Biyl QR Qorghanys salasynyng qúrylghanyna 25 jyl tolyp otyr.  Elbasymyzdyng sarbadal sayasatynyng nәtiyjesinde tosyn oqighalargha tap bolmaghanymen osynou shiyrek ghasyr sheginde qazaq әskerining tótenshe jayttargha dayyndyghy әr kýn sayyn kemldenu ýstinde. Al, búnday kemeldenuding tamyry tym terende jatsa kerek.

Salt atpen saltanat qúrghan aibyndy el

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan - keshegi zamanda tórtkil dýniyeni titiretken, salt atty әskery órkeniyetimen saltanat qúrghan aibyndy kóshpelilerding zandy úrpaghy. Euraziyanyng Úly dalasyn túlpar túyaghymen dýbirletken bahadýr babala­ry­myzdyng soghys tәjiriybesi men zandaryn әlem elderining qaruly kýshteri qabyldap, әskery jýiesin jasaqtaghany - biz ýshin zor maqtanysh. Sondyqtan Qaruly Kýshteri­mizding әskery ruhyn shyndauda danqty әskery tarihymyz jauyngerlik dәstýrimizding ónegesi men tәlim-tәrbiyesi ólsheusiz ról atqarady.

Kóshpelilerding әskery órkeniyeti

Kóshpelilerge tәn әskery jasaqtaudyng ondyq jýiesi ondaghan ghasyrlar boyy ózining ómirshendigin dәleldedi. Dýniyejýzining kóptegen elderi óz jarghylaryn dalalyqtar jasap bergen әskery jýie men zandargha, soghys jýrgizu tәsilderine, qolbasshylyq mektepterge sýienip qúrdy. Saq, ghún, týrki taypalarynan keyin Shynghys hannyng «Úly jasaq» zandar jinaghy boyynsha qatang әskery reforma jasalyp, onda újymdyq jauapkershilik, antqa adal bolu, opasyzdyq jasamau, búiryqty sózsiz oryndau, qashyp ketken jauynger ýshin basshysynyng basy alynatyn temirdey tәrtip, myzghymas әskery iyerarhiya ornatty. Shynghys hannyng qatardaghy úlanynyn  dәrejesi basqa qosyn qolbasshylarynan ýstem boldy. Árbir úl jastayynan jauyngerlik ónerge mashyq­tandy. Kóshpelilerding әskery qúrylymy ýshtik jýiemen: ong qanat, sol qanat jәne ortalyq bolyp bólinip, әsker qosyndary ondyqtardan, jýzdikterden, myndyqtar­dan, týmenderden qúraldy.

Kóshpelilerding әskery ónerining spesiy­fiy­kalyq ereksheligi - әskeri-anshylyq taktika edi. Bahadýr babalarymyz jaugha qarsy «Ýlken jaryq soghysy», «Oshaq soghysy», «Ay qoralandy soghysy», «Qúiryq jeu soghysy», «Úry soghysy» siyaqty әskery taktikalardy qapysyz qoldandy. Alys joryqtargha eki-ýsh atty qosarlap minetin qazaq sarbazdary bes qaruyn saylap, sauyt kiyindi. «Er qaruy - bes qaru» demekshi, bú­ghan sadaq, qylysh, nayza, aibalta, kýrzi ja­ta­dy. Kóshpeli halyqtarda aiqastar kóbine batyrlar jekpe-jegimen bastalatyn. Qalmaqtarmen soghysta jekpe-jekter birneshe kýnge, tipti aigha deyin sozylatyn. Jekpe-jek - әskery ónerdegi jauyngerler­ding jetistikterin aiqyndaytyn batyrlar aiqasynyng tóresi.

Qazaq qoghamyndaghy batyrlar instituty

Batyrlar - dәstýrli qazaq qoghamynda bolghan erekshe әleumettik top, qaharmandyq - batyrlargha tәn qasiyetter men ómir salty. Qazaq batyrlary Europanyng rysarilary, japonnyng samuraylary, ýndining kshatriy­leri sekildi ózindik sosloviyeni qúrady. Qazaq batyrlarynyng ózindik qoghamdyq qyzmeti, japon samuraylarynyng «Busido» kodeksi sekildi batyrlyq etikasy bolghan.

