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Qúiylsyn kóshing 9512 13 pikir 3 Nauryz, 2020 saghat 16:10

Qytaydaghy qazaqtar jәne kóshi-qonnyng kelesi kezeni

2010 jylghy jalpy halyq sanaghynda QHR-daghy qazaqtardyng jalpy sany 1.64 mln bolghan, qazir 2 mln-gha jaqyndasa kerek. Olar Ile, Altay, Tarbaghatay aimaqtarynan qúram tapqan Ile qazaq avtonomiyaly oblysy, Sanjy heyzu (dungani) avtonomiyaly oblysy, Barkól jәne Mory qazaq avtonomiyaly audany men Gansu provinsiyasynyng Aqsay qazaq avtonomiyaly audanynda ómir sýredi.

Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng basym kóp sandysy auyl sharauashylyghy jәne mal sharuashylyghymen shúghyldanady. Olar egistik jәne jayylym jerlerdi zang boyynsha 49 jylgha paydalanugha alghan. Songhy 40 jylda Qytaydyng ekonomikalyq órleuine baylanysty ondaghy qazaqtardyng da әleumettik jaghdayy men túrmystyq dengeyi birshama jaqsardy. Qytaydaghy ekonomikalyq reformalar men ashyq esik sayasatynyng arqasynda, ondaghy qazaqtar arasynan kәsipkerlikpen, saudamen shúghyldanatyndar shyqty. Olardyng ishinde Shynjanda ghana emes, Qytaydyng ishki iri qalalarynda kәsibin dóngeletip otyrghan jastar bar.

QKP OK qazir ekologiyalyq ortany qalpyna keltiru sayasatyn pәrmendi jýrgizude. Sonymen olar ormandy, jayylymdy sauyqtyru – degen nauqan bastap, kezinde zandy týrde qazaq malshylargha paydalanugha bergen jayylym jerlerdi qaytaryp alu, jaylaugha mal shygharmau sharalaryn qoldanuda. Sonday-aq, qazaqtar qonystanghan shúrayly jaylaulardy memleket qaytaryp alyp turistik oryndar ashyp, qazaqtardy tirshilik qaynarynan aiyrdy. Óitkeni ýkimetting turizmdy damytugha bólingen orasan zor qarjysy jergilikti túrghyndargha tiymeydi, ony ishki Qytaydan kelgen  kәsipkerler jemqorlyq jolmen iyelenedi.

Qazir Qytayda sharua qojalyqtaryn irilendiru ýderisi jýrip jatyr. Soghan baylanysty jerding baghasy kóterildi, sonymen jer men mal qaltaly qytay kәsipkerlerining qolyna birtindep óte bastady. Múnyng saldarynan tek memleketting eng tómengi kýnkóris jәrdemaqysyna sýienip jan baghatyn qandastarymyz payda boldy. Búdan bylay auyldaghy qandastardyng jaghdayy tipti de qiyn bolatyn týri bar. 

2016 jyldan beri Shynjanda jergilikti últtargha baghyttalghan sayasy qysym jýrgizilude. Qazir ishinara ónirlerde qysym sәl júmsarghanymen, ol sayasatyng toqtaytyn týri joq. Kerisinshe, QKP Chjunhua últyn (中华民族) qalyptastyru strategiyalyq sayasatyn jýzege asyru ýshin kýshtep assimiliyasialaudy qarqyndy jýrgizude. Qazaq, úighyr tilindegi mektepterdi jauyp, tek memlekettik til – qytay tilinde bilim berudi jәne túrmysta qoldanudy qatang talap etude. Shynjandaghy býkil eldi mekenderden tegin balabaqsha ashyp, 2 jastan joghary balalardy barugha mindettedi. Tәlim-tәrbie tek qytay tilinde jýrgiledi. Sonymen qatar músylmandardyng dәstýrli islam dinin ústanuyna qatang shekteu qoydy. Búl ýrdis endi 10-15 jyl jalghassa, últtyq til men mәdeniyet, dәstýr men islamdyq senim-nanym joyylatyny sózsiz. Búl qaterdi sezgen qandastarymyz elge qaytayyn dese, jergilikti oryndardan әrtýrli kedergilerge úshyrauda. 

