Manghystau oblysynyng әkimi,

sayasattanu ghylymdarynyng doktory

Q.Kósherbaevtyn

Sh.Esenov atyndaghy

Kaspiy Tehnologiyalar jәne Injiniring

uniyversiytetinde oqyghan leksiyasy

3 nauryz, 2011 jyl

Biz biyl tәu eter jalghyz kiyemiz - Qazaqstan Tәuelsizdigining 20 jyldyq mereytoyyn atap ótu ýstindemiz. Ondaghy oiymyz әste toy toylau emes. Ótken 20 jyldyng elimizge ne bergendigin oy eleginen ótkizu, keleshekti kemel etuding amaldaryn qarau bolsa kerek.

Ne isteldi degende, oigha oralatyn jetistikter kóp-aq. Tәuelsiz memleketke tәn barlyq nyshandardy týgendep, azat elder arasyndaghy bayraqty bәsekege qosyldyq. Biraq,  bәske tigilgeni - kópshilik oilaytynday, birinshilik bayraghy emes, azattyqtyng ózi ekendigin jastarymyz bile me eken?!

Manghystau oblysynyng әkimi,

sayasattanu ghylymdarynyng doktory

Q.Kósherbaevtyn

Sh.Esenov atyndaghy

Kaspiy Tehnologiyalar jәne Injiniring

uniyversiytetinde oqyghan leksiyasy

3 nauryz, 2011 jyl

Biz biyl tәu eter jalghyz kiyemiz - Qazaqstan Tәuelsizdigining 20 jyldyq mereytoyyn atap ótu ýstindemiz. Ondaghy oiymyz әste toy toylau emes. Ótken 20 jyldyng elimizge ne bergendigin oy eleginen ótkizu, keleshekti kemel etuding amaldaryn qarau bolsa kerek.

Ne isteldi degende, oigha oralatyn jetistikter kóp-aq. Tәuelsiz memleketke tәn barlyq nyshandardy týgendep, azat elder arasyndaghy bayraqty bәsekege qosyldyq. Biraq,  bәske tigilgeni - kópshilik oilaytynday, birinshilik bayraghy emes, azattyqtyng ózi ekendigin jastarymyz bile me eken?!

Tәuelsizdikting bolashaghy jastargha baylanysty degen jalang úran emes, olardyng naq osy shaqtaghy kýndelikti qam-qareketin, dýniyege degen kózqarasyn somdaytyn ústanymgha ainaluy shart. Ashyq bolu, biraq ainalagha syn kózben qarap ýirenu, barlyghyn da sanaly últjandyq, sezimtal otanshyldyq sýzgisinen ótkize bilu - jastargha paryz. Ár sәtte «oqyghan-bilgenimdi Elimning kәdesine qalay jaratam» degen oy kókeyde túrsa, jasampazdyq ózi aq boygha ýiir bolmaydy ma?!

Elbasy bastaghan agha úrpaq óz zamanynyng tetikterin týgel qosyp, әlemdik bәsekede eshkimge des bermey, aldynghy elu elding qataryna kiruge kýsh salyp keledi. Songhy bir jyldyng ishindegi tabystardyng ózi-aq bizdi algha qaray aitarlyqtay ilgerletkenine eshkim dau aita almas. Evropadaghy Qauipsizdik pen Yqpaldastyq Úiymyndaghy tóraghalyq pen Astanda ótken sammit qorytyndylary, VII-qysqy Aziya oiyndary men ondaghy jenisimiz, biylghy Islam Konferensiyasy Úiymyndaghy jetekshilik - osynyng barlyghy da danqqúmarlyqtan emes, Tәuelsizdikti nyghaytu mýddesinen shyqqan kәduilgi halyqaralyq sayasat tehnologiyalaryn (tәsilderin) iske qosudyng jetistikteri.

Alayda, zaman tez ózgerip keledi, uaqyt ótken sayyn múnday tәsilderding ornyn innovasiyalar, ózimizding ghana emes, ózge elding halqyna tartymdy bolar tehnikalyq búiymdar shygharu jәne tehnologiyalyq janalyqtar jasau mýmkindigi basyp keledi. Aqparattyq salada qalys qalyp, innovasiyalarda kenje jýretin halyqtar keleshekte tehnologiyalyq bodandyqqa týsip, jappay birkelkilikting tasqynymen shayylyp kete bermek. Ol ýrdis qaru nemese aqshanyng kýshimen emes, sanany baghyndyru, erikti syndyrugha dittelgen aqparat tasqyny arqyly iske asady. Ghalamdyq aqparat qúraldary arqyly taratylatyn, sonyng ishinde internet arqyly alynatyn mәtin men oiyn, muzyka men viydeo, obrazdary (túlghalary) nasihattalatyn sahna jәne kino júldyzdary da keyde tikeley, keyde janama týrde osy maqsatqa júmys isteytindigi janalyq emes. Áriyne, múnyng barlyghyna tyiym salu qajet deuden aulaqpyn. Kerisinshe, tilin ýirenu, tәsilin iygeru arqyly artyqshylyqtaryn óz paydamyzgha asyra bilu qajet.