Qazaq qoghamyndaghy batyrlardyng institusionalizasiyalanuy olardyng tek qana jeke batyr retinde ghana emes, bi, she­shen, jyrau, úlys, ru biyleushisi retindegi funksiyalardy bir qolgha jinaqtauynan kelip tuyndaghan. Zertteushi Qaliolla Ah­met­jan batyrlar institutyn tómendegidey taldap beredi. 1) Tek әskery kәsippen aina­lysu. Batyrlar eldi basqynshylardan qútqarudy, jau qolynan qaza tapqan ata-baba kegin qaytarudy ómirlik maqsat tútynghan. 2) Batyrlar әuletinde tughan bala jastayynan әskery kәsippen ainalysugha mindetti boldy. Túqym qualaghan batyrlar «shynjyrly túqym» dep atalghan. Batyrlyq jyrlardaghy Er Qosay, Edige, Er Targhyn, HVIII-HIH ghasyrlardaghy Rayymbek, Qaban­bay, Bógenbay, Nauryzbay batyrlar, últ-azattyq kóterilisterding kósemderi Isatay, Janqoja, Amangeldi batyrlar bәri de ata-babasynan úrpaghyna deyin batyr bolghan­dar. Ata kәsipting batyrlar әuletinde úrpa­ghyna jalghasuyn «shynjyry ýzilmeu» dep ataghan. Batyrlar úrpaghy ýshin ata kәsibin jalghastyrmau - masqaralyq sanaldy. Áskery әuletten bolghandyqtan batyrlar alghashqy erlik jolyn kóbine soghysta ólgen әkesinin, tuysynyng kegin aludan bastaghan. Áke kegin qumau - batyr ýshin úyat. Artynda úl bolmasa, kek alu qyzyna da mindet bolghan. Batyrlar ata kegin quudy keng úghymda, jal­py halyqtyn, elding kegin quu maghynasynda da týsingen. 3) Kóshpeli halyq­tarda handar, әmirshiler, el biyleu­shiler batyrlar әule­tinen shyqqan, osy qoghamdyq toptyng ókili bolghan. Shynghys han, Ámir Temir, Edige, Ma­may, Abylay, Kenesary, t.b. batyr bolghan jәne batyrlar әuletinen shyqqan. Olar ózderining júrttan asqan erligining arqasynda biyleushilik dәrejege kóterilgen: 4) Batyr­lar menshik iyeleri bolghan. Olardyng menshigine qalalar, eldi mekender, úlystar, aimaqtar qaraghan. Biraq batyrlardyng bәri birdey baylyq iyesi bolmaghanyn da aita ketu kerek. 5) Elding syrtqy qauipsizdigi men ishki túraqtylyghyna qyzmet etken. 6) Eldik, memlekettik biylikti qoldaryna ústaghan. Mәselen, batyrlar memleketting ishki, syrt­qy sayasatyn anyqtau­gha aralasyp, týrli memleketaralyq qaty­nas­targha qatynasyp, elshilikke jýrip, han janyndaghy әskery kenes mýsheleri, týrli memlekettik lauazym iyeleri boldy. Qazaq handyghy men Orys patshalyghynyng ara qatynasyna baylanysty arhivtik qújat­tarda ru basshylary retinde kóptegen batyr­lardyng attary atalyp, qoldary qoyy­lyp, mórleri basylghan. 7) Han­dyq biylikpen tyghyz baylanysty. My­saly, әr hannyng esimimen birge onyng aina­lasyndaghy batyrlardyng esimderi qosa aitylady. Esim hanmen onyng belgili batyr­lary Qonyrat Alatau batyr, Dulat Jaqsú­ghúl batyr, Janay batyr, Qarasay batyrdy aitsaq, Abylay hanmen Bógenbay, Qaban­bay, Jәnibek, Malaysary, Bayan batyrlar esimderi bayla­nysty, Kene han esimimen Aghy­bay, Nauryz­bay, Búghybay, Iman batyr esimderin eske alamyz. 8) Batyrlardyng ózderine tәn jauyn­­gerlik etikasy, adamgershilik erejesi, diny yrymdary men salttary, pirleri bolghan.

Qúbash Saghidollaúly

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