Hazar qaghanaty qalay jәne qayda ornady?
Ótken aptada Abai.kz aqparattyq portalynda Bekjan Ádenúlynyn "Hazarlar Kavkazgha qalay bardy?" atty maqalasyn jariyalaghan edik. Býgin sol maqalanyng jalghasyn oqyrman nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.
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Tarihshylar 626 jyly (VII ghasyrda) Tbilisy qalasyn jaulap alghan aziyattardy Batys Týrki qaghanaty әskeri dep tanidy. Yaghni, olardyng qazirgi Qazaqstannan barghanyn moyyndaydy (jalpaq bet, qysyq kóz adamdar ekeni de olardyng qazaq dalasynan barghanyna kuә). Ibn әl Asir sol Týrki qaghanaty әskerining VII ghasyrda Zakavkazieni jaulap alghanyn bylay bayandaydy: «Kogda je vosarilsya Hosroy, on postroil v okruge Sula y Djorajana mnogo postroek y ukreplennye zamki, kotorymy on ukrepil vsu stranu. Y napravilsya hakan Sindjibur v ego stranu. Eto byl velichayshiy iz turok y on privlek na svoi storonu hazar, abhazsev y balandjara y ony podchinilisi emu. Y vystupil on vo glave bolishogo chisla y napisal Hosroi, trebuya s nego podati y ugrojaya emu, esly on ne sdelaet. No Hosroy ne udovletvoril ny odnoy iz ego prosib, tak kak on ukrepil svoi stranu y ukrepil oblasti Arminiy tak, chto ona mogla dovolistvovatisya (dlya svoey zashity) nebolishim chislom (voinov). Y povernul hakan v svoY stranu, ne dostigshy svoey seli, tak kak on ne mog nichego sdelati...»
Osy derektegi Hosroy degen patsha – Hosroy Anushirvannyng nemeresi. Ol – 570-628 jyldar arasynda biylik etken Hosroy Parviz degen patsha. Resey ghalymdary bolsa, Hosroy Anushirvan men onyng nemeresi Hosroy Parvizding esimderi birdey ekenin paydalanyp, ekeuin bir adamday kórsetedi. Osylaysha týrki hany Sindjibur joryghyn Hosroy Anushirvan zamanynda bolghanday búrmalaydy. Olar esh dәlelsiz «Sindjibur han men Istemy qaghan – bir adam» dep tújyrymdap, Istemy qaghannyng eftalid elin (qazirgi Týrkimenstan aumaghyn) jaulap aluy men Sindjibur hannyng Zakavkazieni jaulap aluyn bir oqigha dep búrmalaydy. Alayda, Ibn әl Asir jazbasy shyndyqtyng tipti basqa ekenin dәleldeydi.
Jogharydaghy derekte týrki hany Sindjiburdyng әueli hazar, abhaz, balandjarlardy baghyndyrghany, sosyn Irangha jasaghan joryghy iske aspaghany, óitkeni Hosroydyng aldyn ala Armeniya aimaghyndaghy shekarasyn qorghandarmen kýsheytip qoyghany jazylghan. Ondaghy abhaz, hazar, balandjarlar men Iran shekarasy retinde Armeniya aimaghy kórsetilui oqighanyng Zakavkaziede bolghanyn aiqyn rastaydy. Sindjibur – Týrki qaghanatynyng ókili, al Týrki qaghanaty әskeri Zakavkaziege VII ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysynda ghana, naqtyraq aitsaq 626 jyly barghanyn tarihshylar moyyndaydy. Hosroy Anushirvan ol zamanda ómirde bolghan joq, 579 jyly qaytys bolghan. Demek, Sindjibur shabuyly zamanyndaghy Iran biyleushisi Hosroy Parviz ekeni anyq. Ibn әl Asir Sindjibur hannyng Zakavkazieni basyp alghanyn, sodan song Armeniya aimaghy arqyly Irangha joryq jasaugha tyrysqanyn anyq kórsetedi. Osy derekter qazirgi Týrkimenstan aumaghyn jaulap alghan Istemy qaghannyng Sindjibur han emestigin dәleldeydi.
Ibn әl Asir hazarlardy Sindjibur hannyng әskeri demeydi, kerisinshe Sindjiburdyng abhaz, balandjarlarmen birge, hazarlardy da baghyndyrghanyn aitady. Osy derek Sindjibur bizding daladan baryp Zakavkazieni basyp alghanda hazarlar sol aimaqta otyrghan jergilikti halyq ekenin aighaqtaydy. Hosroy Parvizding Armeniya aimaghynyng qorghanysyn kýsheytkeni Iran men Hazar qaghanaty shekarasy Armeniya aimaghynda ekenin taghy bayqatady.
Ol zamanda (620 jyldary) Týrki qaghanaty ekige ydyrap, Ashina dinastiyasy qazirgi Qazaqstan aimaghyndaghy biyliginen airylghanyn, bizding aimaqta Jujandyq súrbóras-shiybórash dinastiyasy On Aq Týtin qaghanatyn (Batys Týrki qaghanaty) ornatqanyn aldynghy maqalamyzda jazghanbyz. Sindjibur han – sol Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynyng ókili, qazaq dalasyndaghy biylikten airylghan song halyqtyng ózine baghynyshty bóligin ertip Kavkazgha ketken. Demek, VII ghasyrda qazaqtardy Zakavkaziege bastap barghan – Sindjibur han. Ol sol jerdegi hazar, abhaz, qúmyq, alan tәrizdi jergilikti halyqtardy baghyndyryp, óz memleketin ornatqan. Zakavkazede hazarlar basym bolghandyqtan jәne parsylar VI ghasyrdan ol jerdi «Hazarlar iyeligi» dep tanyghandyqtan, Sindjibur han ornatqan memleket Hazar qaghanaty bolyp tariyhqa engen.
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Bekjan Ádenúly
(Jalghasy bar)
Abai.kz