Mamandardyng pikirinshe, qazir dýnie jýzi jana ekonomikalyq serpilis tabaldyryghynyng aldynda túr. Investisiyalyq belsendilik artyp keledi, ekonomika qyzghan sayyn quat kózderining baghasy kóterilude. Bir barreli múnaydyng baghasy 120 dollargha qayta jaqyndady. Osylaysha, búghan deyingi kezenderde әldeqayda úzaq uaqytqa sozylyp, ekonomikanyng odan aiyghyp shyghuyna da kóp uaqyt talap etken qarjylyq daghdarys qysqa merzimde enserildi.

Ekonomikamen birge әlemdik sayasattaghy ahualdyng ózgeru jyldamdyghy da әldeqayda shapshandady. Jahandanudyng jýrisi búrynghydan da jyldamday týsti. Adam ómirining barlyq salasyndaghy birtektilikting kýsheyyi sayasy jәne qoghamdyq ýrdisterding de negizgi sipatyna ainaldy. Jana zamandaghy aqparattyq revolusiyanyng jemisi bolyp kelgen internet - birizdi sayasy jәne mәdeny qúndylyqtardy jahangha taratudyng negizgi arnasy bolyp shyqty. "Facebook" jәne "Twitter" sekildi din men dil talghamaytyn әleumettik qauymdastyqtar qanatynyng astyna jýz milliondaghan adam jinaghan, dýnie jýzilik sayasy jәne qoghamdyq prosessti baghyttaudan dәmeli jana kýshter payda boldy. Osy kýnderi Soltýstik Afrika men Tayau Shyghystaghy sayasy rejimderdi birinen keyin birin tónkerip kele jatqan revolusiyalar qatary osynyng aighaghy.

Óte qysqa uaqytta adamnyng ómir saltyn tanymastay etip týrlendirip, kýrdeli әleumettik prosessterding jyldamdyghyn ýdetken aqparattyq tehnologiyalar - býgingi kýnning eng kóp aitylatyn, asa tartysty, sóite túra anyq-qanyghy az taqyryptardyng biri. Biz internetti damytu, ony әr ýige jetkizu mәselelerine songhy jyldary ghana tiyisti kónil bóle bastadyq. Biraq, onyng tabighaty men damu problemalary, jeke adam men qogham keleshegine tiygizer әseri turaly әli oilana qoyghan joqpyz. Alayda, qazirgi zamanghy aqparattyq tehnologiyalar eng әueli әleumettik fenomen retinde qarastyrylghany jәne sol túrghydan zerttelgeni abzal dep bilemin.

Qauip-qaterlerine jas úrpaq jauap izdeytin tәuekeli tolaghay jana zamannyng súlbasy endi ghana keskindelip keledi. Internetting taralu auqymy keneygen sayyn onyng qogham men memleketti qayta qúru qauqary da artuda. Orta eseppen qazirgi tanda adamzattyng ýshten biri online-damyz dep kesip aita alady. Geografiyalyq aimaqtargha bólip qarasa, aldynghy sheptegi Evropanyng qamtyluy 65 payyz tónireginde, 100 payyz qamtylghan elder biren-saran. Týrli esep boyynsha, Qazaqstannyng qamtyluy 30-35 payyz aralyghynda. Qazirgi qarqynmen ósetin bolsa, aldaghy 10 jyldyng ishinde jer beti internetpen tolyq qamtylmaqshy. Biraq aqparattyq tordyng qazirgi tarau dәrejesining ózi jer sharyn júdyryqtay etip, qogham men adam ómirindegi qauyrt ózgeristerge sebepshi boldy.

90-shy jyldardyng ortasynda internet ómirimizge endi ghana kelip, qoghamgha iykemdele bastaghan shaqta onyng keleshegine kýmәn aitqandar kóp edi. Alayda, ainaldyrghan 10 shaqty jyldyng ishinde internet tek baylanys qúraly ghana emes, ómir saltynyng ajyramas nyshanyna ainaldy. Onyng medianyng damuyndaghy, biznes, ghylym men sayasattaghy, taghysyn taghydaghy qúdiretine endi eshkimning dauy joq. Qayta, "biz osyghan tym tәueldi bolyp bara jatqan joqpyz ba?" - dep alandaushylar qatary kóbeyip keledi. Býgingi internet - iskerlik alys-beristing quatty ýdetkishi, aqparattyng negizgi aspaby, bilim men ghylymnyng basty qúraly jәne biylik ýshin kýres pen sayasy teke-tiresting aldynghy shep maydany.

Internet tanu jana ghylym, osy taqyrypta qisyndy sóz aityp, qalam tartqandar әlem júrty auyzyna qaraghan jana sәuegeyler. Olargha qoyylatyn negizgi súraq - internet jeke adam, qogham jәne memleketting keleshegin qalay týrlendiredi?

