Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng eng aldymen jolgha qoyghan sayasaty – Kóshi-qon. Tipti, astanany Arqa tósine kóshiru men shekarany әlemdik talapqa say etip bekituden de búryn osy shettegi qazaqtardy qara shanyraq Qazaqstangha shaqyrudy qolgha alghan. Býgingi «Mәngilik El» últtyq iydeyasynyng týp negizi - osy Kóshi-qon sayasatymen qalanghan edi. Demek, Kóshi-qon – óz tizginin ózi qolyna alghan tәuelsiz el bolghanymyzdy shyn mәninde әigilegen bastama! 

Osy rette biz portalymyzdyng avtorynyng qazaq kóshi-qonynyng arghy-bergi tarihyna jasaghan sholuyn jariyalap otyrmyz.

Maqalada 1926 jәne 1959 jyldar aralyghyndaghy Qazaqstanda jýrgizilgen kenestendiru sayasatynyng әserinen ózgeristerge úshyraghan qazaq halqynyng tarihy demografiyalyq jaghdaylaryndaghy kóshi-qon mәseleleri sanaqtar men statistikalyq mәlimetterge sýienip, múraghat qújattarynyng negizinde jәne tarihy demografiyalyq baghytynda qarastyrylghan enbekter men ghylymy zertteulerdi qarastyru arqyly jazylghan. Sonymen birge, qazaqtardyng kóshi-qon tarihynda Qazaqstanmen odaqtas respublikalardyng aimaqtaryna ornalasuyndaghy sany, jәne shet elderding aimaqtary boyynsha shoghyrlanyp, ornalasuy jan-jaqty demografiyalyq ghylymy baghytynda qarastyrylghan. Sonday-aq, zertteu aralyghynda qazaq halqynyng kóshi-qon ýrdisterinen ózining tughan jeri Qazaqstanda az últqa ainaluy, sany jaghynan azayyp, al dýnie jýzi boyynsha, sonyng ishinde odaqtas respublikalar men shet elderding aimaqtaryndaghy sany men ýlesining artuyna әser etken Qazaqstandaghy jýrgizilgen kenestendiru sayasatynyng nәtiyjesinen demografiyalyq apattardy basynan ótkizui. Sonyng ishinde, qazaq halqynyng respublikamyzdyng ózining ishindegi nemese basqa elderge qonys audarularyna baylanysty syrtqy kóshi-qon tarihy tarihy demografiyalyq jaghynan sandyq nemese payyzdyq negizde qarastyrylyp, salystyrmaly tújyrymdar jasalghan ghylymy taldaular arqyly bayandaldy.

Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy ózine tiyesili jaylau, qystau, kýzdeuin, jayylymdyq, egistik jerin әr mausymgha sәikes auystyryp, kóship-qonyp jýrui kóshpendi órkeniyettik túrmysqa sýiengen tabighy qúbylys edi. Mine, osy salt kenestendiru dәuirin qamtyghan 1920 jyldarynyng ekinshi jartysy men 1950 jyldar aralyghynda auyldan qalagha, bir ónirden ekinshi ónirge jәne bir aimaqtan ekinshi aimaqqa, respublikamyzdyng óz ishindegi kóshi-qongha ainalsa, al bir qiyrdan ekinshi qiyrgha eriksiz jer auugha, nemese respublkadan tys jerlerge, kórshiles respublikalar men Odaqtas memleketterge, al arghysy shetelderge bas saughalap, bosqynshylyqqa negizdelgen syrtqy kóshi-qongha ainalghany belgili. Onyng ishinde, újymdastyrudan kelgen qughyndau saldary, әsirese, kәmpeskeleu nauqany men 1931-1933 jyldardaghy asharshylyq kezeni qazaq halqyna airyqsha jaysyzdyq әkeldi. Búnyng negizinde qazaqty әuelden jaylap kelgen qonysynan aiyru jәne tiyesili aimaqtan kóshirip, sapyrylystyru arqyly iyeligindegi jerin paydalanu qúqynan aiyru, sóitip býkil dalany memlekettik menshikke audaru nәtiyjesinde qalyng búqarany ókimetke tәueldi etu sayasaty jatqan edi. Kommunisterding qulyghyna qúryq boylamas búl maqsattyng jýzege asqany sonshalyq, qazaqtar tughan atamekenin tastap, aldy kórshiles Týrikmen, Ózbek, Qyrghyz, Monghol, Qytay, Resey elderine baryp jan saughalasa, birazy Iran, Aughanystan jәne Turkiyany asyp ketti. XX ghasyrdyng 20 -jyldarynda qazaq halqynyng negizgi kәsibi jәne respublikadaghy halyq sharuashylyghynyng basty salasy mal sharuashylyghy bolyp, kóship-qonyp jýrgen edi. Sondyqtan, osy ghasyrdyng 20-30 -jyldary bolishevikterding kýshpen jýrgizgen agrarlyq sayasaty ghasyrlar boyy qazaq dalasynda qalyptasqan dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghynyng tabighy damuyna kedergi jasady. F.IY.Goloshekinning qazaq halqynyng kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghyn artta qalghan, ortaghasyrlyq, mәdeniyetsiz sosialistik qúrylyspen ýilespeytin sala retinde sipattap, ony týbirimen ózgertip, «sosialistik» qayta qúru baghytyn ústandy. Búl qazaqtyng dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghyna keri әserin tiygizip, halyqtyng әleumettik jaghdayyna ziyanyn tiygizetini eskerilmedi.

Jana ekonomikalyq sayasattan auytqu, auyl sharuashylyghn újymdastyrudaghy jiberilgen óreskel qateler men asyra silteuler qazaq auylyna qatty әserin tiygizdi, ashtyq tudyrdy, ólkening jergilikti túghyndarynyng kóshi-qondyq jaghdaylaryn kýsheytti.

Qazaqstan Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti men Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining jana ekonomikalyq sayasat jyldarynda qalyptasqan әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdaylardy tolyq kýiretken 1928 jyldyng 27 tamyzyndaghy «Iri bay sharuashylyqtary men jartylay feodaldardy tәrkileu jәne jer audaru turaly» dekreti qazaq dalasyna erekshe qasiret әkeldi. Búl qauly auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy qughyndau zúlmatynyng basy boldy.

Ólkelik komiytetting II plenumyndaghy bayandamasynda F.IY.Goloshekiyn: «Qazaqtardyng últtyq sana sezimi ósip kele jatqanyn», al múnyng «jetekshisi - baylar» ekenin aita kelip «Qazaq halqynyng kedeylenui men qayyrshylanuynan kenes ókimetine keler pәlendey qauip joq» degen tújyrym jasady. Sóitip, atalghan qauly boyynsha respublikada 700 sharuashylyqty tәrkileu kerek boldy. Resmy qújattar boyynsha, Qazaqstan aumaghynda 696 qazaq baylarynyng qojalyqtary tәrkilenip, onyng ishinde 619 qojalyq iyeleri ózining túrghan mekeninen basqa jaqqa jer audarylugha tura keldi. Olardan 144474 myng bas mal tartylyp alynyp, kolhoz, sovhozdargha bólinip berilgen.

