Dining túrsyn din aman

Memleket basshysy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Qazaqstan hal­qy Assambleyasynyng HV sessiyasynda sóilegen sózinde Din isteri jónindegi agenttik qúru turaly iydeyany algha tartqan bolatyn. Búl qúrylymnyng mindetterin belgiley kelip, Preziydent «bizding sheshushi konfessiyalarymyz memlekettik organdarmen yntymaqtastyq barysynda dinge senushi jastarmen belsendi júmys jýrgizip, olardyng shynayy diny bilim aluyna kómektese alar edi» dep atap kórsetti. Osyghan baylanysty biz respublikamyzdaghy býgingi diny ahual, diny konfessiyalardyng biylikpen jәne ózara qarym-qatynasy turaly, óskeleng úrpaqtyng sanasyna iritki salatyn diny aghymdardyng yqpal etuining aldyn alu mәseleleri haqynda agenttik tóraghasy, belgili diplomat jәne arabtanushy Qayrat Lama ShÁRIPTI әngimege tartqan edik.

- Eng aldymen, әngime­lesuding sәti týsken osy aidyng qasiyetti Ramazan aiy ekendigin atap ótkim keledi. Islam qaghidat­taryna sәikes naq osy aida pay­ghambarymyz Múhammedke qasiyetti Qúran týse bastady. On bir ay boyy ózining qúlqyny jәne nәpsisimen túraqty kýres jýrgizip kelgen adamdar ýshin naq osy Ramazan aiynda olardy jenu mýmkindigi qalyptasatyn mәre ornyghady. Ramazan aiyn­da ainalanyng bәri izgilik pen qayyrymdylyqqa tolady. Ár­bir dinge senushi músylman ký­nәli jәne jaghymsyz isterge barynsha tyiym salugha talpynady.

Dining túrsyn din aman

Memleket basshysy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Qazaqstan hal­qy Assambleyasynyng HV sessiyasynda sóilegen sózinde Din isteri jónindegi agenttik qúru turaly iydeyany algha tartqan bolatyn. Búl qúrylymnyng mindetterin belgiley kelip, Preziydent «bizding sheshushi konfessiyalarymyz memlekettik organdarmen yntymaqtastyq barysynda dinge senushi jastarmen belsendi júmys jýrgizip, olardyng shynayy diny bilim aluyna kómektese alar edi» dep atap kórsetti. Osyghan baylanysty biz respublikamyzdaghy býgingi diny ahual, diny konfessiyalardyng biylikpen jәne ózara qarym-qatynasy turaly, óskeleng úrpaqtyng sanasyna iritki salatyn diny aghymdardyng yqpal etuining aldyn alu mәseleleri haqynda agenttik tóraghasy, belgili diplomat jәne arabtanushy Qayrat Lama ShÁRIPTI әngimege tartqan edik.

- Eng aldymen, әngime­lesuding sәti týsken osy aidyng qasiyetti Ramazan aiy ekendigin atap ótkim keledi. Islam qaghidat­taryna sәikes naq osy aida pay­ghambarymyz Múhammedke qasiyetti Qúran týse bastady. On bir ay boyy ózining qúlqyny jәne nәpsisimen túraqty kýres jýrgizip kelgen adamdar ýshin naq osy Ramazan aiynda olardy jenu mýmkindigi qalyptasatyn mәre ornyghady. Ramazan aiyn­da ainalanyng bәri izgilik pen qayyrymdylyqqa tolady. Ár­bir dinge senushi músylman ký­nәli jәne jaghymsyz isterge barynsha tyiym salugha talpynady.

Býginde Qazaqstanda últtyq diny qayta órleu kezeni beleng aluda. Din halyqtyng mәdeny dәstýrlerin saqtaushy jәne ruhani-adamgershilik iydealdar­dyng qozghaushy kýshi retinde biz­ding otandastarymyzdyng kóz aldynda zor qúndylyqtargha iye.  Osyghan baylanysty diny etiy­kanyng kýshi óskeleng úrpaqtyng adamgershilik jәne ruhany dý­niyetanymyn qalyptastyruda barynsha belsendi qolda­ny­lu­da. Dәstýrli diny tanymdardyng senim ýderisteri ghasyrlar boyy adamdardyng óz úrpaqtaryn tәr­biyeleuine, ólikterin jerleuine, enbek etuine, kitap jazyp, úly óner tuyndylaryn jasauyna yqpal etip keldi. Basqasha aitsaq, dәstýrli dinder qoghamdyq ómirding jәne mәdeniyetting ajyraghysyz bir bólshegine ainaldy.

Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaev ózining Álemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder kóshbasshylary­nyng II sezinde sóilegen sózinde: «Myndaghan jyldar boyy dinge negizdelgen mәdeniyet tarihta ózining jandy sózin saqtap keldi. Bir jaghynan oilap qarasaq, ózining diny ruhyn saqtau tarihta tútas bir halyqtyng saqtaluynyng kepili bolyp keldi».