Olardyng aituynsha, internetting dýniyeni shyn mәninde ózgertetin sharyqtau shegi әli alda. Ol ózining baspa, radio, telefon, kino men televiydenie sekildi revolusiyalyq tehnolgiyalar ligasyna kiruge layyqty ekendigin endi ghana dәleldedi. Internetting arqasynda búqaragha sóz jetkizu adamzat tarihynda qazirgidey onay bolyp kórgen emes, sonymen birge adamdy sózge sendiru, sanasyna sanlau tabu múnday qiyn bolyp kórgen joq.

Telefon kommunikasiya qúraly retinde jekelegen adamdardy bir-birimen baylanystyrdy. Baspa, radio, kino men televiydenie aqparatty bir ortalyqtan kópshilikke taratugha mýmkindik berdi. Internet bolsa, jeke men jekeni, jeke men kópshilikti jәne eng bastysy, kópshilik pen kópshilikti baylanystyratyn әmbebap kommunikasiyalyq qúralgha ainaldy.

Búdan bylay adam kórgen-bilgenimen bólisu ýshin, "jariyalanu" ýshin eshkimge jalynyshty emes. Endi eng bedeldi aqparat kózi - oqigha ornynda bolghan qarapayym adam. Tehnologiya әr adamgha oqigha ornynan janalyq taratugha mýmkindik berdi.  Kórgen-bilgenin ortagha salghysy keletin adam men aqparatty tútynushy arasynda avtor, redaktor, korrektor, produsser, baspager, senzor sekildi deldaldar joq. Búdan bylay qogham tyndarman, kórermen jәne tútynushylardyng toby emes. Árqaysysymyz janalyq jasap, ony qas-qaghym sәtte milliondaghan adamgha tegin jetkizuge mýmkindik aldyq. Búl ózgeris kәsiby jurnalistika, dәstýrli baspasóz ben televiydeniyening jaghdayyn әsirese qatty shayqaltty. Aty dýnie jýzine әigili gazet-jurnaldardyng taralymy kýrt tómendep, birinen keyin biri jabyluda. Bir jaghynan búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng monopoliyasy әlsirep, kez-kelgen adam olargha bәsekeles bolatyn jaghday tudy. Ekinshi jaghynan aqparat pen jazba sózding sapasy, jalpy mәdeniyetting dengeyi qatty tómendep, kәsiby jurnalistika men әdebiytetting auqymy taryldy.

Sonymen birge internet adamdargha pikirlesterin tauyp, olarmen jaqyndasugha onay jol ashty. Ortaq mýdde tóniregende  birigu, múrattastar odaqtaryn qúru, top bolyp әreket etu iydeyalary múnday tartymdy, al ony iske asyru múnday onay bolghan emes. «Úiymsyz úiymdastyru» qaghidasyna negizdelgen online әleumettik qauymdastyqta birinshi men ekinshi, ýlken men kishi, bastyq pen baghynyshtylar joq. Yqpal men ýles ten. Osylaysha birikken qauymdastyqtar ekonomikalyq, sayasy jәne mәdeny qozghalystyng baghytyn ózbetinshe anyqtaudan dәmeli.

Adamzat onday qogham qúrugha dayyn ba?!

Osy tehnologiyany shygharghan Qúrama Shtattardyng ózinde «dayynbyz» dep kesip aitatyndar kóp emes. Internetting pәrmenimen preziydenttikke jetken Barak Obama da, qyzmetke kirise salysymen online belsendilikti kýrt azaytyp, "jana tәsilderden" boyyn alshaqtatty, uәde etken online salasyn liyberalizasiyalau baghdarlamasyn keyinge qaldyrdy. Oghan ne sebep? Obama saylaudy jenisimen «Shange.Gov» atty tranzittik internet joba jasady. Maqsat - ózin Aq ýige alyp kirgen, online-da otyrghan kópshilikting pikirin bilip, memlekettik biylikting kýn tәrtibin solarmen birlesip pishu edi. Alayda, múnday jolmen pishilgen kýn tәrtibindegi kýtpegen jerden birinshi mәsele bolyp - nyshaqorlyqty zandastyru bolyp shyqty ghoy?!

Degenmen de, amerikandyqtardyng әleumettik mediany sayasatqa әkelui mýlde sәtsiz boldy deuding de reti joq. Densaulyq saqtau, salyq salu sayasaty sekildi mәselelerde online qauymdastyq birtalay qúndy úsynystaryn ótkize aldy. Múnyng syrtynda Google jәne Facebook sekildi amerikandyq internet alpauyttar AQSh-tyng Memlekettik Departamenti, Ortalyq Barlau Agenttigi, FBR sekildi mekemelerimen qoyan-qoltyq júmys isteytin manyzdy sayasy instituttargha ainaldy. Al әleumettik torlarmen júmys isteu endi amerikandyq syrtqy sayasy strategiyanyng qúramdas bóligi.

