Songhy 2-3 jyl arasynda «Qazaqstan-ZAMAN» gazetining betinde úighyrlar jóninde onnan asa maqala jaryq kórdi. Sol gazette, mektep oqushylaryna arnalghan test súraqtary da jiyi-jii jaryalanady.

Songhy 2-3 jyl arasynda «Qazaqstan-ZAMAN» gazetining betinde úighyrlar jóninde onnan asa maqala jaryq kórdi. Sol gazette, mektep oqushylaryna arnalghan test súraqtary da jiyi-jii jaryalanady.

Qazaq tilining súraqtarynyng biri : «Úrys – yrysty qashyrar, yntymaq – halyqty asyrar». Meninshe «Qazaqstan-ZAMAN» gazetining keybir tilshileri búl súraqtyng maghynasyn tereng bilmese kerek. Sebebi olardyng aityp, jazyp jýrgenderi mýldem basqasha. Mening oiymdy, osy gazeting tilshisi Múhan Isahan ózining «Úighyrlar tarihy» atty maqalasynda (Qazaqstan-ZAMAN, 27.11.08.j.) bylay týsindiredi: «...býgingi tarihyn jeti zertteuding qajeti tuyp otyr...». Men tariyhqa kóp terendemey, býkil týrki halyqtarymen onyng ziyalylarynyng qúrmetine bólengen ghalymdardyng úighyrlar jóninde aitqandaryna sizderding nazarlarynyzdy salayyn.
Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly 1911 jyly Orynborda jaryq kórgen ózining «Týrik, qyrghyz – qazaq hәm handar shejiresi» atty enbeginde «...Úighyr degen birigip qosylghan» degen maghynada dep shejire jazushylarynyng bәri aitqan dese de bolady. Sol úighyrdan qyrghyz, qanly, qypshaq, nayman, kereyt, dulat t.s.s. toptar (rular – K. M.) shyqqan» dep jazghan bolatyn.
Áygili tarihshy Ábiylghazy Bahadurhan ózining ata – babasynyng shejiresin jazghanda («Rodoslovnoe drevo turkov», Moskva – Tashkent- Bishkek, 1996g.), bylay deydi - «…úighyrlarmen naymandar Jayyqtyng basyn jaylap, Syrdyng ayaghyn qystap jýrgen kez edi ...» dese, S.Ahinjanov ózining «Kypchaky v istoriy srednevekovogo Kazahstana» atty enbeginde, 1182 jyly Horezm handyghyndaghy Jent qalasyna Jayyqtyng jaghasynan kelgen kypshaq aqsýiekteri, biz úighyr (igur) úldarymyz degen dep, tarihy derekterge silteme jasaghan. Sonda qalay bolghany? Shynghyshangha deyin Syr men Jayyqtyng boyyndaghy úighyrlar qayda qús bolyp úshyp ketti?  Jaraydy, sózdi úzartpayyn, endi sol bauyrym M.Isahannyng «úighyr diasporasy» dep kótórgen mәselesine týsindirme bereyin.
Oy-pikirimdi oqyrmangha tolyghyraq jetkizu ýshin songhy 100-150 jyldardaghy qazaq-úighyr qatynastaryna  toqtalayyn.