Bir-birimen sabaqtasa jýrgizilgen tәrkileu, et jәne astyq ónimderin dayyndau, kýshtep újymdastyru, zorlap otyryqshylandyru sayasattary dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghyn tolyghymen kýiretti. Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan kýn-kórisi bolyp kelgen kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli mal sharuashylyghyna negizdelgen mal sharuashylyghynyng erekshelikterin eskermeu, oghan ziyan keltiru qazaq halqynyng ashtyqqa úshyrap, qyryluyna tikeley әser etti. El basyna týsken nebir zúlmattardyng ishinde orny tolmas ókinish újymdastyru zardaptarynan bolghan ashtyq pen bosqynshylyqtyng bәrinen asyp týskeni belgili. Ortalyqtyng kýshteu sayasatynyng saldarynan jasandy asharshylyq tuyndap, halqymyz búryn-sondy bolyp kórmegen demografiyalyq zúlmatqa-genosidke úshyrady. Ýsh jylgha sozylghan asharshylyqta respublikada sol kezderi qazaq júrtynyng teng jartysyna juyghy qyrylyp, 15 payyzy Qazaqstannan tysqary aimaqtargha birjolata oralmastardan kóship ketuilerine әkep soqty.

Atalghan qauly boyynsha, tәrkileuge úshyraghandargha olar auyp kelgen ónirden jer tandap alugha rúqsat etilgen edi. Biraq ókimetting búl «raqymshylyghy» oryndalmady. Respublikalyq Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetinde, okrugterding jer sharuashylyqtaryna týsken aryz-shaghymdarynyng mazmúnyna qaraghanda, tәrkilengenderding basyna tóngen qayghy-olar shekken qasiretting bir úshy ghana edi. Qazaqstannyng bir shetinen ekinshi shetine jer audarylghan otbasylardyng jol boyynda shekken azabynyng ózi tarihymyzdyng aqtandaq betterining taghy bir tarauyn qúraydy.

Yaghni, respublikanyng óz ishindegi qazaqtardyng kóshi-qondyq jaghdaylaryna toqtalayyq. Demek, 1932 jylgha deyin kóshting aghyluy eleuli sipatta jýrse, búdan búlayghy uaqytta qazaq halqynyng ishki syrtqy kóshi-qon tasqyny údayy ósip otyrdy.

Tәrkileu nauqanynyng qarsanynda respublikanyng óz ishindegi kóshi-qon mәselesinde Jetisu men Syrdariyadan Oral okrugine, Gurievten Petropavlge, Semeyden Syr boyyna, Pavlodardan Aqtóbe aimaghyna, Qyzylorda ónirinen Aday okrugine, Aqmoladan Gurievke, Aqtóbeden Qarqaralygha, Qostannaydan Semey okrugine jer audaru turaly 1928 jyly 30 tamyzdaghy qaulysy shyqqan edi. Osy ersili-qarsyly shúbyryndyda talay qazaq ﴾әsirese bala-shagha﴿ qyryldy.

Tәrkilengenderden Qyzylorda jaqtan Aday okrugine 47 bay ﴾ýi-ishimen 325 adam﴿, Aqmola okruginen Gurievke 15 bay ﴾ýi-ishimen 69 adam﴿ jer audarylyp kelgen. Kóp adamgha tughan jerding topyraghy da búiyrmady. Resmy derekterge jýginsek, tek jeke otbasy jer audarylghan siyaqty bolyp kórsetiledi. Al shyndyghynda, tәrkilengen baylardyng bala-shaghasy ghana emes, tuystary da aidaugha, nemese qudalaugha úshyrady. Osylaysha, qazaq halqynyng basyna tóngen, 1928 jyldan bastalghan eriksiz kóshi-qon isi újymdastyru dәuirinde ózining shyrqau shegine jetti.

1929 jyly qarasha aiynda Ortalyqtyng núsqauymen Qazaq ólkelik partiya komiytetining burosy qazaq sharualaryn josparly týrde otyryqshylyqqa kóshiru jóninde arnauly qauly qabyldady. Shúghyl týrde 1930 jyldyng qantarynda respublika Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining janynan otyryqshylandyru komiyteti qúryldy. Búl komiytetke otyryqshylyqqa kóshetin audandar men halyq sanyn anyqtau, otyryqshylyqqa auysqan qojalyqtar arasynda eginshilikting damuyna jәne úiymdastyru negizinde mal sharuashylyghyn intensivtendiruge kómektesu mindetteri jýkteldi.

Otyryqshylandyru ýshin qajetti alghy sharttar jasalmady. Qarjynyng jetispeushiligine baylanysty qúrylys kólemi josparda kórsetilgendegiden әldeqayda tómen dәrejede jýrgizildi. Eginshilik komissariaty óz esebinde otyryqshylyqqa auysyp jatqan qojalyqtardyng azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etilmey otyrghanyn moyyndaugha mәjbýr boldy.

Qazaqtardyng jappay bosqynshylyqqa úshyrauy tek qana kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli audandardy ghana qamtyp qoyghan joq, ol otyryqshy audandargha da taraldy. 1930 jyly kóship ketu qozghalysymen 34977 qojalyq qamtyldy, al 1931 jyly 45 myng sharuashylyq kóshe bastady. Kenes ókimetining Qazaqstanda jýrgizilgen auyl sharuashylyghyn újymdastyru jәne osy negizde kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli qazaq auyldaryn otyryqshylandyru, auqatty sharualardy mal-mýlikten aiyru, salyq sayasaty men qughyndau saldary qazaq halqyn zor apatqa, demografiyalyq jәne ekonomikalyq daghdarysqa úshyratty, tughan jerdi tastap, aua kóshushilik jappay sipat aldy.

1934 jyldyng qantarynda qabyldanghan Qazaqstannyng VIII partiya konferensiyasynyng qaulysynda aua kóshushilikten kóbirek zardap shekken kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli qojalyqtar Aqtóbe jәne Batys Qazaqstan oblystarynda oryn alghany atap kórsetildi. Búl qújatta Aqtóbe oblysynan barlyghy 39 myn, Batys Qazaqstan oblysynan 70 mynnan astam qojalyq qonys audaryp ketti delingen. Batys Qazaqstannyng óz ishindegi kóshi-qon, odan respublikanyng basqa audandaryna kóship ketushilik elding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdaylaryna zor әser etken kýrdeli mәselelerding biri boldy. Manghystaudan Aqtóbe men Oralgha, Oraldan Gurievke josparly kóshiru, aua kóshushilik jýrip jatty. Tórt-bes jylgha sozylghan ﴾1928-1933 j.j.﴿ búl sapyrylys elding berekesin alyp, sendey soghylystyrdy. 1920-1930 jyldary auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy qyzyl terror qalalargha arzan qara júmys kýshin әkelumen birge auyl túrghyndarynyng qalalargha keluin kóbeytti. 1926 jyly respublika túrghyndarynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng 2,0 payyzy qalalarda bolsa, búl dengey 1939 jyly 16,1 payyzgha artyp, al olardyng qatary 1959 jyly 24,3 payyzgha ósken eken. Al 1926 jyly respublika túrghyndarynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng 9,0 payyzy auyldarda bolsa, búl dengey 1939 jyly 83,9 payyzgha tómendep, al olardyng qatary 1959 jyly 75,7 payyzgha kemigen edi. Demek, ghasyrlar boyy kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli ómir saltyn ústanyp kelgen qazaq halqynyng Kenes ókimeti kezinde qalalargha shoghyrlanuy, irgeli mәdeny ortalyqtargha jinaqtaluy bayau jýrdi. Óitkeni, búl ýderis tabighy jolmen jýrgennen góri syrtqy kýshterge tәueldi boldy .