Endi bireulerding pikirinshe, internetting býgingi kemeline kelui - ashyq qogham qúndylyqtarynyng jenisi-mis. Olar "jabyq" dep aidar taqqan Soltýstik Koreya, Qytay, Iran, birsypyra Arab memleketteri ghalamdyq online kompaniyalardyng qyzmetine shek qoyyp, online baylanysyn taratushy operatorlardy memleket qaramaghynan shygharmaugha bekindi. Oghan da negiz bar. Google, Facebook, Yahoo, Amazon, Apple siyaqty kompaniyalardyng internetti paydalanushylar turaly jinaqtaghan aqparat qory - eng dauly taqyryptardyng biri.

Búl kompaniyalar milliondaghan tútynushylary turaly olardyng qayda jәne kimmen túrady, qansha aqshasy bar, nemen shúghyldanady, ne nәrsege qyzyghady, keshe ne satyp aldy, erteng ne satyp aluy mýmkin, kimmen dos jәne kimmen qas degen súraqtargha egjey-tegjey jauap beretin mәlimetter jinaydy. Soghan negizdelip, ol adamdargha neni oqyghan, qaraghan jәne bilgen jón, ne satyp alu kerek, kimmen jaqyndasqan oryndy, qanday sayasy kózqaras dúrys, qaysysy búrys, aqyr ayaghynda saylauda kimge dauys berip, kimmen nekelesu kerektigi turaly kenester beredi. Búl jaghday jeke adam men qoghamnyng «kiyber qauipsizdigi» problemasyn tudyrdy.

Kiyber shekarada bekinis jasap, Soltýstik Koreya sekildi internetti «intranetke» ainaldyru, yaghny ony memleket ishinen jauyp alu mardymsyz shara ekeni ras. Basqasha qalay kýresemiz? Kýresu qajet pe? Últ pen memleketting kiyber qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu amaldary qanday?

Atalghan súraqtargha boylau ýshin әueli qazirgi internetting qalay júmys isteytindigin jәne adamdar ony ne ýshin paydalanatyndyghyn anyqtap alu kerek.

-         1995 jyly internetti 45 million adam paydalansa, 2010 jyly olardyng sany 2 milliardtan asyp jyghyldy. Boljam boyynsha, 2015 jyly paydalanushylardyng sany 4 milliardqa jaqyndaydy;

-         Internette shamamen 250 million web-site bar, әlemdegi kez-kelgen adam onyng potensialdy oqyrmany, kóremeni nemese tyndarmany;

-         1984 jyly internetteke shyghu mýmkindigi bar qúraldardyng sany bir mynnan aspaghan, 1992 jyly olardang sany 1 milliongha, al 2009 jyly 1 milliardqa jetti;

-         Radiogha 50 million auditoriya jinau ýshin 38 jyl qajet boldy, televiydenie sol auqymdaghy auditoriyagha jetu ýshin 13 jyl júmys istegen, internet ol auditoriyagha 4 jyldyng ishinde jetti. Facebook 50 million adamdy 2-aq jylda jinady;

-         Aqparattyq tehnologiyalar turaly bilim әrbir 2 jylda tolyq janarady. Osy mamandyq boyynsha bilim alatyn student 3-kursqa jetkenshe, alghan bilimining jartysy paydalanugha jaramaytyn bolyp eskiredi;

-         Ótken bir jyldyng ishinde internette janadan payda bolghan aqparattyng kólemi - adamzattyng osyghan deyingi 5 myng jylda jasap shygharghan aqparat kóleminen artyq;

-         18 jәne 29 jas aralyghyndaghy adamdardyng 93 payyzy, 30 jәne 49 jas aralyghyndaghy adamdardyng 81 payyzy, 50 jәne 64 jas aralyghyndaghy adamdardyng 70 payyzy internette. Búl dýnie jýzi boyynsha alynghan ortasha shamalar.

-         Kýn sayyn adamdar 250 milliardqa tarta e-mail, 240 milliard SPAM (jarnamalyq elektrondyq hattar) jiberedi;

-         2010-shy jyly internettegi kommersiyalyq ainalymnyng qúny 8 trillion AQSh dollarynan asty;

-         Atalghan mәlimetterdegi Qazaqstannyng ýlesi de kýn sanap ósip keledi. Týrli mәlimetter boyynsha, internetke kýndelikti kiretin qazaqtandyqtardyng sany býgin 5 million shamasynda, 2011 jyldyng ayaghyna deyin 6 milliongha jetedi degen boljam bar;

Paydalanushylar internetke ne ýshin kiretindigin týsinu ýshin әlemdik reytingtegi alghashqy 10 web-site-tyng qyzmetine zer salayyq.

Aqparattyng kólemi keleshekte búdan da joghary jyldamdyqpen arta bermek. Sonyng arasynan kerek mәlimetti tauyp alyp, ony paydalanugha ynghayly jaghday jasaytyn platformalar qazirgi internettegi eng joghary súranysqa ie qyzmet týri. Kelesi kezekte paydalanushylardyng ózara baylanys ornatuyna, aqparatty bir-birine jiberuge jaghday jasaytyn platformalar keledi. Songhy jyldary әsirese keng tarap, asa tez ósip kele jatqan qyzmet týri - "social network", yaghny әleumettik qauymdastyqtar. Paydalanushylardy kóp qyzyqtyratyn kelesi qyzmet týri - "blogging", yaghny jeke adamdardyng óz sayttaryn ashyp, aqparat taratu mýmkindigi. Búdan basqa foto jәne viydeo bólisu, mikroblog, yaghny internettegi SMS qyzmetteri tez damyp keledi. Nәtiyjesinde paydalanushylardyng qolymen jasalghan aqparat internetting negizgi mazmúnyna ainaldy. Múnyng barlyghy tegin kórsetiletin qyzmet týrleri. Internet kompaniyalardyng negizi tabys kózi - jarnama.