Resey imperiyasy Ortalyq Aziyanyng birsypyra aimaqtaryn ózine tәueldi etip, úighyrdy – taranshy, al qazaqty – qyrghyz dep, HIH ghasyrdyng ortasynda Jetisugha da kelip jetti. Aq patshanyng biyligin moyyndamaghan 300 myngha juyq qazaq, qyrghyz ru ókilderining adamdary  ontýstikke yghysyp bauyrlary úighyrlargha keldi.(Amanjol Kýzenbayúly, Erkin Ábil «Istoriya Respubliky Kazahstan», Almaty, 1998g.) Olardy jaqsy shyraymenen qarsy alghan úighyrlar qandastaryna shúrayly jayylymdar berip, óz qaramaghyna aldy. Búghan riza bolghan qazaq ru basshylary endi Resey imperiyasynyng yqpalynan shyghyp, úighyrlarmen biriguge úmtyldy. Solardyng biri imperiya polkovniygi Tezek Abylayhanov edi. Ol ózining jaqtastarymen Jetisudaghy iri orys bekinisining biri Qapalgha aqsha alyp bara jatqan mayor Zadorenkonyng otryadyna 1870 jyly shabuyl jasap, Qapal bekinisine tiyisti aqshany týgel oljalap Ile súltanatynyng ortalyghy Qúljagha qashty. Ony quyp kelgen aq patsha elshisi oljalaghan mýlikti jәne Tezekti qaytaryp berudi talap etti. Ótinish qabyldanbady. Búghan riza bolghan Tezek, óz jaqtastaushylarymen qayta Taldyqorghan ólkesine baryp, ondaghy qazaq rularynyng kómegimen ekinshi Sibir atty әskerining jylqysyn týgel aidap ketti. Búghan ashulanghan Qapal, Lepsi bekinisterining basshylary úighyrlargha eki otryad jiberdi. Birinshi otryad Borotola ózenining boyyndaghy jaylaumen Sayram kólding manayyndaghy eldi tonap, 15 myng qoy men 300 jylqyny oljalap qaytty. Ekinshi otryad 5 myng qoydy oljalap qaytqanda Ile súltanatynyng sarbazdaryna jolyghyp kóp shyghyngha úshyrady. Taghy da sol patsha ókilderining mәlimetteri boyynsha imperiya praporshiygi Tazabek Busurmanov esaul Gerasimovtyng otryadyna shabuyl jasap, olja alalmay ózin jaqtaghan 1000 juyq adammen Qúlja ólkesine qashady. Qúlja ónirinde Tazabek úighyr aqyny Bilal Nazymgha (Bilal 1899 j. qazirgi Jarkent qalasynda ómirden ótken) aitqany:
«Men Merke auylynyng jigitimin, Resey әskerinde poruchik bolyp qyzmet istegem. Bayserke uezining bolysy (qazirgi Ile audany – K. M.) óz jaqtastarymen Qúljagha ketkende, әsker basshylary meni aiyptap, abaqtygha qamady. Men odan qashyp shyghyp, mynnan asa tuystarymdy (alban, suan, qyzay ru ókilderin – K. M.) kóterip Qúljagha bet aldym. Sonymnan bir vzvod әsker shyghyp menimen atysty».
Qúljagha kelgen imperiya elshisi Ile ókilining súltany Alәhan tóre Abiloglydan Tazabekpen onyng adamdaryn 03.05. 1871 jylgha deyin qaytaryp berudi qatang talap etip, bolmasa isting jamangha ainalatyndyghyn eskertti. Aq patshanyng qolyna týsse óz bauyrlarynyng ne bolatyndyghyn bilgen Alәhan tóre  imperiyanyng talabyn qabyldamaydy.
Músylman halyqtarynyng kýsh biriktirip Sin (Qytay) imperiyasynan azattyq alu ghana emes, Reseyding de yqpalynan shyghuyn bayqaghan Týrkisten generaly – gubernatory K. P. Kaufman dereu Sankt-Peterburgke tómengi mәlimetti joldady. «... Po moemu kraynemu ubejdenii, nastoyashee polojenie del na graniyse uje neterpimo... My teperi doljny kak dlya polizy nashih sredneaziatskih vladeniy tak y v osobennosty dlya vosstanovleniya upavshih nashey torgovly s Zapadnym Kitaem, pomochi Kitai...» dese, Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Hurshov «... Jelatelino bylo by pomochi Sinam (Kitai – K. M.) v ih popytkah vosstanoviti poryadok v Vostochnom Turkestane...». Ártýrli mәlimetterdi alghan Rossiya jogharghy ýkimet basshylary 1871 jyly sәuirding 20-shy júldyzynda, imperator Aleksandr II qatynasuymenen Resey әskery (qorghanys) ministri D. A. Milutinning bayandamasy tyndaldy. Ony talqylaugha, әsker basshylary men general-gubernatorlar qatynasqan bolatyn, olar imperatordan Shyghys Týrkistan jerine әskery joryq jasaudy súrady. Jinalystyng sheshimi tarihshy B. P. Gurevichting Istoriya «Iliyskogo voprosa y ee kitayskie falsifikatory» (M., Nauka, 1982 j.) kitabynda tómendegidey ótedi.
«...Priybegnuti k voorujennomu dviyjenii... na pervoe vremya zanyati g.g. Urumchy y Kulidju...»