Yaghni, respublika boyynsha industriyalandyrudyng jýzege asqan ortalyqtaryna aghylghan qazaqtardyng qatary artyp, búlardyng birazy qazaq auylynan óndiris pen qúrylys ortalyqtaryna aghylghan ash bosqyndar bolsa, birazy Ukraina men Rossiyanyng iri qalalaryna shyqqandar edi. Búdan Qazaqstandaghy qala halqy qazaq bosqyndarynyng esesinen óskendigi kórinedi.  Qala halqynyng tez qarqynmen ósuine tabighy ósim ghana emes, kóshi-qonnyng da әseri joghary boldy. 1931-1937 jyldary qalalargha 390 myng adam kóship kelgen. Basqa halyqtardy aitpaghanda, qazaqtar 1926 jyly qala túrghyndarynyng 2,0 payyzyn qúraghan bolsa, búl kórsetkish 1959 jyly 24,3 payyzgha jetken edi.

Al endi 1937 jylghy halyq sanaghy boyynsha respublikadan tysqary jerlerge 48070 adamdar qonys teuip, osynyng nәtiyjesinen Qazaqstan halqy 9 payyzgha azayghan bolsa, onyng basym bóligin qazaqtar qúrap, olarmen birge birәn-sәrәn basqa últ ókilderi bolghan. Elimizdegi ishki kóshi-qondyq qozghalysqa 11470 adamdar qatysqan, olardyng 73071-i qalalyq, nemese qala tiptes eldi mekenderge baryp ornalasqan edi. Yaghni, auyl túrghyndarynyng qalalargha aghyluyna birden-bir sebep qúrylys alandary, zauyt-fabrikalardyng iske qosyluy boldy. Demek, 1937 jylghy respublika halqynyng sanyn 1926 jylghy sanaqtaghy sanymen salystyrghanda 1,3 esege azayghany bayqalyp, onyng ishinde qazaqtar -1,7 ese kemise, al elde qonystandyru sayasatynyng pәrmendi týrde jýrgiziluine baylanysty orystar -1,5 esege kóbeygen eken.

Qazaqstannan syrtqy kóshi-qon qozghalysynyng órshui, ata mekendi tastap aua kóshui 1926-1927 jyldary bastaldy. Mysaly, Batys Qazaqstanda qonys audarushylyq 1927-1928 jyldary ýdey týsti. Qyr jaylap, kóship-qonyp jýrgen aday, tabyn taypalarynyng otbasylary kenes ókimetining qúryghynan jәne jút saldarynan qútylmaq bolyp Qaraqalpaq, Týrkmen jerine kóship bardy. Sol kezde ýdere kóshken adaylardyng eki myng otbasyn ontýstik Qazaqstangha ﴾Maqtaralgha﴿ kýshpen qonystyrghan.

1928-1929 jyldary Manghystaudan basqa respublikalargha kóship ketkender turaly mәlimet saqtalghan. Mәlimetterge jýginsek 16 auyldaghy 158 ýidyng 47-i bir týnde kóshse, 7 auylda 300 ýiding 291-i, 4 auyldan 182 ýi, 13 auyldan 341, 12 jәne 14 auyldardan 500-dey ýy kóship ketken. Múraghattarda saqtalghan mәlimetter boyynsha Manghystaudyng auyldyq kenesinen 1928-1929 jyldary 1390 otbasy kóship ketkendigin aighaqtaydy. Jalghyz Manghystau emes, aua kóshushilik býkil respublika boyynsha jappay sipat ala bastady.

Osyghan baylanysty Qazaq Halyq Komissarlar Kenesi 1931 jyly nauryzda «Qazaqstan jerinen aua kóshumen kýres turaly» qauly qabyldap, kórshiles respublikalardyng ýkimet basshylaryna jedel hattar joldady. 1931 jyldyng 7 ay ishinde Qarjy komissariatynyng mәlimetinde Týrkimenstan, Ózbekstan, Tәjikstan, Oral, Sibir, Qytaygha jәne Edil boyyna 213 myng qazaqtardyng jer aua kóshkendigi aitylady.

Qazaqstandaghy zorlap újymdastyrudyng qara dauyly jaylap ótken keybir auyldarda tigerge túyaq qalmay adamdardyng ómiri mezgilsiz qiyldy. Aqyrynda ózining tuyp ósken jerinde kýn kóristing amal-aylasy qalmaghanyna kózderi jetken halyqtyng aldynda bir-aq jol qaldy, ol jappay basqa jaqtargha aua qonys audaru edi. “Bir kýn ashyqqannan, qyryq kýn aqyl súrama”, -dep qazaq atam aitqanday halyq aqyl-ayla oilaudan, qyspaqtan shyghudan óz betinshe jol tabudan qaldy: tyrnaqtap jinaghan dýniye-mýlikterin, tiguli kýiinde kiyiz ýilerin tastap, bastary aughan jaqqa qaray shúbyryp ketip jatty; eski qystaulary men mal qoralary iyesiz qaldy. Óz jerindegi bosqyngha ainalghan qazaqtardyng kóbisi respublika qalalarynyng ónerkәsip oryndaryna sendey soghylyp, júmysqa ornalasa almay jýrdi. Onyng ýstine, olardyng týnde týnep, kýndiz boy jylytatyn baspanasy da bolmady. Múnyng ayaghy júrttyng jappay ashyghyp, tughan mekenderin tastap, olar Qazaqstanmen kórshiles jatqan ólkeler men respublikalargha, jәne shet elderge qonys audarularyna tura keldi. Sondyqtan, olar Qazaqstanmen kórshiles jatqan Orta Aziya respublikalaryna, atap aitqanda Batys-Sibirge, Orta Edilge, taghy sol siyaqty shalghay jatqan jerlerge qaray baghyt ústap, olardyng birazy jol boyy shanyraq mýshelerining sýiegin say-salagha kómusiz qaldyryp, Reseyding Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Habarovsk, Kemerov, Vladivostok qalalaryna deyin baryp jetti.