Alghashqy ondyqta gazet nemese televiydenie sekildi aqparat qúraldarynyng jәne online-dýkenderding joqtyghyna nazar audaru qajet. Eng joghary súranysqa ie qyzmet týrleri - sheksiz aqparattyq kenestikte kerekti mәlimet pen qajet adamdy tauyp, olarmen әrekettesuge mýmkindik beretin,  aqparattyq jәne әleumettik orta qalyptastyru platformalary. Internetting ózin de jahandyq platforma dep atau ainalymgha kirip keledi.

Platforma - adamnyng súranystaryn tolyq qamtu jәne meylinshe kóp adam jeke basynyng paydasy ýshin qoldana alatyn biznes-orta qalyptastyrudy bildiredi. Qazirgi aqparattyq platformalar tek mәlimet tauyp qana qoymay, aqparat izdep kelgen milliondaghan adamdar arasynda jarnama jasau arqyly tabys tabugha, kez-kelgen adamgha ózin ózi jәne iydeyalaryn nasihattaugha jaghday jasaydy. Ol platformalardyng tartymdylyghy da sonda.

Jalpy XXI ghasyr - jappay birkelkilikke bastaytyn platformalardyng zamany degen týsinik te bar. Oghan sәikes liyberaldy demokratiya - jahandyq sayasy platforma, naryq jýiesi men kәsipkerlik - dýnie jýzilik ekonomikalyq platforma, aghylshyn tili men latyn alfaviyti - әlemdik lingvistikalyq platforma, al "pop" mәdeniyet ghalamdyq mәdeny platforma bolmaqshy. Al internet osy platformalardy nasihattaudyng basty qúraly.

Osynday platformalardyng quaty turaly týsinik beru ýshin әlemdik reytingte top jaratyn birneshe internet-kompaniyagha kenirek toqtalsaq. 

GOOGLE (GUGL)

Negizi Stenford (AQSh) uniyversiytetining qabyrghasynda 1998 jyly qalanghan Google kompaniyasynyng qazirgi kapitalizasiyasy - 198 millirad AQSh dollary. Google-dyng aqparat izdeu jýiesi әrbir súranysqa jauap berer aldynda jer betindegi barlyq web-site-tardy sholyp shyghady. Oghan dýnie jýzin qamtityn bir millionnan asa server qatysady. Jauap 1 sekundqa jetpeyten aralyqta keledi. Dýnie jýzining basym bóligi, sonyng ishinde qazaqstandyqtar kóp paydalanatyn "Gmail", "Youtube" qyzmetterining iyesi de Google. Býgingi tanda kompaniya jer sharynyng әr búryshyn kórsete alatyn ghalamdyq viydeo karta jasau ýstinde. «GoogleBook» jobasy adam balasy osy uaqytqa deyin jazghan kez-kelgen kitaptyng elektrondy núsqasyn oqyrmangha kez-kelgen jerden ashyp qaraugha mýmkindik bermekshi. Adamzat osy uaqytqa deyin 134 million atau kitap shygharghan eken, qazir Google sonyng 10 millionyn jýiesine salyp ýlgergen. Búl Google-ding iske asyryp jatqan ondaghan ghalamdyq jobalarynyng bireui ghana.

FACEBOOK (FEYSBUK)

Byltyr shyghyp, biyl Oskar syilyghyn jenip alghan "Social Network" filimining arqasynda búl kompaniyanyng tarihymen kópshilik jaqsy tanys. Qyzmetin 2005 jyly ghana bastaghan "Facebook" qazir 600 million adamdy biriktiretin eng pәrmendi әleumettik qauymdastyq. Onyng ýshten biri ghana amerikandyqtar. Reziydentterining sany boyynsha kompaniyany Qytay men Ýndistannan keyingi ýshinshi iri memleket dep tanystyruy ýirenshikti bolyp keledi. 70 tilde júmys isteytin búl әleumettik platformanyng naryqtaghy qazirgi qúny 50 milliard AQSh dollary. Maqsattary - 1 trillion dollar kapitalizasiyagha qol jetkizu.

Wikipedia (Vikiypediya)

Alghashqy ondyqtyng qúramynda jeke emes, qoghamdyq menshiktegi jәne aqshalay payda kózdemeytin bir ghana sayt bar. Ol - Wikipedia. Adamzat turaly barlyq bilim qoryn ghalamdyq ensiklopediya retinde bir jerge jinaqtau bastamasy 2000-shy jyly kóterilgen. IYdeya (úsynys) myndaghan adamdardyng qoldauyn tauyp, solardyng qajyry men tegin enbegining arqasynda iske asuda. Býgingi tanda әlemning 271 tilinde júmys isteytin ensiklopediyadaghy maqalalar sany 18 millionnan asty. Qarapayym paydalanushylardyng birikken әreketining negizinde payda bolghan búl joba - internetting әleumettik fenomen retindegi kýshin aiqyndaytyn janalyq boldy.

