledi. Qazaqqa kezinde imperiya qily әdispen joyghan eldigin janghyrtu qajet dep mәlimdedi ol taghy da. Oghan qazir qolayly sәt tughanyn aitty. Eldigin janghyrtu arqyly qazaq tarihtaghy óz ornyn ala alady, ózine jasalghan tarihy qiyanatty joyyp, әdilet ornatady. Múny tek sayasy qayratker ghana emes, ýlken jazushy, halqynyng últtyq mýddesin terennen oilay alatyn Ghayaz IYsqaqy myrza anyq biluge tiyis. Sóite túra onyng keshege deyin barshamyzdy óktem ozbyrlyq kórsetuimen, ayausyz qanauymen renjitip kelgen unitarlyq memleketti taghy da janghyrtudy qoldaytyny qalay? Býgingi azattyqqa qol jetken ahualda, bolashaq memlekettik qúrylym jolyn tandau sәti tughanda da, onyng tap sol búrynghy birtútas imperiyany basqasha ataumen saqtau jaghynda túruy Jahanshah Dosmúhamedovke bek týsiniksiz. Moyyndasyn Ghayaz myrza, barsha unitarister de bir sәt qoldaryn jýrekterine qoyyp oy jýgirtsin: kýni keshege deyin otar bolyp ezilip kelgen әr týrki júrty endi moynyndaghy búrynghy qamytty sypyryp tastap, ózimen ózi boludy ansaydy. Qay-qaysysynyng da kýmәnsiz senetini – óz oshaghyn qorghau arqyly, óz eldigin qalpyna keltiru arqyly basqa qaryndas halyqtarmen teng dәrejede qol ústasa alady. Óz shanyraghynyng týtinin týzu shygharu arqyly ortaq imandylyq, adamgershilik múrattargha jete alady...

Múhamed-Ámin Rasulzade

Qyzyna sóilep, jana Rossiyanyng federasiyalyq sipatta qúryluyna dauys beruge shaqyrghan federalist Janshany qoldaushylar kóbeydi. Jalpy músylman qozghalysynyng әr kezgi maqsattaryn janghyrta otyryp, býgingi tandaghy mindetti tuyndatqan Álimardannyng sózi, bayandamashy Múhamed-Áminning ózi úsynghan negizgi qaghidalaryn qaytadan, basqa qyrynan dәiekteui, Jaghyfardyng Qyrym tarihyn terennen qozghap, unitarly, otarshyl da ozbyr, birtútas memleket qúramynda qyrymly júrty kórgen masqaralyqtardy tizbeleui eshkimdi jaybaraqat qaldyrmady. Ne kerek, federasiyalyq qúrylym jaghyndaghylar anyq basymdyq kórsete bastady. Sonda unitarister serkesi retinde Ahmed men Ghayaz minbege kezek-kezek, qayta-qayta úmtyldy. Olar endigi bir rette Resey músylmandarynyng birlesui kerektigin aitty.

– Patsha taqtan ketip, imperiya daghdarysta túrghanda, músylmandar ýshin batys pen shyghys mәdeniyetin qosa siniruge  qolayly dәuir tudy, – dedi biri.

– Músylmandardyng birlikke qol jetkizuining manyzy zor, – dedi ekinshisi.

Qay-qaysysyna da mәlim, Ahmed múny ortalyqtaghy sayasy partiyalardyng júmystaryna aralasyp jýrgendikten mýldem anyq biledi, býginde orys adamdary kóp partiyagha bólinip alghan. Olardyng ortaq maqsattaryn birlesip aiqyndaulary da, ózara til tabysulary da qiyn.  Sebebi baghdarlary san týrli. Osyny jadtarynda myqtap ústasyn jalpymúsylman sezining delegattary... Ahmedting payymyn Ghayaz ýstemeledi. Ol da orys adamdary alauyz bolyp san partiyagha bólinip túrghanda, iysi músylmannyng bir boluy manyzdy ekenin basa aitty.

– Bizding barshamyzgha búrynghydan da jaqyndasyp, tútasugha tyrysu kerek. – dedi ol. – Sonda ghana orystyng zang shygharatyn mekemesinde býkil músylman mýddesin útymdy qorghaugha bolady...