Kóptegen múraghat derekteri Qazaqstandaghy asharshylyq  apaty 1927-1928 jylghy júttan keyin-aq bastalghanyn kórsetedi. Mәselen, Aday okruginde mal jútap, adamdar ashtyqqa úshyrap, Guriev uezining de biraz auyldary asharshylyqqa úshyrady. Jýzdegen bosqyndar tentirep respublikanyng ontýstigindegi audandargha deyin jetti. 1928 jyldyng 27 qarashasynda Shymkentting Halyq Komissarlar Kenesine Guriev uezinen kelgen 350 otbasyna azyq-týlikpen kómektesip, olardy újymsharlargha júmysqa ornalastyru ýshin 100  myng som nesiye, 8 myng pút astyq súraghan jedel hat týsedi. Sonymen birge, 1927-1928 jyldyng qysynda әbden kóizelgen Manghystau halqy Týrkimenstan jerine dendep, odan әri Irangha júmys izdep, tamaq tabudyng amalymen bosqynshylyqqa úshyrady. Múraghat qújattary kórsetkendey Krasnovodskige-1000, Bayramәlige-50, Tedjenge-100 qazaq sharuashylyqtarynyng ketkendigi aitylady.

Qazaqstandaghy qiynshylyq jaghdaylardan óz ishindegi kóshi-qon jaghdaylarynyng kýsheye týsuining qazaq halqyna әkelgen auyrtpashylyghy óz aldyna, ýkimet tarapynan jýrgizilgen qughyndau saldarynan jәne ashtyqtan qoryqqan qazaqtar respublikadan tysqary jerlerge, Qazaqstanmen kórshiles respublikalargha jәne odaqtas memleketterge, arghysy shetelderge jappay kóshe bastady. 1931-1933 jyldarda bolghan qyzyl qyrghynnan barlyq shyghyn-3 million adam jәne qyzyltaban bosqynshylyghynan barsha halyqtyng 1900 myny shetke qaray birjola ýdere kóshken. 1930 jyldyng basynan 1931 jyldyng ortasyna deyingi kezende ghana Qzaqstan jerinen 281280 sharua qojalyghy kóship ketti, olardyng eleuli bóligi Qytay, Iran, Aughanstannyng jerine auyp bardy. Asharshylyq jyldary respublika sheginen tys jerlerge barlyghy 1030 myng adam kóshti, olardyng 616 myny birjolata ketti de, 414 myny keyinnen Qazaqstandaghy jaghday týzele bastaghan uaqyttarda elge qaytyp keldi. Olardyng ishinde 200 myngha juyghy Qytaygha, Aughanstangha, Iran men Týrkiyagha ótip ketti. Qazaqstannyng óz ishindegi kóshi-qon jaghdaylarynyng saldarynan halyq qúramynyng ózgergendigi jәne jergilikti qazaq halqynyng ýles salmaghy jaghynan azshylyqqa ainalghany tarihy demografiyalyq jaghynan ghylymy derekter negizinde aiqyndala týsti. Al endi respublikadan tys syrtqy kóshi-qongha baylanysty kórshiles respublikalar men Odaqtas memleketter arqyly shetelderge aughan qazaqtar jayynda ghalymdar әrtýrli pikirler aityp, derektik mәlimetter keltirude.

Kóptegen qazaqtardyng irgeles respublikalargha auyp ketkendigin halyq sanaqtarynyng mәlimetteri de dәlәldeydi. Eger, 1926 jylghy sanaq boyynsha basqa respublikalarda 314 myng qazaq túrghan bolsa, al 1939 jyly olardyng sany 794 myngha jetken edi. Endi, 1926-1939 jyldary aralyghynda jer auyp barghandar ﴾imigranttar﴿ esebinen qazaqtar RSFSR-da -2,3 ese, Ózbekstanda -1,7 ese, Týrkimenstanda -6 ese, Tәjikstanda -7 ese, Qyrghyzstanda -10 ese artqan.

Asharshylyqqa úshyraghan auadndargha kómek beru júmysy әuelden dúrys úiymdastyrylmady. F.IY.Goloshekin qughyndau sadary men ashtyqtan bosqyn bolyp ketkenderdi «qazaqtar ejelden kóship qonyp jýruge әdettenip ketken» -dep týsindiruge tyrysty. Ol múny kóshpendilerding túrmysy qayta qúrylyp, ózgerip jatyr dep dәriptedi.

Asharshylyq saldarynan respublikadan tysqary jerlerge bosqyn bolyp ketkenderding qoldary jetkenderi halyq sharuashylyghynyng әr týrli mekemelerine jaldanyp, Murmansk, Sibir, Qiyr Shyghys, Kamchatkagha deyin bardy. Áriyne, múnday mýmkindik bola bergen joq. Qyrghyzstangha bosyp barghan 100 mynday adamnyng ishinen 1933 jyly sәuirde tek 2500 adamdy ghana júmysshy retinde ornalastyrugha núsqau berildi. Tәjikstandaghy Vahsh su elektr stansiyasynyng qúrylysyna óz betimen barghandargha júmys ta, aqy da, azyq-týlik te joq bolyp shyqty. Mysaly, 1931-1932 jyldary Qyrghyzstangha 5470 qazaq otbasy kóship bardy. Qazaq halqy sharuashylyghy esebi basqarmasynyng joghary úiymdargha bergen mәlimetterine qaraghanda 1930-1932 jyldary Qazaqstannan tys jerlerde ﴾qaytyp kelgenderdi eseptemegende﴿ 1,3 million adam kóship ketken. Olardyng 500-616 myny ózge respublikalarda qalyp qoysa, 200-205 myng dayy shetelderde mekendep qalghandyghyna baylanysty derekter bar.

Eger 1926 jәne 1937 jylghy Býkilodaqtyq sanaq mәlimetterine sýienip taldau jasasaq, kórshi odaqtas respublikalardan qaytpay qalghan qazaqtar 300 mynnan asatyny bayqalady. Yaghni, qysqa merzimde múnshama qazaq halqynyng jat jerge qonys audaruy-adamzat tarihynda búryn-sondy bolmaghan qasiretti oqigha edi.

