Qazaq halqynyng óz zamanynyng oishyldary dýniyenin, bolmystyn, ómirdin, adamnyng jay-kýiin jete týsinuge úmtylghan. Naqty ómirden bastau alatyn qazaqtyng filosofiyalyq kózqarastary qogham men tabighat turaly pikirlerge toly. Mine, osy qoghamdyq qatynastar turasyndaghy keybir tújyrymdamalar kenes berushilik sipatqa iye. Al kenes beruding astarynda әleumettik-sayasy konsalting tehnologiyalaryn qoldanu elementteri jatyr.

Jalpy konsalting (aghyl. consulting)  úghymynyng audarmasy kenes beru degendi bildiredi. Búl kez kelgen qúbylystyng úiymdastyrushylyq damuy men basqaru salalarynyng kýrdeli mәselelerin  sheshuge baghyttalghan intellektualdy shara. Atalmysh sharanyng týp qazyghy terende jatyr. Keybir ghalymdardyng payymdauynsha, eng alghashqy kenesshi qyzmetin óz shygharmalary arqyly tanymal Qytay filosofy Konfusiy atqarghan. Ejelgi dýniyedegi әleumettik-sayasy kenes berude filosoftar, sheshender men abyzdardyng róli erekshe boldy. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy sayasy konsalting naryghynyng qaynar kózin ertedegi biyler nemese aqsaqaldar kenesinen bastau alatynyna tolyqtay senimdimiz. Sonymen qatar, óz zamanynyng oishyldary, aghartushy ghalymdardyng shygharmalary halyqtyng әleumettik-sayasy kózqarastaryn qalyptastyrugha mol ýlesin qosty.

Qazaq halqynyng óz zamanynyng oishyldary dýniyenin, bolmystyn, ómirdin, adamnyng jay-kýiin jete týsinuge úmtylghan. Naqty ómirden bastau alatyn qazaqtyng filosofiyalyq kózqarastary qogham men tabighat turaly pikirlerge toly. Mine, osy qoghamdyq qatynastar turasyndaghy keybir tújyrymdamalar kenes berushilik sipatqa iye. Al kenes beruding astarynda әleumettik-sayasy konsalting tehnologiyalaryn qoldanu elementteri jatyr.

Jalpy konsalting (aghyl. consulting)  úghymynyng audarmasy kenes beru degendi bildiredi. Búl kez kelgen qúbylystyng úiymdastyrushylyq damuy men basqaru salalarynyng kýrdeli mәselelerin  sheshuge baghyttalghan intellektualdy shara. Atalmysh sharanyng týp qazyghy terende jatyr. Keybir ghalymdardyng payymdauynsha, eng alghashqy kenesshi qyzmetin óz shygharmalary arqyly tanymal Qytay filosofy Konfusiy atqarghan. Ejelgi dýniyedegi әleumettik-sayasy kenes berude filosoftar, sheshender men abyzdardyng róli erekshe boldy. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy sayasy konsalting naryghynyng qaynar kózin ertedegi biyler nemese aqsaqaldar kenesinen bastau alatynyna tolyqtay senimdimiz. Sonymen qatar, óz zamanynyng oishyldary, aghartushy ghalymdardyng shygharmalary halyqtyng әleumettik-sayasy kózqarastaryn qalyptastyrugha mol ýlesin qosty.

Qazaq qoghamdyq oi-pikirlerining tarihynda aghartushylyq kózqarastarymen erekshelenetin shygharmalardyng manyzdylyghy óte joghary. Qazaqtyng iri әdebiyetshi-ghalymy, dramaturg, qogham qayratkeri M. Áuezovtyng jiyrma tomdyq shygharmalarynyng on toghyzynshy tomynda jazushy mynaday pikirde: «Qazaq SSR tarihynyng ótken ghasyryn eske alsaq, kózge tolyq, kónilge medeu ýsh adamdy aldymen aitamyz. Olar keng Qazaqstannyng shalghay jatqan ólkelerinen shyqsa da bir tughanday seziletin asyl jandar. Olar: ýsheui ýsh múnaraday bolghan Shoqan, Ybyray, Abay.