Músylmandyq Shyghys mәdeniyetine tarihy jaqyndasu Qazaqstanda ghylym men mәdeniyet­ting damuyna barynsha zor qozghau saldy. Bir jaghynan, kóne diny nanymdardyng ornyna kelgen islam qazaq halqynyng adamgershilik jaghynan ósuine intel­lek­tualdyq jәne mәdeny damuyna erekshe yqpal etti. Ekinshi jaghy­nan alghanda, memleketti­liktin, et­nostyq jәne mәdeny erekshe­lik­terding saqtalyp qaluy­nyng sheshushi faktorlarynyng biri de islam boldy. Kóptegen dәuir­lerdegi týr­ki dýniyesi jәne qazaq oishyldary elitasynyng úly ókilderi - Qoja Ahmet Yasauy jәne Asan Qayghydan bastap Abay men Shәkәrimge deyin - islam ruhany qúndylyqtaryn taratushy­lar boldy.

Islam jәne pravoslavie qazaq jәne orys halyqtarynyng ómirin­degi basty mәdeniyet jasaushy negiz bolyp tabylady. Memleketimizding arnayy resmy mereke retinde demalys kýni dep Qúrban ait pen Rojdestvony moyyndauy da tegin emes.

Qazaqstan býginde býkil әlem ýshin konfes­siyaaralyq kelisimning ýlgisi retinde tanyldy. Ghasyrlar boyy islam jәne hristian dininin, birinshi kezekte pravoslaviyening beybitqatar ómir sýrudegi tәjiriybesi bizding respublika­myzdy mekendeytin qazaq, orys jәne basqa da halyqtardyng bauyrlastyghynyng ýlgisi boldy. Árbir din ózining uaghyzdarymen adamdargha jalpy adamgershilik qúndylyqtardy әkeledi, qoghamdaghy tanym, týsinik normalaryn bekitedi, halyqtardyng ghasyrlar boyghy ruhany qúndy­lyq­tarynyng saqtaushysy retinde róli atqarady.

Býgingi tanda Qazaqstan - diny toleranttylyq iydeyasyn taratu jóninde talassyz kóshbasshy. Bizding elimizding konfessiyaaralyq ýnqatysudaghy tәjiriybesi býkil әlemdegi diny jetekshilerding qoldauy men moyyndauyna ie bolyp otyr. Elimiz ózining naqty isterimen halyqtar jәne dinder arasyndaghy kelisim men týsinistikke tolyq qol jetkizuge bolatyndyghyn dәleldep keledi. Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazar­baev­tyng sara sayasatynyng arqasynda memleket әrtýrli etnostar men konfessiyalardyng beybitqatar ómir sýruining ózindik modelin jasady.

Bizding elimizde músylmandar jәne pravoslaviyelikter, katolikter jәne protestanttar, buddister jәne iudeyler - barlyghy bir-birine qúrmetpen qaraydy. Óitkeni әrbir adam basqa azamattardyng qúqyqtaryna núqsan keltirmey-aq ózining diny kózqarasyn tandaugha qúqyly. Mine, sondyqtan da Qazaqstanda qazirding ózinde Álemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder kóshbasshy­larynyng ýsh sezi ótkizildi. Osy sezderde әrtýrli memleketterding jәne halyqtardyng diny iyerarhiyasy әrtýrli mәdeniyetter men dinderding ýnqatysuyna, barlyq jerde birdey qabyl­danghan tózimdilik pen erkindik qúndylyqtaryna negizdelgen birynghay órkeniyettilikke úmty­latyndyqtaryn rastady.

- Qayrat Qayyrbekúly, Qazaqstan Kons­tiy­tusiyasynda ózin din biylikten bólingen zayyrly memleket retinde jariyalaghan. Mine, osyghan baylanysty siz basqaryp otyr­ghan agenttik diny birlestiktermen qalay qa­rym-qatynas jasaydy?

- Árbir zayyrly memlekette naqty belgilengen zayyrly iydeologiya boluy mindetti. Eger múnday jaghday qalyptaspasa, ol memleket konfessiyaaralyq qaqtyghystargha beyim túrady.

Kópshilik zayyrlylyqty barlyq dinderge qatysty beytaraptyq ústanu, memleketting diny tanymdardan tәuelsiz jәne kez kelgen teolo­giyalyq tújyrymdamalardan erkin boluy dep týsinedi. Alayda býgingi tanda zayyrlylyqty anyqtaytyn búl qaghidattar birte-birte ózgeris­ke úshyrauda.

Eger biz basqa memleketterding tәjiriybe­lerine nazar audaratyn bolsaq, zayyrlylyq pen demokratiyanyng ara qatynasyndaghy kóptegen modeliderdi kóremiz.  Memlekettik-diny qaty­nas­tardy birizdilikke týsiruding birynghay bagh­dar­lamasy joq. Árbir memleketting ózindik tarihy jәne mәdeny erekshelikterining erekshe qol­tanbasyn saqtaghan belgili bir memlekettik-konfessiyalyq qarym-qatynastary qalyp­tasqan.