Býgingi tarihymyzdaghy aqtandaq taqyryptyng biri-san myndaghan qazaqtyng 1929-1932 jyldary respulikadan syrtqy kóshi-qongha baylanysty Qytay astyp ketui. Demek, 1931-1932 jyldary ashtyqqa úshyraghan qazaqtargha ókimet tarapynan bolghan qysymgha shydamaghan Tarbaghatay ónirindegi bir dýiem el Qytaygha ótip ketuge әreket jasapty. Búl negizinen Kókpekti, Aqsuat, Ayakóz, Ýrjar eldi mekenderining halqy bolatyn. Shekarada qyzyldar oq boratyp, odan aman qalghandaryn osy ónirdi mekendep, ómir sýruge kýshteydi. Yaghni, Aqsuattyng qút-bereke daryghan Qyzyltas, Qyzylkesek ónirinen jer aughan birshama júrt shekarada toqtalyp, Kóktalgha әkelindi. Olardyng sol kezdegi úzyn sany 500 otbasyn qúrasa kerek. Búl degenimiz 1374 adamdar bolghany kórinedi. Al endi tarih ghylymdarynyn  doktory, professor T.Omarbekov «20-30 jyldardaghy Qazaqstan qasireti» atty enbeginde ol shetelge ketkender jayly tolyq toqtalady. Sonyng ishinde, Qytaymen shekaralas audandaryna qysqasha sipattama beredi. 1931 jyly búlardyng jalpy sany 11 boldy ﴾búryn 16 boldy﴿. Olar: Alakól, Lepsi, Jәrkent, Kegen, Katon-Qaraghay, Zaysan, Tarbaghatay, Ýrjar audandar, sonday-aq, Taldyqorghan jәne Aqsu audandarynyng shekaragha jaqyndau bir bólikteri edi. Shekaralyq audandardaghy halyqtyng jalpy sany 1931 jyly 505,701 adam, yaghny Qazaqstan halqynyng 7,33  payyzy boldy. Al olardyng әleumettik qúramy tómendegidey edi: júmysshylar-25510 adam, qyzmetkerler -25318, újymsharshylar-228387, kedeyler men batyraqtar-101924, ortashalar-79264 jәne kulaktar-45298 bolghan eken. Sonmen birge, osy qújatta shekaralyq audandardaghy halyqtarynyng últtyq belgileri de berilgen. Yaghni, 66,1 payyzy-qazaqtar, 33,35 payyzy europalyq últtardyng ókilderi jәne 0,55 payyzy  Orta Aziya halyqtary bolatyn, yaghny shekaralyq audandardaghy qazaqtar sany-334.368 adamdar ekendigi bayqalady.

Qytaygha ótkender arasynda әr týrli últ ókilderi boldy. Biraq, negizinen Qytay asqandar-qazaqtar bolatyn. Yaghni, qazaqtardyng Qytaygha kóshuine baylanysty 1931 jyly qúrylghan Á.Jankeldin basqarghan memlekettik komissiyanyng tekserui boyynsha shekaralyq audandardan kóship ketkender arasynda qazaqtar ¼ astamy yaghny 83.5  deyi ekeni aighaqtalghan. Búl derekterdi OGPU-ding jedel barlau mәlimetteri men memlekettik josparlau derekteri rastay týsedi. OGPU mәlimeti boyynsha 1931 jyldyng kýz ailarynda Batys Qytaydaghy bosqyndar sany 60 myngha juyq, al songhysynyng deregi boyynsha kórsetilgen merzimge deyin Qazaqstannyng shekaralyq audandaryndaghy halqy 87 mynday adamgha azayghan. Eger tarihy shyndyq osy derekterding ortasynda jatyr dep qarasaq Batys Qytaygha ótken qazaqtar sany shamamen 70 myng adam deuge bolady.

Sonymen birge, Iran, Aughanstan, Týrkiya jerindegi qazaqtar – Qytay jeri arqyly barghandar edi. Demek, múraghat mәlimetterine sýiensek eger 1932 jylgha deyin qazaq bosqyndary Sibirding Qazaqstanmen shektes audandarynda ornalasqan bolsa, 1932 jyldyng alghashqy ailarynda olardyng Sibir jerine terendep ketkenin, shalghay jatqan Novosibirskige de «qonystana» bastaghanyn angharamyz.

Eger, 1926 jәne 1939 jylghy Býkilodaqtyq sanaq derekterine sýienip taldau jasasaq, jalpy alghanda, Qazaqstannan shyghyp ketken bosqyndar sany 500 mynnan asyp týsetini bayqalady. Búlardyng 200 myndayy Qazaqstandaghy basshylyq auysqannan keyin kóp keshikpey ózining tughan jerine qaytyp oraldy.

1926 jylghy sanaqta Biysk, Barabinsk, Omby, Novosibirsk, Slavgorod, Rubsov okrugterimen Tauly Altay avtonomiyaly oblysynda qazaqtardyng shoghyrlanyp ornalasqany jәne olardyng 20-25 payyzy egin salumen ainalyspaytyndyghy tirkelgen. 1931-1933 jyldary Kuzbas qúrylysyna 30 myng qazaq kelip ornalasqan, al sol jyldarda Sibirdegi qazaqtardyng jalpy sany 100 myngha juyqtaghan. Búl respublikadan tysqary aghylghan bosqyndardyng kóshi-qondyq qozghalysyna naqty dәlel bola alady. Qazaqtar eng kóp shoghyrlanghan Omby oblysynyng jaramdy jerining 60 payyzyn qazaq baylary basyp alghan. Slavgorod okrugining qazaqtarynyng bay-kulaktary 4-5 payyz, orta sharualar 52 payyz bolsa, memleket tarapynan kórsetilgen kómekke qaramastan kedey sharuashylyqtarynyng 20 payyzynyng kóligi de joq ekendigi turaly derek saqtalghan. 1928 jyldyng qarashasynda ólkening últ isteri jónindegi kenesi Slavgorod okrugindegi kooperativter qazaq sharuashylyghynyng 21 payyzy, Ombyda-29,3 payyz, Biyskide-38 payyz qamtylghandyghyn kórsetedi.

1932 jyly Sibirding 16 audanynda 172 qazaq kolhozy úiymdastyrylghan bolsa, 1933 jyly búl san 90 payyzgha jogharylaghan. Búl derekte qazaq bosqyndarynyng kóbi keri qaytpay respublikadan tys jerlerde qonystap qalghandyghyn asha týsedi. Mine, osylaysha 1926 jyly qazaqtardyng ózindik ýles salmaghy 57,1 payyz bolsa, al 1959 jyly 30,0 payyzgha týsu sebebining syry aiqyndalady, búl kezde orys halqynyng respublikadaghy ózindik ýles salmaghy 40,2 payyzgha jetip etnikalyq toptardyng ishindegi eng kólemdisine ainaldy.

Derekterge jýginsek, 1930 jyly újymdastyru barysyndaghy zorlyq 34977 qojalyqty respublikadan tys jerge kóshiruge mәjbýr etti. Orta eseppen qazaqtyng әr sharua qojalyghynda 5 adamnan boldy dep eseptese,  1930 jyly syrtqa 174,8 myng adam ketip, barlyq auyl adamdary 417,9 myngha azayghan. Múnday sheshimge keluimizge R.Konkvesting 44 myng qazaq otbasymen Týrkmenstangha ketip, kópshiligi basmashylar qataryn tolyqtyrdy degen mәlimetimen «Qazaqstannyng jappay újymdastyru audandarynan 20 myng bay men kulakty ýi-ishimen shúghyl týrde elsiz, japan dalagha jer audaru turaly sheshim qabyldanyp, jauyzdyq әreketter arqyly iske asyryldy» degen derekteri dәlel bolady.