Sin imperiyasy ózining soghysqa dayyn emestigin bildirip, Reseyding tek Ile súltanatynyng tәuelsizdigin jongyna rizashylyghyn berdi. Mamyr aiynyng basynda jaqsy qúraldarmen qarulanghan, әskery taktikasy  jetik, shekara podpolkovniygi Jdan – Pushkin óz otryadymen Chalkóde tegistigimen órlep (qazirgi Rayymbek audany – K. M.), Ketpen tauynan asyp, Tazabekpen onyng jaqtaushylary alban, suan rularymen úighyr auyldaryn oirandaugha bet aldy. Biraq Ketpen tauynda súltanattyng sarbazdaryna tap bolyp, soghyspay kómek kýtti. Kóp úzamay olargha polkovnik Elinskiyding otryady qosylyp, birikken kýsh Ketpen asuyn alugha úmtyldy. Alty saghatqa sozylghan qaqtyghys, orys әskerining sheginuine alyp keldi. Búl sheginis súltanat sarbazdarynyng jigerin kóterip, olar qorghanys shebinen shabuylgha shyqty. Qúraly kýshti orys әskeri jazyqta súltanattyng birsypyra әskerin jayratyp saldy, onyng ýstine polkovnik Mihaylovskiyding qalyng qoly kelip,imperiya әskeri súltanattyng sarbazdaryn keri quyp, 28.05.71 jyly Ketpen auylyn basyp aldy.
Ile ózenining ong jaghynda 10 myngha juyq imperiya әskerining aldyn bógeuge súltanattyng birsypyra qúraldarymen adamy júmyldyrylghan bolatyn. Búny paydalanghan Kolpakovskiy Barahudzir auylynda (qazirgi Panfilov audanyndaghy Kóktal selosy) negizgi kýshin shoghyrlandyryp qysqasha sóz sóilep, Ile súltanatynyng halqyna arnalghan ýndeuine qol qoydy. Búl ýndeude: Resey memleketining jerinde eldi tonap, maldaryn oljalap, shekarany búzyp, Qúljagha qashqan qylmyskerlerdi jazalau ýshin jәne de sol qylmyskerlerge pana bolghan Alәhan tóre onyng atqosshylaryn jauapqa tartatyndyghyn tilge tiyek etip Qúljagha әsker bastap kiretindigin jariyalady. Ol qarapayym halyqqa tynyshtyq pen әdilettikti úsynyp, kedey men sharuagha qysym kórsetpeytindigin bildirip, olardyng orys әskerine qarsylyq kórsetpeuin ótindi.
12.06.1871 j. Resey armiyasy Barahudzirden Qúljagha bet aldy, olardyng aldyn bógegen súltannyng sarzbardary sheginip, Abdrahman bekting basshylyghynda, Sýiding qalasynyng manynda sheshushi soghysqa dayyndaldy. 21.06.71 jyly Abdrahmannyng atty әskeri shabuylgha shyqty. Olardy pushkining snaryadymen myltyqtyng oghynyng astyna alghan imperiya әskeri sarbazdardyng betin qaytaryp, olardyng jan-jaqqa bytyray qashyrdy. Qarudyng basymdylyghy, el-júrttyng (qarapayym halyqtyn) narazylyghy Alәhan tórege bitim jasaugha mәjbýrledi. Alәhan tóre 22.06.71j. Kolpakovskiymen kezdesip, soghysty toqtatyp oghan Qúlja qamalynyng kiltin berdi. Tamyz aiynda Kolpakovskiy Ile súltanatynyng joyylghanyn mәlimdep, Alә Abiloghlyn otbasymen jaqtaushylaryn qosa Vernyy qalasynyng soltýstik batysyna ornalastyryp, olardy arnauly baqylaugha aldy. Búl jer keyin Súltanqorghan auyly atandy.
Siyn-Manichjuriya imperiyasy Resey әskerining Qúljagha kirgenin aiyptap, arnauly әskermenen óz ókili Jun Szundi attandyrdy. Ol general Bogoslovskiymen Sergiopoli qamalynda kelissóz jýrgizip Resey әskerining Ile súltanatynyng nemese búrynghy Sin imperiyasynyng jerinen shyghyp ketuin talap etti. Bogoslovskiy óz pikirin úsynyp, Ile ólkesinen ketpeytindigin bildirdi. Búl pikir Resey men Sin imperiyasynyng qarym-qatynasyna syzat týsirdi. Manichjurlar Reseyding sauda keruenderin Ýrimshige jibermeuge tyrysyp, 1872 jyly Ýrimshige bara jatqan keruendi Kuytun auylynyng manynda tonap, onyng 45 adamyn óltirdi. Keruenderdi tonau, adamdaryn óltiru 1874, 75, 76 jyldary da oryn aldy. Pekindegi Resey elshisining Sin memleketining imperatoryna qoyghan talaby da eskerusiz qaldy.