Memleketting zayyrlylyghy onyng damuynyng jәne modernizasiyalanuynyng kepili bolyp tabylady. Qazaqstanda diny kózqarastardyng ruhanisyzdanuy men  radikaldanuyna  jol beruge bolmaydy. Memleketting zayyrlylyghy  әr­týrli dinderge degen qúrmet pen diny tózim­dilikti aiqynday otyryp, qoghamda gumanizmning zayyrly týrin qalyptastyrugha iytermeleydi, óz otanyn sýietin, óz elining patrioty bolyp ta­bylatyn zayyrly azamattardy qalyptas­tyrady jәne sonymen birge sol memleketke tәn dәstýrli dindi jәne últtyq mәdeniyetti nyghaytu ýderisterin joqqa shygharmaydy. Zayyrly gumanizmdi qalyptastyru óz kezeginde dinaralyq toleranttylyqty joqqa shygharmaytyn jana diny mәdeniyetti qalyptastyrugha,  sonymen birge elding últtyq ereksheligin saqtaugha yqpal etedi.

Kóptegen memleketter zayyrlylyq pen demokratiyany jariyalay otyryp, dinge qatysty erekshe qarym-qatynas qalyptastyrghan. Búl rette olar dindi barlyq qoghamdyq jәne memlekettik ómirding shekarasynan shygharudan bastap, kóptegen dinder arasynda bir nemese birneshe dәstýrli dinderge arnayy qoldau kórsetuge deyingi baghytty ústanady. Zayyrly memleket retinde Qazaqstan ózining memlekettik-konfes­siyalyq qarym-qatynasyn ózining tarihyna, últ­tyq mýddelerine jәne ómir talaptaryna, shet­elderding tәjiriybesine sýiene otyryp qalyp­tastyrugha zor mýmkindigi bar. Búl rette, sózsiz respublikamyzda basymdyq dәstýrli dinder jaghynda boluy kerek.

Zayyrlylyq layyqsyz jәne ónegesizdik jaghdaylargha jol bermeydi, sonymen birge, ol keybir teris diny nemese sektanttyq aghymdardy ústanushylardyng qoghamdaghy ekinshi bir adamdargha yqpal etuine tosqauyl qoyady. Kóp rette sektanttyq aghymdardy taratushylar azamattardyng jeke ómirine barynsha aralasugha jәne olardyng yqpalyna týsken adamdardyng minez-qúlqyn barynsha ózgertuge tyrysady. Olar óz yqpalyna týsken adamdardyng zorlyq­pen kiyim kiyisterin, ishetin tamaqtaryn, diny dәstýrlerin ózgertuge jәne adamnyng sanasy men dýniyetanymyn baghyndyrugha kýsh salady.

Bizding elimizdegi memleket jәne diny birlestikterding ózara qarym-qatynasyndaghy mo­deli adamdardyng erkindigi men qúqyghyn qúrmetteudegi demokratiyalyq ýderisterge, qoghamdyq jәne diny mýddelerding tepe-tendigine jәne ózara týsinistik pen qalypty jaghdayda beybitqatar ómir sýruine negizdelgen. Diny senim erkindigi salasyndaghy memlekettik sayasat­tyng ýsh negizgi prinsipterin airyqsha bólip kórsetu kerek, olar - beytaraptyq, tolerant­tylyq jәne tendik. Búl rette eng basty mәsele memleketting diny birlestikterding ishki isine aralaspau jónindegi beytaraptyghy bolyp taby­lady. Toleranttylyq prinsiypi diny senimge degen qúrmetpen erekshelenedi. Tendik prinsiypi zang aldyndaghy barlyq diny birlestikterding jәne әrtýrli diny senimdegi ókilderding tendigin aiqyndaydy. Sondyqtan zorlyq-zombylyqqa shaqyratyn konstitusiyalyq qúrylysty qúlatu­gha, biylikti ózgertuge jәne basqa kelensizdikterge ýndeytin kez kelgen diny birlestik zang búzushy retinde odan әri erkin ómir sýruge tiyisti emes.

Qazaqstanda konfessiyaaralyq qarym-qatynastardy retteytin, diny birlestikter men memleket arasyndaghy ýnqatysudy nyghaytatyn yqpaldy tetikterding biri retinde 2000 jyly Ýkimet janynan qúrylghan Diny birlestiktermen baylanys jónindegi kenesti jәne Astana men Almaty qalalarynyn, oblys әkimderining sheshimimen qúrylghan ónirlik kenesterdi ataugha bolady. Búl kenesushi-konsulitativtik organ­nyng manyzdy erekshelikterining biri onyng qú­ramynyng jetekshi konfessiyalar ókilderinen, dintanushy ghalymdardan, qoghamdyq birlestik­terding jetekshilerinen, memlekettik basqaru organdarynyng qyzmetkerlerinen jәne qogham qayratkerlerinen  qalyptasuy bolyp tabylady. Búl ortaq problemalardy kenese otyryp sheshuge mýmkindik beredi.