Qazaqstannan tysqary jerge ketkenderding de jaghdayy mәz bolmady. 1932 jyly qazaqtardan Edil boyyna 40 myn, Qyrghyzstangha 100 myn, Batys Sibirge 50 myn, Qaraqalpaqstangha 20 mynnan astam, Ózbekstan men Tәjikstangha 45-50 mynday adam barghan edi. Mysaly, kórshiles Qyrghyz respublikasyna barghan qazaqtar jónindegi sholuda: olardyng jalpy sanyn aitu qiyn, óitkeni halyq óz betimen lek-legimen kelude-dep jazylghan. Sol qújatta Qorday asuynda Qyrghyz eline jete almay ólip qalghan kóptegen adamdardyng denesi kóktemde qar astynan shyqqany aitylady. Sol siyaqty Edil jәne Sibir jaqqa ketken qazaqtardan da kóp adamdar ashtan ólip, shyghyngha úshyraghan edi.

Qazaqstan jerindegi újymdastyru arqyly qoldan jasalghan 1932-1933 jyldardaghy asharshylyqtan qazaqtardyng jappay qyryluy, bir últtyng basyna әkelgen zobalannyng óte auyr qayghy-qasireti bolsa, sonyng saldarynan sheteldermen basqa aimaqtargha kóship ketuding keng óris aluy, qazaq halqynyng óz Otanynda azayyp kórshiles respublikalar men, Kenes Odaghynyng basqa respublikalarynda jәne shetelderde túryp, ómir sýrip jatqandyghyn bayqatady. Naqtyraq aitqanda respublikadaghy ishki nemese syrtqy kóshi-qonyna baylanysty qazaqtardyng ózining Otanyndaghy halyqtar arasndaghy ýlesining azayyp, al kerisinshe dýnie jýzi boyynsha olardyng sanynyng óskendigin bayqaymyz. Endi, qazaq halqynyng syrtqy kóshi-qon jaghdayyn tarihy demografiyalyq jaghynan alyp qaraghandaghy olardyng jalpy sany nemese kórshiles respublikalar men Odaqtas memleketterde ornalasyp, jәne shetelderde shoghyrlanu mәselelerine kelsek, qazaqtardyng býkil dýnie jýzinde, Kenester Odaghy men shet elderde búrynnan qalyptasqan dәstýrli ornalasuy zerttelip otyrghan jyldary da saqtalyp, óz erekshelikterin anyqtay týsti.  Qazaqtardyng arasyndaghy kóship-qonu jaghdaylarynyng kýshti boluy nәtiyjesinde olardyng territoriyalyq ornalasuynda, yaghny Kenes Odaghynda, onyng ishinde respublikasynda jәne shet elderde túruynda ýlken ózgerister boldy. Búl ózgerister әsirese, 1920-1930 jyldary auqatty sharualardy tәrkileu, qazaqtardy jappay zorlap otyryqshylandyru men újymdastyru kezinde Kenes Odaghynyng basqa aimaqtary týgil, shet elderge aua kóshuining tikeley nәtiyjeleri edi (600 myn).

1920-1930 jyldary qazaqtardyng syrtqa kóshui olardyng óz respublikasyndaghy sany men ýlesine keri әser etti. Degenmen qazaqtardyng basym kópshiligi, ýlesi azayghanyna qaramastan, óz Otanynda túryp, ómir sýrdi. Tek 1926-1939 jyldary arasynda Odaqtyng basqa aimaqtarynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 868 myngha deyin jetip, ýlesi 8,6 payyzdan 24,9 payyzgha deyin ósti. Óz respublikasynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 1,300 myngha juyq kemip, ýlesi 91,4 payyzdan 75,6 payyzgha deyin tómendedi. Degenmen keyingi 20 jyl ishinde (1939-1959 jyldary) óz Otanynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany da, ýlesi de óse bastady: 1959 jyly Odaqtyng basqa aimaqtarynda túratyn qazaqtar 22,8 payyz (922 myng adam) bolsa, óz respublikasyndaghylardyng ýlesi 77,2 payyzgha jetti. Kenes Odaghynyng basqa respublikalarynda túratyn qazaqtardyng kóbirek shoghyrlanghan jerleri, Resey (1939 jyly 10,0 payyz, 1959 jyly 9,0 payyz), Ózbekstan (8,9 payyz jәne 7,9 payyz), Týrikmenstan (1,8 payyz jәne 1,6 payyz) jәne taghy basqalar.