Mamandar adamdardyng internettegi әrekettesuin 4 satygha bóledi. Birinshi saty - aqparat bólisu, ekinshisi - toptasu, ýshinshisi - talqylau, jәne tórtinshisi - birikken әreket. Wikipedia - beybit maqsatta jәne ortaq mýdde tónireginde toptasqan adamdardyng әlemdik dengeydegi alghashqy birikken әreketining mysaly. "Birikken әreket" qaghidasy ýlken toptardyn, sonyng ishinde últtar men memleketterding internetti óz mýddesi ýshin tiyimdi paydalanugha bolatyndyghyn rastady. Soltýstik Afrika men Tayau Shyghystaghy revolusiyalar da internet tughyzghan birikken әreketting jemisi deuge de negiz bar.

Tehnologiya retinde internet qyrghiy-qabaq soghystyng nәtiyjesinde payda bolghan. Kenes Odaghy gharyshqa birinshi bolyp shyqqannan keyin Qúrama Shtattar tehnologiyalyq zertteulerge qyruar qarajat salyp, әskeriy-óndiristik keshenning tiyimdiligin arttyru joldaryn izdedi. Osy júmystyng ayasynda oilap tabylghan jetistikterding biri - Pentagonnyng týrli qyzmetterin ózara baylanystyratyn kompiuterlik jýie edi. Keyin sonyng negizinde internet payda boldy. Keybir mamandardyng aituynsha «qyrghiy-qabaq soghysynyn» lebi internetten әli seziledi, bir elding basqa elge degen yqpalyn kýsheytu búl tehnologiyanyng filosofiyasy degen tújyrym da bar.

Internetting jahandanu jyldamdyghyn kýsheytetin negizgi tetik ekendigi de ras. Biraq, qalay degenmen de, ol eng әueli aqparat jetkizu men adamdardy baylanystyrudyng qúraly. Ol qúraldy dúrys paydalana bilu, últ pen memleket mýddesine jaratu ózimizge baylanysty. Niyet bolyp, sauat jetse, búl zamannyng aqparattyq tehnologiyalaryn ana tilimiz ben tól mәdeniyetimizdi damytudyng kemel qúralyna, halqymyzdy últtyq nyshandar men qúndylyqtar tónireginde toptastyrudyng platformasyna ainaldyrugha әbden bolady. Biraq, ókinishke oray, qazirgi qazaqstandyq internetting ahualy, sonyng ishinde qazaq tilindegi veb-sayttardyng jaghdayy kónil kónshitpeydi.

Qazaqstandyq internet paydalanushylardyng eng jii kirip, qaraytyn web-site-tardyng alghashqy ondyghynda qazaqstandyq site-tar mýlde joq.  

Elimizdegi internetti damytu ýshin aldymen onyng infraqúrylymyn damytu qajet. Keng jolaqty kabelidik internet, WiMAX tehnologiyasy arqyly kelgen 3G jәne 4G baylanysy búl mәseleni birtindep sheshedi. Jalpy internetting taraluy men onyng jyldamdyghyn arttyru aldaghy uaqytta memleket te, biznes te erekshe kónil bóletin mәselelerding biri bolmaq. XIX-ghasyrdyng infraqúrylymy temir jol edi, XX-ghasyr avtomobili joldarynyng ghasyry boldy, XXI-ghasyrdyng negizgi infraqúrylymy joghary jyldamdyqty internet ekeni dausyz. Infraqúrylymdy jetildiruge Elbasynyng tapsyrmasyna sәikes qajetti barlyq jaghday jasalyp jatyr, әri bizding elimiz ýshin ontayly tehnikalyq sheshimder de bar, sondyqtan búl mәselening tezdetip sheshiletinine kýmәn joq.

Eng qiyny qazaqstandyq internetting mazmúnyn damytu bolmaq dep oilaymyn. Búl baghytta da bastamashylargha memleket tarapynan aitarlyqtay jenildikter jasalyp, tipti tegin «hosting» berilude. Alayda, mazmúndyq mәseleni sheshude tehnikalyq kómekting bereri shamaly. Aldymen búl sharuanyng memlekettik manyzyn aiqyndap, últtyq qauipsizdikpen tikeley baylanysty ekendigin ashyq aituymyz qajet. 5 millionnan astam qazaqstandyq internet paydalanushylardyng negizinen reseylik jәne amerikandyq sayttarda otyruy qoghamnyng azamattyq bet-baghdaryn aiqyndaytyn qaterli jaghday ekendigi kóp elene bermeydi. Qazaqstandyq internet segmentining Resey jәne Qúrama Shtattarda ornalasqan kompaniyalardyng arasynda bóliniske týsip, barghan sayyn óz elimizding ekonomikalyq jýiesinen tys qalyp bara jatqandyghy da aqiqat. Qazaqstanda shygharylghan ónimdi Qazaqstandyq internet kenistiginde jarnamalau ýshin shet eldik kompaniyalargha jalynyshty jaghday qalyptasty.