Alda túrghan keleli mindetterdi eskere kelip, agenttik qazaqstandyq qoghamdaghy diny aghartu­shylyqty damytugha jәne túraqtylyqty ny­ghaytu­gha iygi yqpal etetin sharalardy úiymdas­tyrmaq. Diny ahualdyng damuyn, diny birles­tikterdin, missionerlerding jәne sany az diny toptardyng qyzmetin zertteu men saraptau da agenttikting basty mindetterining biri bolyp tabylady. Bizding tayau merzim ishinde atqaratyn manyzdy júmysymyz - memlekettik-konfessiya­lyq qarym-qatynas mәselelerin retteytin zandardy jetildiru. Búl rette diny ekstremizmning aldyn alu mәselesine airyqsha mәn berilmek.

- Siz respublikamyzdaghy býgingi diny ahualdy qalay baghalaysyz?

- Jalpy alghanda ol túraqty. Jogharyda aityp ótkenimdey, bizding elimizding damu erekshe­likterining biri qoghamymyzdaghy din rólining erekshe artqandyghy bolyp otyr. Jyl sayyn dinge senushilerding jәne diny birlestikterding sany artyp keledi. Diny ghimarattar da kóbeide. Mәselen, elimizdegi 40-tan astam konfessiyalar men denominasiyalardan shyqqan diny birles­tikterding jalpy sany 4551 bolyp otyr. Búl  kórsetkish 1990 jyly bar bolghany 670 qana edi. Qazaqstan - әrtýrli diny senim ókilderining tatulyq pen kelisim jaghdayynda beybitqatar ómir sýruining naqty ýlgisi. Búl memleketting diny senim erkindigine qúrmetpen qarauynyn, qoghamda toleranttylyq jәne diny tózimdilik ahualyn qalyptastyruynyng jarqyn kórinisi bolyp tabylady. Respublika kóp konfessiyaly jәne kóp etnosty memleket retinde aldaghy uaqytta da әlemdik jәne dәstýrli dinderding izgilikti ónegelilik әleuetin barynsha paydalana otyryp, konfessiyaaralyq kelisimdi jәne diny jetekshilerding dialogyn qoldaudy jýzege asyratyn bolady. Búl rette kelesi jyl­dyng mamyr aiynyng sonynda Astana qalasynda Álemdik jәne dәstýrli dinderding tórtinshi sezi ótetindigin atap ótken jón. Sezde talqylaugha úsynylatyn taqyryp - «Adamzattyng tandauy - beybitshilik jәne kelisim».

Elimiz tәuelsizdik alghannan keyingi jyldar­da túrghyndardyng diny sana-sezimi oyanyp, diny erekshelikterining janghyruy bastaldy. Búl rette memlekettik sayasattyng maqsaty qazaqstandyq qoghamdaghy diny sala ómirindegi túraqtylyq pen toleranttylyqty saqtau bolyp tabylady. Qazaqstan halqy eshqashan jelókpe diny senimge beyim bolghan joq, odan da góri ejelden-aq diny senimge tózimdilik jәne konfessiyaaralyq salada­ghy toleranttylyqqa jaqyndyghymen erekshelendi.

Solay bolsa túrsa da, qazirgi kezde Ortalyq Aziyada qalyptasqan diny ahualgha yqpal etui mýmkin diny kózqarastaghy aghymdardyng beleng aluy bayqala bastady. Múnday aghymdardyng óristeuine diny qaghidattardy tolyq týsinbeushi­lik, berik ómirlik tanymdardyng bolmauy, sony­men birge, azamattardyng sengishtik qasiyetteri qolayly jaghday jasauda. Al múnday keri diny aghymdardy  taratushylargha ózderining kózqaras­tarynan basqa senimdegi adamdargha, tipti bir senimdegi adamdardyng ózine tózimsizdik kórsetu minez-qúlqy tәn. Demogogiyagha qúrylghan fanatizm jәne iydeyagha degen soqyr senim, qataldyq jәne basqynshylyq minez-qúlyqtar - olardyng dýniyetanymynyng erekshelikteri, mine, osylar.

Islam qúndylyqtaryn nasihattaudy betperde qylyp alyp, olar ekstremistik iydeyalar­dy nasihattaydy: «islamdyq tәrtip» ýshin ký­reske shaqyratyn toptar qúrady, halyq mýddesi ýshin kýresetinder retinde ózderine imidj qa­lyptastyrady, basqa ekstremistik úiymdarmen tyghyz baylanys jasaydy jәne birigedi.