Jana shekara jóninde kelissózder bastalyp, әr jaq óz mýddesin qorghaugha tyrysty. Birneshe uaqytqa sozylghan búl kelissóz Sankt-Peterburg bitimshartyna qol qonmen ayaqtaldy.
«Bólip al da biyley ber»  sayasatyn  ústanghan  patsha ýkimeti Ile ólkesining birsypyra jerin ózine qaratyp, oghan qosymsha Qúljagha kirip Ile súltanatynyng tәuelsizdigin jonggha ketken Reseyding 9 million aqshasyn – metalicheskiy rublidi Sin imperiyasynan qaytaryp berudi talap etti. Qytay búl aqshany funt sterlingmen qaytarugha mindetteme aldy. Sóitip, qazaq bauyrlaryna qol úshyn bergen úighyrlar endi óz jerin, jinaghan dýniyesin Sin imperiyasy men Aq patshagha berip, tughan-tuystarynan aiyryldy. Elde tolqu bastaldy. Búny bayqaghan Aq patshanyng qyzmetkerleri jergilikti halyqtyng belsendilerine sýiene otyryp, ýgit-nasihat júmysyn keng týrde qolgha aldy. Olar úighyr, qazaq, ókilderine Resey jerine kóshinder, ol jerge baryp, kelisim boyynsha Reseyge ótken tuystarynmenen aralasugha bolady. Tyng jerlerdi iygerip, Týrkistan gubernatorlyghyna astyq, kók-ónis, mal ónimderin tapsyrugha shaqyrdy.
Resey imperiyasynyng senimdi adamdarynyng biri Jarkent ónirining әkimi Valibay Yuldashev edi. Ol eldi kóshirumen qatar, olardyng әl-auqatyn kóterip, sauattylyghyn ashugha belsene qatysty. Yuldashev 1886 jyldan bastap, Jarkentten shalghay ornalasqan auyldarda mektepter ashyp, ondaghy әr últ ókilderining balalaryn oqytyp, olargha oryssha ýiretudi qolgha aldy. Keyinirek, ol kóne Jarkent qalashyghyn búzyp, onyng ornyna qazirgi zamangha say, ortalyq medresesi bar ýlken meshit saldyrdy. Qazir ol meshit Jarkent qalasynyng muzeyi bolyp atalynady. Velibaydyng Jarkent ónirindegi júmysy: elding әl-auqatynyng kóterilui, mәdeniyeti men sauattylyqtyng ósui, últ jәne de ru ókilderining arasyndaghy tatulyqpen birlik, ony 1892 jyly «Dala ualayatynyn», qazirgi Qazaqstan jerining gubernatorynyng qabyldauyna sebebker bolady. Gubernator Yuldashevtyng júmysyn joghary baghalap, ony Resey imperatory Nikolay II kezdesuge joldama beredi. Yuldashevty qabyldaghan imperator ony qúrmetti orden, medalidarmenen marapattap, oghan «Reseyding ardaqty azamaty» jәne «Jogharghy mәrtebeli sauda ókili» ataghyn beredi.
Úighyr, qazaq birliginde 1916 jyly Qarqarada (qazirgi Rayymbek audany) bolghan últ-azattyq qozghalysty aitpay ketuge bolmaydy. Qazaqtan shyqqan – Janabay, úighyrdan – Toqniyaz ainalasyna birneshe myng adam jinap, kýsh biriktirip, aq patsha ýkimetine qarsy shyghady. Amal qansha, qúraldyng әlsizdiginen jenilis tauyp, patsha әskerining qolyna týsedi. Qarakól týrmesinde, polkovnik Ivanovtyng súraghyna olar: Úighyr, qazaq halqy qúl bolugha tumaghan. Olarda da aqyl-oy, ar-namys bar, olarda da basqalar siyaqty әdildikti, erkindikti ansaydy. Biz sol joldy tandap aldyq, ólsek armanymyz joq» deyd». Eki batyr da Aq patsha jendetterining qolynan qaza boldy.