Qazirgi otandyq web-site-tardyng basym kópshiligi mekemeler men kәsiporyndardyng aty-jóni jәne meken-jayy jazylghan habarlandyrular dengeyinde. Dәstýrli baspasóz qúraldary internetti әli de gazet nemese jurnaldyng elektrondy kóshirmesi dep biledi. Online aqparat qúraly - maqalalar oqylyp qoyatyn jer emes, oqighalar men iydeyalar talqylanatyn arenagha, pikirlesterding basyn qosatyn forumgha ainalghandyghyn bizding aqparat qúraldary bayqamaytyn sekildi.

Internet tehnologiyalardyng qazaqstandyq bilim beru jәne densaulyq saqtau jýiesindegi orny zaman talabyna say deu de qiyn. Mekteptegi jәne joghary oqu oryndaryndaghy múghalimderimizding kompiuterden qorqatyndyghy, aqparattyq tehnologiyalar taqyrybyn ainalyp ótuge tyrysatyndyghy janalyq emes. Qazirgi zamandaghy, mysaly, syrqattanghan adam eng әueli internetke kirip, auyrghan jeri turaly jan-jaqty mәlimet jinaydy, medisinalyq ensiklopediyalardy aqtaryp, emdelu joldarymen tanysady. Ózi sekildi basqa nauqastar jәne medisina mamandarymen kenesedi. Osynday dayyndyqtan ótip qana, auruhanagha keledi. Búl - dәriger mamandardyng júmysy men biligin jetildiru jýiesin qayta qaraudy talap etetini sózsiz.

Taghy bir erekshe nazar audarghym keletin mәsele -adamnyng ainaladaghy óz ornyn anyqtau prosesindegi internetting orny. Kóp adamnyn, әsirese jastardyng «men kimmin?» degen súraqqa jauap izdeude mamandardyng pikirinshe, internetke jýginetini dәleldengen. Sondyqtan da ony "Identity Industry", yaghny adamnyng ruhany bolmysy men azamattyq kelbetin somdaytyn orta dep ataydy. Búl túrghydan, ghalamdyq torgha kirip, ózine jaqyn eshtene tappay, kezdeysoq qúndylyqtar men jat obrazdardyng qosaghynda ketip jatqan úrpaqtyng taghdyry alandatpay qoymaydy. Búl da tereng oilanudy, jaghdaydy ózgerte alatyn jedel sharalar qoldanudy talap etetin mәsele.

Kommunikasiya qúraly retinde internetting óz tilimizdi damytudyng jәne basqa tilderdi mengeruding de óte tiyimdi aspaby bola alatyndyghy belgili. Biz memlekettik tilding manyzdylyghy turaly kóp aitamyz, desek te, onyng Tәuelsizdikti kýsheytuge, qoghamnyng bәsekelik qauqaryn arttyru ýshin qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigin tiyisti dәrejede týsine bermeymiz. Qazirgi qazaqstandyq internettin, әsirese qazaq tilindegi kontentting әlsizdigi qoghamdaghy til problemasynyng aina kóshirmesi ispetti. Býgingi qazaq qoghamy kelbetining ómirdegi búlynghyrlyghy - online kenistikte de Qazaqstangha anyq súlba tabugha kedergi bolyp otyr. Jartymyz reseylik, endi bir bóligimiz amerikandyq qyzmetterding jeteginde jýruimiz sonyng saldary.

Jaghdaydy mysalmen sipattau ýshin jogharyda aty atalghan Wikipedia jobasyna qayta oralayyq. 10 jyl ishinde 271 tildi әlemdik ensiklopediyagha 18 million maqala salynghan, sonyng 3 jarym milliony aghylshyn tilinde, odan basqa milliondyq mejeden asa alghan tek nemis jәne fransuz tilderi. Orys tilindegi maqala sany 700 myn, qazaq tilinde jazylghany - 20 mynnan endi asty. Wikipedia-gha salynghan últ tilderindegi maqalalardyng sany - sol tilding bedeli, elding namysy bolyp sanalady. Ensiklopediyanyng logotiypine qarasanyz, kishkentay bólikterden qúralghan jer sharyn tanisyz. Erteninen ýmiti bar halyqtar ózining el ekendigin, jahandyq birizdilikke qarsy túra alatyn júrt ekendigin dәleldeu maqsatynda osy ispettes intellektualdyq jәne tehnologiyalyq dodagha týsip, bir-birimen jaghalasuda. Qazaq tili jalpy tizimde túrghany bolmasa, maqalalarynyng sany men sapasy mardymsyz, kenje qalghan 202 tilding sanatynda.  Ókinishke oray, búl mysal bizding aqparattyq tehnologiyalar salasyndaghy jalpy ahualymyzdy sipattaydy. Mәsele qazaq tilindegi bilim men ghylymnyn, ensiklopediyalyq maqalalardyng joqtyghynda emes, oghan ie halyqtyng әli de qonsa shette, kóshse artta jýretin enjarlyghynda bolsa kerek. Til dep taghat tappaytyn keybir últjandylarymyz memleketten talap etkende kórsetetin tabandylyqty osyndayda kórsetse, jaghday mýmkin basqasha bolar ma edi?! Bireudi aiyptaudan aulaqpyz, biraq múnday sharuagha memleket emes, qogham múryndyq bolu kerektigin aitpasqa bolmaydy. Elbasy da búl mәselening memlekettik әri qoghamdyq sipatta sheshu qajettigin jie aitatynyn bilemiz.