Túrghyndardyng diny senimderin saudagha sala jýrip, memlekettik instituttar  men diny úiymdar arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastaghy azda­ghan tәjiriybelerin paydalana otyryp, búl radikaldy toptar ózderining belgili bir mindetterin sheshuge tyrysady. Búl rette әngime Hizb-ut-Tahrir siyaqty jәne basqa diny úiymdar turaly bolyp otyr.

Olar óz qyzmetterin missionerlik jәne óz dinin kýshtep tanushylyq túrghyda óristetuge tyrysady. Radikaldardyng kriminaldyq ekstremistik qyzmetteri kóp rette sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq maqsattargha jetuge baghyttalghan. Sonymen birge, ózge aghymdargha tózimsizdik negizinde qúrylghan diny qyzmet óz kezeginde kez kelgen qoghamnyng ruhany qauipsizdigine, osy orayda belgili bir memlekettin  ghasyrlar boyghy dәstýrli dinine, onyng ishinde islam dinine de eleuli núqsan keltirui mýmkin.

Ekstremistik iydeyalardyng óristeuine eng aldymen intellektualdy túrghyda tosqauyl qoi kerek. Fanatizmge gumanitarlyq jәne din­tanushylyq ghylymdar salasyndaghy ghalym­dar­dyng kýshimen akademiyalyq negizde toytarys berilui kerek. Qazaqstan azamattary ekstremizm qaupi qiyal-ghajayyp emes ekendigin týsinuge tiyis jәne oghan qarsy memleketpen birge býkil qoghamnyng kýsh-jigeri baghyttaluy qajet. Bizding elimizdegi búl kelensiz qúbylysqa qarsy kýresting tiyimdiligi zang talaptarynyng qan­sha­lyq­ty berik jәne jýieli oryndaluyna bay­lanysty bolmaq.

- Diny ekstremizm men radikalizmning aldyn aludyng jәne oghan qarsy túrudyng tetikteri turaly aityp ótseniz.

- Memleketting diny mәselelerdi sheshu jәne konfessiyaaralyq ýnqatysudy saqtau mәselesin­de jýieli júmys jýrgizui arqasynda qoghamdaghy әleumettik diny tanymdy qalyptas­tyruda belgili bir immuniytet qalyptasyp, әleumettik jәne qúqyqtyq mәdeniyetti jýrgizuding iygi baghyttary qúrylady.

Bizding basty mindetimiz - Qazaqstandaghy diny úiymdardyng mentaliytetine bóten baghyttaghy aghymdardyng kirip ketuine yqpaldy tosqauyl qong. Eng bastysy, olardyng yqpalynan balalar­dy jәne jastardy qorghap qalu. Biz Qazaqstan ýshin dәstýrli din bolyp tabylatyn aghymdar turaly jastargha qajetti bilim beru, olardyng osy dinderge degen kózqarasyn qalyptastyru baghytynda jәne bizding respublikamyzdaghy diny senimderge jatpaytyn basqa dinderge berilip ketpeui ýshin túraqty týrde jýieli júmys jýrgizetin bolamyz.

Bizding basty maqsatymyz - óskeleng úrpaqqa - memleketimizding bolashaghyna ekstremistik baghyttaghy úiymdardyng yqpalyna týsip ketpeui ýshin jan-jaqty kómek kórsetu.

- Otandastarymyzdyng diny sauattyly­ghyn qalay jetildiruge jәne arttyrugha bolady?

- Ózining dinin jetik әri jaqsy biletin adam eshqashan búlynghyr aghymdaghy diny kózqaras­tar­gha erip ketpeydi. Áriyne, әrbir adamnyng tandau qúqy bar. Alayda, tandau jasau ýshin de adam neni tandaytyndyghyn bilui qajet. Sondyqtan aqparattyq bos kenistikti toltyru ýshin tek dintanushylar men  filosoftardy ghana tartyp qoymay, sonymen birge jurnalisterdi de keninen júmyldyru kerek.

Din - kýrdeli jәne kóp qyrly fenomen. Sondyqtan Qazaqstanda túrghyndardyng diny sauattylyghyn arttyru auaday qajet. «Din jýrgizuding negizderi» atty arnauly kurstyng mektep baghdarlamasyna engizilui de tegin emes. Diny sauattylyqty, tek din ghana beretin ruhani-adamgershilik qúndylyqtardy mektep parta­synan-aq úrpaq boyyna siniru qajet. Búl jas sanany ekstremizmning jәne ksenofobiyanyng ziyandy yqpaldarynan arashalau ýshin qajet.

- Jaqynda siz Qazaqstanda mólsherli islam konsepsiyasyn damytudy belgileu tu­ra­ly mәlimdediniz. Múny qalay týsinuge bo­lady?