Búl ýsheuining ómir, enbek maydandary ýsh aluan boluymen qatar, ýsheuin bir tughanday etetin úqsastyq ta asa aiqyn. Ol úqsastyq: olardyng nәr alghan tamyrynan, analyq topyraghynan tughan. Búlardyng bәri de qazaqtyng kiyiz ýiinde tuyp, óz elining ókili bolyp shyghuymen qatar, tek qazaq halqynyng ghana til, óner, tarihy mәdeniyet erekshelikterining kóleminde qalghan joq, tuysy qazaq bolsa da búlardyng órisi, ósui basqasha. Olar ózderinen búrynghy qazaq balasy barmaghan yrys ólkesine jetti. Sol barysynda shyn shúrayly, anyq analyq qazyna tapty.

Shoqan orystyng aldynghy qatarly demokratiyalyq ozghyn mәdeniyetin mengermese, Shoqan bolmas edi. Ybyray orystyng mәdeniyet mektebin tanymasa, Ushinskiy bastaghan pedagogikalyq janalyqtardy bilmese, orystyng adamgershil, progresshil klassikalyq әdebiyetining nәrinen qorek almasa, Ybyray bolmas edi. Solar siyaqty Abay da Krylov, Pushkiyn, Lermontov, Saltykov-Shedrin qaldyrghan әdebiyettik múrany úghyp, mengermese Abay bolmas edi» [1].

Osy sebepterge baylanysty osy maqalamyzda Shoqan, Ybyray, Abay shygharmalaryndaghy әleumettik-sayasy kózqarastar negizindegi kenes berushilik tústaryna toqtalugha niyet bildirdik.

Qazaq oishyly, etnografy, tarihshysy, geografy, ghúlama ghalymy jәne aghartushysy Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ghylymy enbekteri men qoghamdyq kózqarastary býgingi kýnge deyin óz qúndylyghyn joghaltpaydy. Onyng «Abylay», «Shaman dinining qazaq arasyndaghy qaldyqtary», «Sibir qaramaghyndaghy qazaqtardyng sot reformasy turaly zapiska», «Jonghariya ocherkteri» [2] atty maqalalary halqymyzdyng qalyptasuy men damuy turaly bayandaydy.

Mәselen, «Abylay» maqalasynda Shoqan danqty hannyng ómir jolyna sholu jasaydy. Sol zamannyng qazaqtar ýshin erlik dәuiri ekendigin aiqyndaydy. Hannyng kóptegen basshylyq synynan ótip, jau qolynda tútqynda bolghan kezenderi turaly aitady. Onyng týbi tereng boljaghysh sayasatker ekeni anyqtalady. Búl Abylay sayasatynyng saliqaly ekendigining kórsetkishi bolyp tabylady.

«Shaman dinining qazaq arasyndaghy qaldyqtary» atty maqalada ghalym qazaq halqynda shamandyqtyng qaldyqtary turaly da ghylymy tújyrymdar keltiredi. Halqymyzdyng islam dinin ústanatynyn, onyng ishinde shaman ghúryptary men yrymdaryn tútynuy anyqtalady. Sonymen qatar, ólgen ata-baba ruhtary, aruaqtar, nemese orgondar, shamandardyng emdeu tәsilderi men tabynu nysandary, sadaqagha soyylatyn maldar, qazaqtardyng kosmologiyalyq úghymdary, jaratylystaghy kiyeli kýshter turaly sóz etedi. Osy maqalasynda Shoqan «Óli men tiri turaly jәne olardyng dostyghy turaly ertegi» úsynady. Óli jigit pen tiri jigit arasyndaghy dostyqtyng mәnin aiqyndaydy. «Balam, esinde bolsyn, elsiz jerde kezdessen... molany qúr qaldyrma, eger oghan týnde kezdesseng týnemey ótpe», - degen sózderi dәstýrdi ústanu men ózgening kenesin tyndau, jigitting jolbarystargha úmtyluy batyrlyqtyng qajettiligin dәripteydi.