Mektepte oqyp, orysshany jetik bilgen 20 jastaghy Abdulla Rozybakiyev 1917 jyly «Músylman jastary odaghynyn» jetekshisi bolyp, T. Rysqúlov, A Baytúrsynov, A.Jangelidiyn, taghy basqa qazaq ziyalylarymen birge Resey bolishevikterining qúramynda Qazaq Sovet avtonomiyalyq Respublikasyn qúrugha bar kýsh jigerin  salady. 1921 jyly ol Jetisu oblysynyng hatshysy jәne de oblystaghy «Qosshy» kedey-sharua úiymynyng tóraghasy bolyp saylanady. 1929-33 jyldary A. Rozybakiyev Qyzylorda oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy, sodan song Qazaqstan avtonom odaqtyq Respublikanyng halyq komissary qyzmetin atqarady.
A. Rozybakiyev, I. Tairov, Ya. Isiyev, taghy basqa ziyalylar oblystyq partiya,  Kenes oryndarynda qyzmet istep Qazaqstannyng damyp, ósip-órkendeuine ýles qosqan birinshilerding qatarynda oryn alsa, auyl sharuashylyghyn kóterip, elding әl-auqatyn jaqsartugha H. Abdrahmanov, A. Ishakov, M. Nasyrov, O. Bilalov taghy basqalar eren enbegin sindirdi.
Shynjanda 1945 jyly últ-azattyq qozghalystar bastalyp, ólkening birsypyra jeri qytaydyng biyliginen shyqty. Úighyrlar tuysqan bauyrlardyng tilimen mәdeniyetin órkendetuge, jas mamandardy dayyndaugha Ile-qazaq, Qyzylsu– Qyrghyz, Borotolla-monghol taghy da basqa okrugter qúrdy. Búl jerde qazir 76 últ ókilderi túrady, solardyng ishinen qazaq tilinde 10 gazet shyqsa, Ýrumshiyden 24 saghat telearna qazaq tilinde jýredi.
Qazaqstan emes, býkil Kenes Odaghyna qaterli qauip tughyzghan nemis basqynshylaryna qazaq bauyrlarymen birge úighyr azamattary da qan maydangha attanyp, úly jeniske ózderining ýlesin qosty. Kóbi maydannan qaytpady, úighyrlar M.Yakupov, D. Babadjanov, S Lutpullaevta Kenes Odaghynyng batyry ataghyna ie bolsa, M.Teyipov 1995 jyly Elbasynyng qolynan Qazaqstan «Halyq qaharmany» ordenin aldy.
Kenes Odaghynyng ishki-syrtqy sayasatyn jaqsy týsingen, Qazaqstan kompartiyasynyng túnghysh birinshi hatshysy Júmabay Shayahmetov, úighyr mәdeniyetin damytugha kadrlerin dayyndaugha Qazaqstan qúramynda Úighyr avtonom oblysyn qúru jóninde Mәskeudegi Kenes ýkimetining hatshysy N. S. Potolichevke 1947 jyldyng aqpanynda hat jazady. Keyinirek ol búl mәseleni taghy da kóterip, avtonom oblys qúru tek úighyr ýshin emes, ol býkil bauyrlas músylman halyqtary ýshin kerektigin dәleldep, 1947 jyldyng 29 mausymynda Mәskeudegi Kenes ýkimetining hatshysy A.A.Jdanovqa hat joldaydy. «Bólip al da biyley ber» sayasatyn jaqsy ústaghan Kenes basshylary Júmakening kótergen mәselesin oryndamay, ony 1954 jyly qyzmetten ketirdi.
Ózderiniz bayqaghan bolarsyzdar, qazaqqa týrki halyqtarynyng ishinde eng jaqyny úighyrlar, ony ghasyrlar boyy jinalghan tarihy derekter dәleldeydi. Búl tuystyqty talay ziyalylar aityp ta, jazyp ta ketken. Qajet bolsa men ony kelesi maqalamda jariyalayyn. Osyny bile túra, býgingi tanda Elbasynyn, Ýkimetimizdin, Qazaqstan Halqy Assambleyasynyng el birligine arnalghan sheshimin búrmalau nemese oryndamaugha talpynu, tyrnaq astynan kir izdeu, el ishinde iritki salu,  mening týsinigimde ata-baba, aruaqtardy syilamau bolyp tanylady.

Qasym MÁSIMIY   
«Qazaqstan Zaman» gazeti 5 mausym 2009 jyl