- Fundamentaldy iydeyalardy kýsheytu kóptegen elderding dinge senushilerining arasynda keng oryn alghan. Búl aghymdardyng ókilderi kóp rette radikaldy baghyttardy ústanady. Olar­dyng óz iydeyalaryn jaqyndaryna, balalaryna, býkil qoghamgha taratugha degen qadamy da alan­daushylyq tughyzady. Sondyqtan biz Qazaq­stan­da radikaldy iydeyalargha әrtýrli balamalardy qarsy qoiygha tyrysamyz.

Shynayy din oghan senushilerdi qayyrym­dylyqqa tәrbiyeleydi, ziyandy qadamdar jasaugha tosqauyl qoyady, diny ekstremizmge qarsy belsendi jәne bitispes kýres jýrgizuge ýndeydi. Búl orayda qasiyetti Qúrannan jәne paygham­bary­myz Múhammedting ómirinen kóptegen my­sal­dar keltiruge bolady. Mәselen, Qúranda myna­nday ayat bar: «Biz senderdi ýnemi ortanghy baghytty ústanatyn qauymdastyq ettik. Óz kezeginde Múhammed payghambar bylay deydi: «Aqiqatynda din - jenildik. Endeshe dinge qatysty qarysyp qalmanyz, onda oghan degen seniminiz suyidy. Adamdardy dúrys baghytqa bastanyz, olardy jaqyndastyrynyz jәne soghan quanatyn bolynyz».

Islam - beybitshilik dini. Búl Qúranda kórinis tapqan. Yaghny ol «salam» degen úly úghymnan shyqqan, yaghni  tynyshtyq jәne beybitshilik tileu bolyp tabylady. Oghan qosa islam dinining beybitshilikke degen talpynysy onyng tek qana bir rudyn, taypanyn, últtyng nemese halyqtyng ghana dini emes, kerisinshe, Jaratushynyng barlyq adamdargha bir-birimen jaqyndasuy ýshin, bauyrlasuy ýshin, ózara tabysuy jәne sýiispenshiligi ýshin din retindegi algha tartqan qasiyetti úghymdarynan tanylady.

Islam dini eng alghashqy qalyptasu kezinen bastap Jaratushy aiqyndaghan shynayy joghary tanymdyq, erkindik jәne jalpygha birdey qayyrymdylyq iydeyaldaryn ornyqtyrghan adamgershilik iydeyalardy taratushy qasiyetti mindetterdi boyyna qalyptastyrdy.

- Qazirgi kezde islamda tórt  negizgi diniy-qúqyqtyq mektep - mazhab bar ekendigi belgili. Olar býkil әlemge taralghan. Nege bizding ata-babalarymyz islamnyng hanafittik mazhabyn ústanghan?

- Islamdaghy Qúdaygha qúlshylyq etushilik-qúqyqtyq ilimder tolyq belgilengen jәne qa­lyp­tasqan búl mazhabtardy taldaushy tanymal ghalymdardyng pikirleri músylman qoghamynyng barlyq qyrlaryn qamtidy. Qazaq jerine islam osydan on eki ghasyrdan astam uaqyt búryn keldi. Sodan beri bizding halqymyz Hanafy mazhab aghymyn ústanady. Islamnyng bir mazhabyn ús­ta­nugha degen ynta halyqtar ýshin  birlikti, tý­si­nis­tikti, úiymshyldyqty qalyptastyrady. Oghan birneshe ghasyrlar boyy Ortalyq Aziyada diny negizde eshqanday qaqtyghystardyn, tartys­tardyng jәne ózara jaulasushylyqtyng bolma­ghan­dyghy dәlel. Diny tanymdaghy birtektilik bas­qa teris úghymdardyng beleng aluyna jol bermeydi.

Sondyqtan bizding halqymyzdyng býgingi tandaghy ruhany qúndylyqtaryn arttyrudyng basty mindeti islam dinining bilikti jәne oily qaghidattaryn nasihattau, osy arqyly adal­dyqty, әdildikti, shynshyldyqty nasihattau arqyly elge, halyqqa degen sýiispenshilikti tәr­biyeley otyryp, ozyq dәstýrler men salttar­gha basqa halyqtar men dinderge degen qúrmetti qalyptastyru bolyp tabylady.