Qazaq mektepterin Evropa jolyna, óner jolyna búryp bastaghan eng túnghysh janashyl oqytushy, tarihta óshpestey iz qaldyrghan pedagog, aqyn, jazushy Ybyray Altynsarinning aghartushylyq qyzmetke qosqan ýlesi men enbegi zor. Ybyray jastardy oqu-bilim, ónerge úmtylugha kenes bergende qúrghaq nasihatqa úrynbaydy, qayta óz oiyn naqtylyqpen dәleldeuge úmtylady. Aytpaq pikirdi oqushy zerdesine erkin siniru ýshin әr aluan ústazdyq amal-tәsil qoldanady. Ol eng aldymen sheshendik qaytalaulardy útymdy paydalanady. Aqyn әr shumaq sayyn:

«Bir qúdaygha syiynyp,

Kel balalar, oqylyq,

Oqyghanda kónilge

Yqylaspen toqylyq!» -

degen joldardy әdeyi qaytalay otyryp, oqu-bilimning paydasyn aituda bala jýregine jol taba bilgen. Ol bilimdilik pen nadandyqtyng ara jigin ashyp kórsetu talabynda jaryq pen qaranghylyqty qatar, jarystyra alyp sipattaydy. Osy orayda aqyn aldymen oqudyng paydasyn jaryqqa balap:

«Oqysanyz, balalar,

Shamnan shyraq jaghylar.

Tilegening aldynnan

Izdemey-aq tabylar!» -

dese, nadandyqtyng mәn-jayyn:

«Oqymaghan jýredi,

Qaranghyny qarmalap» - deydi.

Avtor ózi ýndep otyrghan oqu-bilimning tek izdenis, enbekpen tabylatynyna ýlken mәn beredi. Ol ýshin iynemen qúdyq qazghanday yjdahat, sabyrlylyq qajet ekenin eskertedi. Sonday saryla izdenuding arqasynda qol jetkizgen oqudyng azbas, tozbas ónerge ainalatynyn aitady. Aqynnyng oiynsha, oqu-bilim mәngilik, ol jútamaydy, tausylmaydy.

Ybyraydyng «Óner-bilim bar júrttar» atty óleni tyng mazmúndy, jana sipatty shygharma dey alamyz. Aqyn múnda qazaq balalary týgil, eresekterding úghymynda joq tehnika tetikteri men qúral-jabdyqtarynyng is-әreket, qozghalysy men adamgha kórseter qyzmetin suretteydi. Shynynda, qúlaq estip, kóz kórmegen paravoz, parahod, radio, telegraf, telefon, gaz, elektr, samolet t.b. sekildi tehnika qúral-jabdyqtarynyng qyzmet-kómegi jas balalar ýshin tek qiyaldaghy dýnie sekildi bolatyn. Sondyqtan búlardy qazaq balalaryna aityp týsindiru talabynda ol el ómirinde búrynnan bar júmbaqtau tәsilin ústanady. Múnyng birden-bir dúrys jol ekenin dәleldeu qajet bolmas. Degenmen múnyng keybir qyrlaryna zer sala ketken de artyq bolmas deymiz.

Avtor sol tanys emes tehnika zattarynyng is-әreketterin aldymen óz ómirimizde bar nәrselermen teneu arqyly úghyndyrmaq bolady. Aytalyq, ol paravozdy «aty joq qúr arba» dep beynelese, al suda jýzgen kemeni kәdimgi nәn balyqqa balaydy. Búl birinshiden, júmbaq sheship ýirengen qazaq balalarynyng oilau qabileti men soghan degen yqylas-yntasyn arttyrsa, ekinshiden, jana zattyng bolmysy men qyzmetinen habardar bolyp, naqty týsinik alady. Sondyqtan búl jyrlar tanymdyq sipaty jaghynan tendesi joq shygharmalar bolyp sanalady.