Últjandygha sauat, sauattygha últjandyq jetip, jaghdaydy basqa arnagha týsiru ýshin ne isteuimiz qajet?!

Halyqta «shamang jetse, uaqyttan oza jýr, jetpese qatar jýr, biraq esh uaqytta zamannan qalma» degen sóz bar. Ol ras, sipattalghanday sanymen jendirmeytin moldy, qayratymen kýsh bermeytin zordy tek uaqytpen odaqtas bolyp qana jenu mýmkin. Surettelgen aqparattyq alasapyran - adamzattyng industrialdyq dәuirden aqparattyq dәuirge ótkendigining aishyqty belgisi. Ol dәuirding shapshang ómir yrghaghy men uaqyt jәne kenistik turaly jana týsinikteri basqa jerde emes, óz Elimizde, Qazaqstannyng qalalary men auyldarynda túratyn adamdardyng ómirin tez ózgetip jatyr. Mәselen, aldaghy ýsh jyldyng ishinde keng jolaqty internet Manghystaudaghy barlyq eldi-mekenderge jetedi. Qazir kompiuter arqyly alugha bolatyn aqparatty úyaly telefon arqyly ala bastaymyz. Múghalimning sabaghyn, dәrigerding kenesin, әkimning jauabyn ýide túrghan kompiuter arqyly alatyn uaqyt ta alys emes. Búl jana zamannyng tek biz elestete alatyn mýmkindikteri ghana. Shyn mәninde onyng qalay damityny jastarymyzdyng qiyalyna baylanysty.

Jana zamanda tabysty bolu ýshin ne istep, ne qon qajettigin qadam-qadam aityp beru eshkimning de qolynan kelmes. Biraq óskeleng úrpaqqa oy salu, kýnde kirip jýrgen internetke janasha qaraugha, jay paydalanushy emes, óz kózqarasy men ústanymy bar aqparattyq qauymdastyqtyng belsendi mýshesi bolu kerektigin aitu bizge mindet dep bilemin.

Elimizding túnghysh Preziydenti, Kóshbasshymyz Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaev Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy kýnderinen bastap-aq manayyna jastardy toptastyryp, keler buyndy jana keleshekting talabyna dayyndau isin bir sәtke nazardan tys qaldyrmay keledi. Orta bilim berudi damytu, joghary bilimdi әlemdik dengeyge kóteru, «Bolashaq» baghdarlamasyn qúru, zaman talabyna say uniyversiytetter ashu, jýieli týrde jastardy memlekettik qyzmet pen kәsipkerlikke tartu, osynyng barlyghy da Memleket basshysynyng jeke aralasuy, shynayy yqylasynyng arqasynda jasalghan iygilikter. Býgingi Qazaqstanda bilim alugha niyetti, júmys isteuge yqylasty, tabysty bolugha talapty, enbekti serik etken  jas adamnyng «jerde qaluy» mýmkin emes. Al kórshi memleketterden bizding elge kelip qúrylys pen bazar jaghalap, bosyp jýrgen zamandastarynyng ol jaghdaygha kinәli emestigin bizding jastar týsinui kerek. Búl sózding astaryn óskeleng úrpaq jaqsy úghady dep oilaymyn.

Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaev referendumgha toqtau salyp, erkin saylau turaly sheshim qabyldaghanda da jas sayasatkerlerge ýlgi kórsetkisi keletinin basyp aitty. Sol saylaudyng aldynda jariyalaghan túghyrnamalyq ýndeu de eng әueli jastargha arnaghanyn ishimiz sezdi. Elbasynyng auyzynan shyqqan «Sender bizdi tanghaldyryndar!» degen ózi tapsyrma, ózi úrany sol ýndeuding tobyqtay týiini siyaqty. Búl maqalany qorytyndylau ýshin de Preziydentimizding atalghan tapsyrmasy jәne úranynan artyq sóz tabu qiyn bolar. Búiyrsa, bizderdi óskeleng úrpaq tanghaldyrsyn, últtyq qúndylyqtarymyzdy jalghastyra bilsin, jana ghasyrdyng internet siyaqty jana tehnologiyalaryna últjandy ústanymmen jauap bere bilsin dep tileymiz.

Qyrymbek Kósherbaev

Manghystau oblysynyng әkimi,

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