Birinshi mazhabtyng negizin qalaushy Abu Hanifa bolyp tabylady. Búl mazhab VIII ghasyrda Irak elinde bastau alghan. Abu Hanifa (kiyas) balamasy boyynsha tiyimdi ýrdisterdi payda­lana­tyn dәstýrdi qalyptastyrghan jәne qúqyq­tyq mәselelerdi sheshu kezinde (istihsan) dәs­týrine basymdyq bergen әdistemeni jasaushy alghashqy túlgha bolyp tabylady. Ol qúqyq bas­taularynyng negizining biri retinde (urf) salty normalaryn paydalanu mýmkindigin bekitti. Mazhabty jalghastyrushylardy hanifattar dep ataydy. Hanifattyq mazhabty jandandyru bizding qazirgi qoghamymyzda manyzdy bolyp tabylady. Búl rette, Qazaqstanda islamdy janghyrtu búdan búryn da, búdan keyin de bizding elimizde basqa dinderding erkin damuyna kedergi bolmaytyndyghyn atap kórsetu kerek. Tarih bizding ata-babalarymyzdyng hanafittik negizdegi sunitterge jaqyn bolghandyghyn dәleldeydi. Atap aitqanda, bizding ata-babamyz ózderining diny seniminde hanafittik mazhabtyng maturiy­diy mektebine iyek artqan. Maturidy mektebi - imam Abu Mansur әl-Maturidiyding ilimi bolyp tabylady. Ol 852 jyly Samarqandta tughan jәne osyndaghy Maturid oramynda ómir sýrgen. Osydan onyng esimindegi Maturidy tirkesi qalyptasqan. Úly oishyl, Ortalyq Aziyadaghy diny ilim mektebin qalyptastyrushy Ábu Mansur әl-Maturidy hanafittik mazhabty nyghaytty jәne sunittik diny tanymdar prinsiypin qarsylyq әreketterden qorghady.

Ókinishke qaray, ótken ghasyrda Qazaqstan músylmandary ózderining kóp jyldyq diny qúndylyqtarynan, onyng ishinde hanafittikten alystap qaldy. 1990 jyldary keybir dinge senushiler is jýzinde ózderining diny bastaulary­nan kóz jazdy. Sonyng saldarynan keybireuler ózderining ata-babasyna jat diny aghymdargha den qoyyp, islam dinining ilimi turaly sauatsyz­dyghynyng saldarynan «dәndi qauyzdan aiyra almay» qaldy. Sondyqtan býginde kýn tәrtibine islamdy, bizding elimizding músylmandary ara­synda dәstýrli aghymdy qayta janghyrtu mә­selesi qoyyldy. Búl rette dinning dәstýrli jaqtary ghana emes, sonymen birge onyng dýniyetanymdyq jәne adamnyng jan dýniyesine qatysty ruhany jaqtary basymdyqqa ie bolyp otyr. Biz dinge senushilerding nazaryn diny aghymdardyng tarihi-etnomәdeny sabaqtastyghyn jәne birlikke baghyttalghan ishki tanymyn qa­lyp­­tastyratyn jaqtaryna qaray audaramyz.

Hanafittik mazhabty qazirgi kezde plane­ta­myzdaghy músylman dinin ústaytyn halyqtyng jartysyna juyghy, onyng ishinde TMD elde­rin­degi músylmandardyng basym kópshiligi ústa­nady. Hanafittik mazhab basqa tanymgha degen tó­zimdilik, toleranttylyq qasiyetterimen erek­shelenedi, ol hristiandargha jәne iudeylerge týsinistikpen qaraydy. Býgingi kýni Qazaq­standaghy islamnyng hanafittik bagh­daryn ús­tanu­shylar túrghyndardyng 70 payyzyna juyghyn qúraydy. Biz ýshin әrqashan da islam dinin sayasat­tan­dyru jәne diny fanatizm jat bolyp keldi. Múnday qatynas barlyq dogmashylyqty joqqa shygharady.

- Sizding qazaq әielderining hiyd­jab kiii últtyq bolmysty joyatyn qadam ekendigi turaly kózqarasynyz belgili. Osy mәsele turaly kenirek aityp berseniz?

- Bizding últtyq mәdeniyetimiz qazaq halqynyng basqagha úqsamaytyn bol­mysyn qalyptastyrghan, onyng qún­dylyq baghdarlaryn aiqyndaghan ha­na­fittik mazhabtyng sunittik ba­ghy­tyn­daghy islammen ajyraghysyz bay­lanysta. Qazaqtyng úlan-ghayyr dala­syna taraghan sayyn islam últtyq dýniyetanymnyng jәne mәdeniyet­ting ajyraghysyz bóligine ainaldy. Kele-kele ol diny ýderisterding jәne qazaq dәstýri men saltynyng sintezine ainaldy. Búl rette bizge ózimizding islamdy qalay qabyl­daytynymyzgha úyaludyng qajeti joq, ol bizding mәdeniyetimizdi, dәstýrimiz ben mentaliytetimizdi eskere otyryp beyimdeldi, ol islamnyng shy­nayy qaghidattaryn ústana otyryp, tabighy týrde  óz erekshelikterin saqtaytyn bolady.

Tarihy shejirelerden jәne әdeby shyghar­ma­lardan belgili bolyp otyrghanday, qazaqtar ózderining qyzdaryn erkin ósirdi, olardy shash­taryn nemese betterin jauyp jýruge mәj­býrlegen joq. Qazaqtyng dәstýrli esimderining ózi bizding halyqtyng shash әdemiligine erekshe den qoyghanyn kórsetedi. Bizding halyq qyzdaryn Súlushash, Qarashash, Altynshash, Gýlshash dep ataghan. Qyzdaryna әdemilik pen súlulyqty tilegen halyq olargha: Botagóz, Ajar, Qyz Jibek, Bayansúlu, Kýnsúlu, Ásem, Qyrmyzy dep sazdy da ayauly esimder bergen. Bizding halqy­myzda qyzdar jigittermen aitysqa týsken, «Qyz quu» sayysynda shang qaptyryp, «Altybaqan» oiyndaryn qyzdyrghan.