Y. Altynsarin alghash әdebiyetimizde proza janrynyng da negizin qalady. Ol әngimelerinde jas shәkirtterdi adamgershilikke, izgilik pen bauyrmaldyqqa, adal enbek pen әdildikke, әdeptilik pen sabyrlylyqqa, zeyindilik pen bilimdi erkin iygeruge shaqyru arqyly kenes berdi. Óz әngimelerinde otyryqshylyqtyng artyqtyghyn dәleldeuge erekshe zer salghan jazushy «Qypshaq Seyitqúl», «Kiyiz ýy men aghash ýi» sekildi shygharmalaryn jazdy.

Sonymen qatar, jazushynyng «Aurudan ayaghan kýshtirek», «Asyl shóp», «Maldy paydagha jaratu» atty әngimeleri qayyrymdylyq pen bauyrmaldyq, sabyrlylyq pen shydamdylyq sekildi izgi qasiyetterdi tәrbiyeleuge arnalghan. Ybyray múnda balalar úghymyn eskerip, oqighanyng qysqa qayyrylyp, mysal, júmbaq ispettes etip qúryluyna mәn beredi. Sol arqyly shәkirtterding zeyin-yqylasyn arttyrumen qatar, olardyng oilau qabiletin jetildiruge zer salady.

«Bay men jarly balasy» atty әngimesi ózge shygharmalarynan jeke dara túr dep aita alamyz. Múnda jazushy bay balasy Asan men kedey balasy Ýsendi bas keyipker etip ala otyryp, әleumettik mәni zor iri mәselege nazar audarady. Balanyng qalyptasuyna orta men otbasynyng әser-yqpalyn ashyp kórsetu arqyly mәn-manyzy ýlken qorytyndy jasaydy. Joqshylyq kórmey, tek dayyngha ýirengen bay balasy Asannyng ómirge iykemsizdigin, al búghan qarsy enbeksýigish, tәjiriybeli kedey balasy Ýsenning qiyn sәtte iykemdiligin nanymdy etip sipattaydy. Sol arqyly ómirding kýrdeliligin anghartyp, qanday qiynshylyqty bolsa da enbek pen tәjiriybe jenedi degen baysaldy pikir úsynady [1, 8-17 bb.].

Qazaqtyng úly aqyny, filosof, jazba әdebiyetining negizin qalaushy Abaydyng әleumettik-sayasi, antroposentristik, gumanistik kózqarastarynyng orny erekshe. Onyng әrbir poemalary, qara sózderi, ólenderi men audarmalarynyng negizgi mәnin tereninen týsine alsaq, ótken zamandy, elding jayyn, halyq taghdyry men armanyn úghynamyz. Sol arqyly qazirgi kezendi, keshegi men býgindi, bolashaghymyzdy aiqynday alamyz.

Úly Abay ózining birinshi qara sózinde: «qalghan ómirimdi qaytyp ótkizemin», - dey kele, «el», «mal», «ghylym», «din», «bala» baghamyn ba?», - dep saual tastaydy. Aqyry: «... aq qaghaz ben qara siyany ermek qylayyn, kimde-kim ishinen kerekti sóz tapsa, jazyp alsyn, ya oqysyn...» [3], - deydi. Endi aqyn qara sózderindegi kenes berushilik sipaty mol oi-tolghamdaryna toqtalayyq.