Býkil  músylman mýddesi... Ótemis agha dep qúrmetteytin tatar qalamgeri jәne músylman qozghalysynyng bedeldi qayratkeri Ghayaz Ishaky qazaq oqyghandaryn synauyn endi osynday úrangha úlastyrdy. Óz úsynysynyng dúrystyghyn dәleldeu jolynda ol qazaq qaryndastaryna senbestik kórsetuin jasyrmay aitqany óz aldyna, endi basqa bir ýgitke kóshkendey. Bәribir astarynda qazaqtyng federasiyashyldyghyna qarsylyghy kózge úryp túr. Obaly neshik, Orynbordan kelgen delegat, baspager jәne merzimdik basylym redaktory Múhammed-Fatyh Karimov myrza jaryssózge shyghyp, qazaq paydasyna biraz sóz aitqan. Sonday-aq lauazymdy zanger Jahanshah Dosmúhamedov te minberge birneshe ret shyghyp, qalay dәleldi sóiledi.  Bәlkim, sondyqtan da Ghayaz mәselege endi basqasha qyrynan kelgen shyghar. Áytse de...

Ótemis kýrsindi. Ghayaz myrzanyng oi-pikirleri bas qauashaghy ishinde nebir sumandaghan oy tolqyndaryn tughyzghan. Ókinishtisi, býkil  músylman mýddesi týgil, býtin qazaq mýddesi haqynda qazaq oqyghandary oy biriktire almaghanyna kuә ghoy Ótemis. Olardyng is-әreketteri osynau tatar sayasy qayratkeri әm qalamgeri Ayaz Ishaqovtyng nazaryna ilikpey qalmaghan da... Biraq búl sonsha dabyralatatyn nәrse me edi... Ótemis ishtey  Ghayaz Ishaqov aghasyna ókpeledi. Artynsha oigha qaldy. Qansha ókpelegenmen, onyng aiyptaularynyng jany da bar ekeni anyq... Ziyalylar ishindegi ózi biletin, qazaq azattyq qozghalysynyng kópshilik moyyndaghan qos serkesining – Baqytjan Qarataev pen Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng – júldyzy jaraspauy kópke ayan edi, sonyng jayyna Ótemis qinala oy jýgirtti...

Álihan Bókeyhanov

...Ótemis sanasynda atoylaghan estelikterdi seyiltip, Asadullaev Ýiinde ótip jatqan músylman sezine oraldy. Múnda, mine, qazaq qayratkerlerining kemshiligin ashyp aitqan sheshenge toytarys bergen jas kýsh kórindi. Jahansha Dosmúhamedov.  Jansha. Ol ózining zamanauy kózqarasymen talaydan ozyq ekenin tanytty. Ony kýlliresey músylmandarynyng qúryltayy moyyndap otyr...

Asadullaev Ýii, Mәskeudegi qazirgi tatar mәdeny ortalyghy

Sezd barsha Resey músylmandary odaghynyng atqaru komiytetin (Ikomus, ispolniytelinyy komiytet soiyza musuliman Rossii) jasaqtady. Qúryltay Janshany músylman atqaru komiytetining mýshesi, odan, atkom tóraghasynyng orynbasary lauazymyna saylady. Búl jәitke Ótemis qatty quandy. Is-әrekettegi, kózqarastaghy qayshylyqtarymen ókpeletip túrghan qos serkening kemshiligin jóndeytin, olardy ortaq paryz arnasynda tabystyratyn túlgha tabyldy dep quandy. Býkil músylman әlemi qúryltayynda jarq etip kózge týsip, erekshe bedelge ie bolghan túlgha.  Jansha Dosmúhamedov.  Erteng Ikomus jana qúramymen Piyterge attanady. Sonda túryp túraqty qyzmet atqarugha barady. Yaghny Ótemisting Janshamen kóbirek pikirlesuge mýmkindigi bolady. Demek, kónildi qobaljytqan mәseleni әli talay mәrte birge talqylaydy. Olar barsha mýddeli azamattarmen birlesip, sóz joq, paydaly oy qorytady. Qolayly sheshimge keledi. Elim degen erler ýshin alda nebir sayasy mýmkindikter ashylyp túr emes pe...

Beybit Qoyshybaev

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