Solay bola túrsa da búrynghy qazaq qo­ghamyn­da erler de, әielder de jyl mausym­da­ryna jәne túrmys jaghdayyna layyqtalghan dәstýrli bas kiyimder kiygen. Barlyq balalargha - úldargha da, qyzdargha da shashyn jappay jýruge rúqsat etilgen.

Boyjetkender jәne túrmysqa shyqpaghan qyz­dar kóp rette qúndyzben kómkerilgen bórik nemese oymen әdiptelgen taqiya kiygen.

Áyelder qazaqtyng dәstýrli ghúrpyna say oramal tartatyn. Jasy kelgen әielder men әje­lerimiz oqaly kiymeshek kiyetin. Qalyndyqtar qol ónerining ozyq ýlgilerimen kómkerilgen bas kiyim - sәukele kiygen.

Qazaq halqynda әielderding betterin tolyq jauyp jýretin dәstýr eshqashan bolghan emes. Qazaq әielderi kýndelikti túrmysynda bet-jýzin túmshalap kórgen joq. Qazaq әielderi eshqashan qaranghylyq qapasqa qamalyp nemese erlerining rúqsatynsyz basqalarmen sóilesu qúqynan aiyrylyp kórgen emes.

Betterin túmshalap jýru dәstýri - qazaq saharasynda mýldem bolmaghan qúbylys. Býgingi tandaghy hidjab turaly týsiniksiz úghymdargha, bizding ishimizge kirip ketken jat mәdeniyet pen iydeologiyanyng kórinisterine bizding halqymyz ústanghan dәstýrli islam ghúrpy ghana qarsy túra alady. Qazaqtyng nәrli de qasiyetti bay tilinde «hidjab» degen úghym mýlde joq. Sonda nemene bizding ata-babamyz hidjab degen úghymdy týsinbegen be?! Bizding ata-babamyz qasiyetti Qúran kitabynda «hidjab» sózining әielderding kiyimine qatysty aitylmaghandyghyn anyq bilgen. Qúranda hidjab sózining maghynasy - qorshau, býrkeu, bólu, shymyldyq, perde úghymynda beriledi.

Qasiyetti Qúranda «hidjab» sózi bar bolgha­ny tórt ret qana paydalanylghan. Atap aitqan­da, «әl-Ághraf» sýresining 46-ayatynda: «Olar­dyng (Júmaq pen tozaqtyn) arasynda hidjab (qorshau) bolady» delinse, «Fussylat» sýre­sining 5-ayatynda: «Olar (әli islam dinin qabyldamaghan Mekke túrghyndary) bylay deydi (Payghambarymyz Múhammedke): «Bizding jýregimiz sen bizdi shaqyrghan ýndeuler ýshin jabyq, bizding qúlaghymyz taskereng bolyp qaldy, senimen bizding aramyzda - hidjab (shymyldyq) ornaghan. Enbek etsenshi jәne biz de enbektenetin bolamyz». Ash-Shura sýresining 51-ayatynda: «Adam Allanyng onymen  ashyq týrde nemese hidjab (býrkeu), (shymyldyq) arqyly sóilesuine layyqty emes. Nemese Ol (Alla) jaushy jiberu arqyly Ol ózi qalaytyn ashyq әngimege Onyng ózi qalaytyn dәrejede sóilesuge ghana mýmkindigi bar».

«Ál-Ahzab» sýresining 53-ayatynda «Eger siz olardan (Payghambarymyzdyng әielderinen) әldebir әbzel súraytyn bolsanyz, tek qana olardan hidjab (perde), (qalqa) arqyly ghana súranyz» delingen.

Mine, biz kórip otyrghanday, Qúrannyng búl ayattarynda «hidjab» sózining әielderding betin oramalmen túmshalau úghymymen eshqanday baylanysy joq.

Mine, osy mәselelerdi jan-jaqty aita kelip, bótenning salt-dәstýrine, bóten mәde­niyetke, atap aitqanda, arab ghúrpyna kózsiz kóshirme jasaugha bolmaydy. Osy orayda qazaq halqy ózining birligine, tatulyghy men tútas­tyghyna ata-babamyzdyng dәstýrli dini men әdet-ghúrpyn berik ústau arqyly qol jetkize alatyndyghyn esten shygharmauymyz kerek.

- Saliqaly әngimeniz ýshin rahmet.

Ángimelesken  Jylqybay JAGhYPARÚLY.

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