Soghystan keyingi uaqyttarda qazaq halqynyng kóshi-qon mәseleleri sayabyrsyghanymen, basqa últ ókilderining Qazaqstangha kóptep qonystanuy respublikadaghy qazaq halqynyng ýlesin 30 payyzgha deyin tómendetip jiberdi. Ásirese, tyng jәne tynayghan jerlerdi iygeru kezinde respublikagha basqa últ ókilderi kóptep aghyldy. Tyng iygeru jyldardan bastalghan osy ýrdiske kóz jýgirtsek barlyghy Qazaqstangha 2 milliongha juyq adam kelip qonystanghan eken. Sonymen birge, osy uaqyttardaghy Qazaqstangha basqa elderden, mysaly, Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan kelip qonystanghan qazaqtardyng kóshi-qony jayyndaghy derekterdi de algha tartamyz. 1954 jyly Kenes Odaghynyng Ministrler Kenesining 16 sәuirdegi № 751-329 búiryghymen Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan mausym-tamyz ailarynda búrynghy kóship ketken adamdardy tyng iygeruge baylanysty qayta kóshirip alu turaly qauly qabyldady. Al Qytaygha baryp qonystanghandardyng barlyghy derlik qazaqtar bolatyn. Osy qaulygha sәikes 1954-1955 jyldardaghy Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan Qazaqstangha 65564 adam kóshirilip әkelindi. Olardan kolhozdargha 3513 otbasy jәne sovhozdargha 8432 otbasy ornalastyryldy. Osy tústa Qazaqstan Ortalyq Partiya Komiyteti qyzmetkerlerining anyqtauynsha ol halyqtyng kóbi respublikanyng 9 oblysyna: Aqmola, Jambyl, Batys Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy, Kókshetau, Qostanay, Pavlodar, Semey jәne Taldyqorghan oblystaryna ornalastyrylyp, júmyspen, baspanamen qamtamasyz etilgen. 1957 jyly Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan kelgen qazaqtardyng sany jayyndaghy mәlimetterdi de kezdestiruge bolady. 1957 jyly Qazaqstannyng týrli oblystaryna barlyghy 18500 otbasy kóshirilip әkelindi. Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan elge oralghan qazaqtardyng kóshi-qony jyl sayyn ósip otyrghanyn bayqaugha bolady. 1959 jyly Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan kelgen adamdardy Qazaqstannyng әr oblystaryna ornalastyrghanda 37998 adamnan kelgen. Yaghni, múraghat derekterine qaraghanda, 1953-1959 jyldary aralyghynda Qytaydan Qazaqstangha 82225 otbasy kelse, olardyng 13792-i keri kóship ketken. 1953-1959 jyldar aralyghynda Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan Qazaqstangha kelgenderding jalpy sany 100 myng adamnan asqany jayynda kóptegen tarihy derekterde kórsetilgen. Osy kóshi-qonda bir aita keterligi Qytaydan qazaqtarmen birge orys, tatar, úighyr, dýngen, ózbek últynyng ókilderi de kelgendigi belgili. HH ghasyrdyng 20-30 jyldary sheteldegi qazaq diasporalary da kóshi-qonnan kóz ashqan joq. Búl, eng aldymen Qytay jerindegi sayasy oqighalargha baylanysty edi. Qytay elindegi aumaly-tókpeli sayasy jaghdaylar sol el aumaghynda túratyn qazaqtardyng keyingi taghdyryna tikeley әser etti. Úrpaghyn, últyn saqtap qalu maqsatynda qazaqtardyng bir bóligi Altay asyp Mongholiya jerine baryp qonys tepti. Al endi bir bóligi Qytay biyligimen shayqasa otyryp Tiybet, Taklamakan arqyly Ýndistan, Pәkistan jerine baryp qonys tebedi. Olardyng sany 10 myng manayynda edi. Búl 1940 jyldary bolghan. Ýndistan, Pәkistan jerinde túraqty qonystay almady. Kóbi jol azabyn kórdi, jol boyy soghysty da, nәtiyjesinde sol adamdardyng jartysyna juyghy qyryldy. Tek, 1952 jyly 24 qyrkýiekte Týrkiyagha birjolata qonystanugha arnayy rúqsat etilgen birinshi 102 qazaq bosqyndarynyng tizimi bekitiledi. 1952 jyly alghashqy lek Týrkiyagha attanady. Ekinshi lek 1953 jyly jolgha shyghady.  «Europadaghy qazaq týrikterining bulleteninin» deregi boyynsha 1953 jyly Týrkiyagha Ýndistan men Pәkistannan 1450 qazaq kelip qonystanady. Búlar sol 1941 jyly Elishan batyrdyng basshylyghymen, 1951 jyly qyrkýiekte Qúsayyn tәiji, Súltanshәrip tәiji jәne Álibek (Qaliybek) Hәkimning basqaruymen Pәkistan jerine kelgen qazaq bosqyndarynyng aman qalghandary edi. Týrkiyagha qazaqtar birneshe jolmen barady. Týrik ýkimeti memleket shekarasyna deyin qazaqtardyng óz qarjysymen keluin, odan arghy barlyq shyghyndy ýkimet óz moyynyna alatynyn aitady. Qazaqtardyng bir tobynyng Týrkiya jerine kelgeni jayly aitar bolsaq. Ýndistannyng Bombey qalasynan 8 kýnde bir Pәkistannyng Karachy qalasyna keletin jolaushy kemesine 1953 jyly qarasha aiynyng basynda 114 qazaq otyryp 8 tәulikten keyin Iraktyng Basra qalasyna keledi. Qazaqtar búl jerden poyyzgha otyryp Irak astanasy Baghdat qalasyna jetedi. Baghdattan poyyzgha otyrghan olar Núsaybin qalasy arqyly Stambul qalasyna jetedi. 1953 jyldyng qyrkýiek aiynan qarasha aiyna deyin Pәkistan jerinen Týrkiyagha barghan qazaqtardyng jalpy sany 1379 bolghan. Jalpy qazaqtardyng Týrkiya jerine qonystanu ýrdisi 1956 jәne 1958 jyldargha deyin sozylady. 1952-1958 jyldar aralyghynda Týrkiyagha 564 otbasy yaghny 1892 adam keledi. Osy qazaqtardyng úrpaqtary Týrkiya jerinde býgingi kýnderi de ómir sýrip jatqan jaghdaylary bar.

1926-1959 jyldar aralyghynda shet elderde túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 454000 (4 ese) adamgha kóbeyip, yaghny 33,0 payyzgha ósken bolsa, al olardyng 1939 jylghy sanyn 1926 jylghy sanymen salystyrghanda 130000-ge (1 ese), demek 63,0 payyzgha ósken edi. Endi, 1959 jyly olardyng qataryn 1939 jylghy sanymen salystyrghanda 324000-ge (3 ese), demek 52,0 payyzgha ósken[20]. Shet elderdegi qazaqtardyng iri toptary Qytay, Mongholiya, Týrkiya, Aughanstan jәne Iranda ómir sýrdi. 1959 jyly shet elderdegi qazaqtardyng basym bóligi Qytayda 580000-i, yaghny 13,5 payyzy, Mongholiyada 39000-i, demek 0,9 payyzy, Aughansatnda 3000-i, yaghny 0,1 payyzy, al Týrkiyada 2000-i demek 0,1 payyzy qazaqtar bolghan eken.

1926-1959 jyldar aralyghyndaghy kóshi-qon mәselelerin qarastyrudyng nәtiyjesi sol kezdegi respublikadaghy jýrgizilgen qúityrqy solaqay sayasattardyng kesirinen qazaq halqynyng әleumettik demografiyalyq jaghdaylarynyng ózgeristerge úshyraghanyn bayqatady. Respublikamyzgha óz atauyn bergen qazaq últynyng respublika kólemindegi ishki kóshi-qon mәselelerine jәne respublikadan tys kórshiles memleketter men shetelderge aua kóship ketu syrtqy kóshi-qon mәseleleri, onyng sany men qúramy jәne әleumettik qúramyna qatty әserlerin tiygizip, demografiyalyq ýrdisterge úshyratty. Sonday aq, qazaqtardyng sany men ýlesterining ósip, órkendeuine orasan zor ziyandy zardaptaryn tiygizgen zertteu aralyghyndaghy qasiretterding ﴾újymdastyru, industriyalandyru, asharshylyq, repressyalar, Úly Otan soghysy, soghystan keyingi halyq sharuashylyghyn qaytadan qalpyna keltiru jәne tyng iygeru jyldarynyn﴿ әserinen qazaq halqynyng sany men qúramy jәne әleumettik qúramy kóshi-qon mәselelerinen ýlken demografiyalyq kýizelisterge úshyrady. Kenestendiru jyldarynyng újymdastyru, tәrkileu nauqandary kezinde shetel asqan qazaqtardyng sany jýz mynnan asa bolghany demografiyalyq jaghdaylargha qanshalyqty kesirin tiygizgeni anyq. Respublikagha syrttan kýshtep kóshirilip kelgen últ ókilderining ýles salmaghy aitarlyqtay basymdylyq tanytyp, al, kerisinshe jergilikti halyq qazaqtardyng óz otanynda azshylyqqa ainaluy da  sol kezdegi kóshi-qon mәseleleri tarihynyng kólenkeli tústary edi. Mysaly, Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan 1953-1959 jyldar aralyghynda 100 mynnan astam adamnyng kelgeni qazaq halqynyng sanyna da azdap ong ózgerister әkelgeni belgili. Syrtqy kóshi-qonnyng saldarynan qazaq halqy óz jerinde otyryp ózge últtarmen salystyrghanda azayghan. Múnday jaghdaygha әkelgen kenestik jýie basshylyghynyng qoldan jasaghan újymdastyru, tәrkileu siyaqty nauqandarynyng nәtiyjesi bolghandyghy kórsetiledi.