Ýshinshi qara sózinde: «...Ýsh jylgha bolys saylanady. Áuelgi jyly «Seni biz saylamadyq pa?» dep elding búldanghandyghymen kýni ótedi. Ekinshi jyly kandidatpenen andysyp kýni ótedi. Ýshinshi jyly saylaugha jaqyndap qalyp, taghy bolys bolyp qalugha bolar ma eken dep kýni ótedi...», - deydi. Búl aqyn dәuirinde demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtardyng qalyptasqandyghyn kórsetumen qatar, ol sol zamannyng ózinde býgingi kýndegidey saylau nauqany barysyndaghy kandidattardyng jaghymdy imidj qalyptastyrudaghy qimyldaryn eske týsiredi. Bolystyqqa týserde qazirgidey ózindik tehnologiyalar jýrgizu kezeninde sol zamannyng ózinde-aq bilimdi boluynyng negizgi alghyshart ekendigin kórsetedi.

Segizinshi qara sózinde: «Osy aqyldy kim ýirenedi, nasihatty kim tyndaydy? Bireu - bolys, bireu - bi. Olardyng aqyl ýireneyin, nasihat tyndayyn degen oiy bolsa, ol oryngha saylanyp ta jýrmes edi...», - deydi. Aqyn búl pikiri arqyly ekeuining óz zamanynda ózderin ýzdik kisi, bireuge ýlgi berip, aqyl aitugha saylanghanbyz dep shekteytindigin, baylar ýshin adaldyq, adamdyq, aqyl, ghylym, bilimning maldan qymbat  emestigin qynjyla bayandaydy. Qoghamdyq damudyng negizgi qúndylyqtaryn olardyng búlay baghalauy kedeylerding oi-pikirine yqpal etip, bilim, ghylym, aqyldy kerek etpeytindigine kónili tolmaydy. Desek te, býgingi kýnde halyqtyng sanasynda múnday kózqarastardyng qalyp qoyghandyghy jasyryn emes.

Abaydyng aqyldy kisi men aqylsyz kisining parqyn aiqyndauy (on besinshi qara sóz), qayrat, aqyl, jýrek ýsheuining ónerlerin aitysyp, talasyp ghylymgha jýginui (on jetinshi qara sóz) sekildi oilary aqyldylyq pen ghylymnyng jogharylyghyn dәleldeydi. Ghylymnyng qorshaghan әlemdi obektivti baghyttaryn jýielendiretin adamzattyng erekshe dýniyetanymdyq qyzmeti ekendigin kórsetedi. Búl qyzmetting negizi bolyp mәlimetterdi jinau, olardy jýielendiru, jana ilimdi saraptau men sintezdeude jatyr. Ghylym baqylanatyn tabighy nemese qoghamdyq qúbylystardy surettep qana qoymay, boljamdar jasaugha septigin tiygizedi. Sondyqtan Abay shygharmashylyghynan boljam jasau ýlgisin bayqaymyz.

Sonymen qazaqtyng sayasy oilaryndaghy ýsh túlghanyng әleumettik-sayasy oi-pikirlerine saraptama jýrgizildi. Qazaq danyshpandarynyng qogham mýshelerine óz shygharmalary arqyly yntymaqtastyqqa, beybitshilikke, izgilikke, sauatty bolyp, ghylym quugha kenes bergendikteri bayqalady. Sondyqtan qazaqtyng barsha ghúlama ghalymdarynyng pikirleri býgingi kýnde de qúndylyqtary men ózektiligin joymaytyndyghy anyq.

Ádebiyet:

1.    Ybyray Altynsarin taghylymy. / Qúrast. M. Jarmúhamedov. - Almaty: Jazushy, 1991. - 20-21 bb.

2.    Shoqan Uәlihanov. Maqalalary men hattary. - Almaty: Qazaqtyng birikken memleket baspasy, 1949. - 169 b.

3.    Abay (Ibrahiym) Qúnanbayúly. Shygharmalarynyng eki tomdyq tolyq jinaghy. - II tom. - Almaty: Jazushy, 1995. - 158 b.

Múrat Órlenbayúly Nasimov,

sayasy ghylymdarynyng kandidaty,

Qyzylorda «Bolashaq» uniyversiytetinin

tarih jәne filologiya kafedrasy mengerushisi

«Abay-aqparat»