Kenes ókimeti qazaqtardyng dәstýrli sharuashylyghy men ómir saltyn qayta qúru men órkendetude qate týsinikte boldy. Sondyqtan da, ghylymy túrghydan negizdelmegen saldary jaghynan auyr qauipti baghyt ústandy. Olar, qazaqtardyng dәstýrli sharuashylyghyn ghasyrlar boyy ózderi ómir sýrgen tabighy ortany iygeru, oghan beyimdelu, bir sózben aitqanda, tabighatpen organikalyq tyghyz baylanysty ósip-ónu nәtiyjesinde qalyptasqan jandy jýie retinde baghalay almady. Sondyqtan da, bolishevikter basqarghan ókimet qazaq sharuashylyghyn ghylymy negizde odan ary jetildire týsu emes, kýni ótken sharuashylyq týri retinde birjola joygha әreket etti.

Kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli qazaq sharualaryn qysqa merzimde jedel týrde jappay josparly otyryqshylandyru júmysy sәtsizdikke úshyrady, dәstýrli sharuashylyq zanyn eskermey jasaghan jospardyng oryndalmaghanyn aitqanda, ol qazaq halqynyng ata-qonystarynan aua kóshulerin ýdetip, olardy sergeldenge salyp, bosqynshylyqqa úshyratty.

Demek, Qazaqstan memleketining nemese onyng jergilikti últy qazaq halqynyng bolashaghy tek qana tabighy baylyghynyng mol qorynda ghana emes, respublikadaghy kәsiptik dengeyi joghary, bilimdi, kóp últty júmysshy men qyzmetkerlerding qúramynyng ózindik kýshi jinaqtalghanyna qatysty bolmaq. Múnyng ózi ashtyqtan, bosqyndyqtan iyesiz qalghan qazaq jerine syrttan kóz tigushilerding basym bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Sonymen, orystildi túrghyndardyng syrtqy kóshi-qongha baylanysty, Qazaqstangha kóptep kelui ekonomikanyng damuyna ózindik salqynyn tiygizui mýmkin, óitkeni Qazaqstanda túratyn orystardyng 1926 jyly 22,2 payyzy, nemese 1959 jyly 59,0 payyzy qalalyqtardy qúraghan, al múnyng ózi olardyng manyzdy әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ortadaghy artyqshylyghyn kórsetedi. Sondyqtan tek qazaqtargha ghana emes, respublikanyng ózge últtaryna da shyn mәninde óz elinde túrghanday sezinuine materialdyq jaghynan jaghday tughyzu qajet boldy.

Qorytyndylay kele 1926 nemese 1959 jyldardy qamtyghan zertteu aralyghynda Qazaqstannyng ishki kóshi-qon mәselesinde qazaqtardyng bir qiyrdan ekinshi qiyrgha, nemese bir aimaqtan ekinshi aimaqqa kóship-qonyp jýrui olardyng saltyna ainalsa, al keybireuleri  auyldardan qalalargha qonys audaryp, kóship jatty. Olar fabrika men zavodtargha júmysqa ornalasyp qalalardaghy óndiris oryndarynyng qataryndaghy júmysshylar men qyzmetkerlerding qataryn tolyqtyrdy. Al syrtqy kóshi-qonda Qazaqstandaghy kenestendiru sayasatynyng nәtiyjesi, kolhozdastyru nauqanynda qazaq baylaryn tәrkilep, qughyndau mәselelerining óris aluy, jәne  újymdastyrudyng saldarynan kelgen asharshylyq apatynyng qayghy-qasiretterine shyday almaghan qazaqtar kórshiles respublikalar men odaqtas memleketterge, odan arghysy shetelderge qonys audaryp, kóship kettiuining nәtiyjesinen qazaq halqy óz otanynda az últqa ainalsa, aldyn ala oilastyrylghan, sol kezdegi jymysqy sayasatqa baylanysty olardyng ornyna kórshiles elderden respublikamyzgha orystar men basqa da últ ókilderining qonys auyp keluinin  tolqynynan Qazaqstan industriyasynyng damyp, jana qalalardyng payda bolyp, eski qalalardyng janaruyna, auyl sharuashylyghy men mәdeniyetine tiygizgen iygi әserin aita ketken jón. Demek, 1926-1959 jyldar aralyghyndaghy qazaq halqynyng kóshi-qon mәselelerine baylanysty tarihynyng demografiyalyq aqtandaq kezenderin ghylymy túrghydan zerdeleu, búrmalanghan tústaryn demografiyalyq baghytpen janadan zerttep jazu, janasha tarihy demografiyalyq kózqarastardy qalyptastyru, búl degenimiz býgingi kýn talabynan alyp qaraghandaghy qazaq halqynyng zertteu aralyghyn qamtityn kóshi-qon mәselelerin tarihy demografiyalyq túrghysynan ashyp kórsetu bolyp sanalary anyq.

Degenmen, Qazaqstandaghy 1926 jәne 1959 jyldary aralyghyndaghy qazaq halqynyng ishki jәne syrtqy kóshi-qon mәselesindegi tarihy demografiyalyq sipaty osynday bolghanymen, osy kýnderi qazaq demografiyasynyng kóshi-qon mәselelerining tarihyndaghy osynau kenestendiru dәuirining aqtandaq betteri tarihy demografiyalyq túrghydan zerttelinip, talay tarihy demografiyalyq derekterding mәni ashyluda. Qazaq halqynyng kóshi-qon mәselelerining tarihyn týbegeyli zertteu halqymyzdyng ótken jolyndaghy kenestendiru jyldarynyng demografiyalyq jaghdaylaryn bilude ghana emes, aldaghy uaqytta ony әleumettik jaghynan zertteuge de negiz qalaydy. Qazaqtardyng kóshi-qon mәselelerin tarihy demografiyalyq jaghynan qarastyruda, kezinde kenestendiru kezenining zertteu aralyghyn qamtyghan Qazaqstandaghy  qiynshylyqtargha baylanysty respublikamyzdan kórshiles respublikalar men Odaqtas memleketterge jәne shetelderge qonys audaryp ketken qazaq qandastarymyzdyng ózderi bolmasa da, úrpaqtary birli jarym bolsa da, óz Otanymyzgha qaytyp oraluda. Yaghni, kósh qondy bolghan sayyn, egemendi elimiz, tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng tuu jelbirep, shanyraghy biyiktey bermek.

J.Taldybaev

Abai.kz