Qytaydaghy qandastarymyzdyng auyr jaghdayyna baylanysty, olardyng otangha oraltu jóninde tómendegi úsynysty aitqymyz keledi:  

Birinshi, halyqaralyq tәjiriybelerdi eskere otyryp, QHR-daghy qandastarymyzdy birden kóshi-qon shaqyrtuymen kóshirip alu jóninde ýkimetaralyq kelisim jasalsa. Búl mәseleni týpkilikti sheshuding útymdy joly. Búghan kelisuge QHR-dyng jaghdayy mәjbýrleydi. Qazir QHR men AQSh arasyndaghy sauda soghysynyng shiylenisuine baylanysty Qytaydyng energetika, jasyl auyl-sharuashylyq ónimderine súranysy arta týsude. Búl súranysty Qazaqstannan sheshuge mýddeli. Eki el arasyn eki temir jol jelisi men Batys Qytay – Batys Evropa magistraldy joly jalghap jatyr.

Qytaydyng Orta Shyghystan teniz arqyly tasymaldaytyn múnay jolynyng 4 baghyty da AQSh bastaghan batys elderining tolyq baqylauynda túrghandyqtan, qúrlyqtaghy kólik tasymalyna kóbirek sýienuge mәjbúr. Bizding qolymyzdaghy kóp kózirding biri osy. Sondyqtan diplomattarymyz osynday jaghdaydy paydalana otyryp, QHR ýkimetin ondaghy qandastarymyzdy elge jiberu jóninde Kelisimshart jasaugha kóndiruge bolady.  Qytayda memlekettik qyzmetkerler, múghalimder óz erkimen júmystan bas tarta almaydy. Demek, olar qyzmetin tastap elge kele almaydy. Sondyqtan olargha eki elding birlesken kәsiporyndarynyng shaqyrtuyn jiberu arqyly, ondaghy qyzmetin auystyrugha mýmkindik beruge bolar edi. Búl ótken 90 jyldardaghy Mongholiyadan enbek shartymen júmys qolyn tartuday óz tәjiriybemizde de  bolghan tәsil. 

Ekinshi, Qazaqstan men Qytay da Vena, Jeneva, Helisinky kelisimderine qol qoyghan. Búl kelisimder de bólinip-jarylghan otbasylardyng qalaghan eline kóship baryp, qonystanu qúqyghy qarastyrylghan. Tәuelsizdikten beri Qytaydan 300 myngha juyq qazaq elimizge kóship keldi. Osy adamdardyng bәrining tughan tuystary, tipti otbasy mýsheleri týrli sebeptermen Qytayda qalyp qoydy, olardyng bir-birine erkin kelip-ketuine, qalaghan elinde otbasymen birge túruyna qaqy bar. Sondyqtan ýkimetaralyq kelissózderde, diplomattarymyz Qytay tarapymen kóshi-qon, tuysshylau, oqu, enbek jәne turistik vizalardy zandy týrde bir jýiede beru Kelisimshartyn jasasyn. Óitkeni qazir Qytaydyng әr jeri әrtýrli talaptar qoyyp, syltau aityp elimizge keleyin degen qandastargha tólqújat bermeydi, әkimshilik kedergiler jasaydy. 

Ýshinshi, Qytayda kóp jyl jýrgizilgen «bir otbasy - bir bala» sayasaty qaladaghy qazaqtargha qatty әser etti. Qala qazaqtary jalghyz balasynyng qytaylasyp ketuinen qatty alandaydy. Olar bar jighan-tergenin júmsap, balalaryn Qazaqstanda oqytqysy keledi. Biraq búl balalar elge kelgen song tilden qinalady. Sondyqtan QR BGh ministrligi jogharghy oqu oryndaryndaghy dayyndyq kurstaryn keneytip, arnayy oqu baghdarlamasyn qabyldap, ana tilinen aiyrylghan qazaqtyng mektep oqushylaryn oqytugha arnalghan jazdyq kurstar ashyp, ony sayahat, sport, óner jarystarymen úshtastyryp, jas úrpaqa últtyq sanany siniretin bolsa, núr ústine núr bolar edi.

Tórtinshi, Qytaylar ejelden halyqaralyq qarym-qatynasta túlghalar men diplomattardyng jeke bastyq qarym-qatynasyna basa mәn beredi. Ózara syilastyq pen dostyq memleketting keybir sayasattaryna yqpal etedi. Búl syilastyqtyng ýlgisin Elbasymyz qytaydyng ýsh buyn basshysymen qarym-qatynasta kórsetip keledi. Qytay tilin jettik biletin, Singapurda, Qytayda elshi bolghan, kәsiby diplomat, qazirgi Preziydentimiz búl ýrdisti jogharghy dengeyde jalghastyratynyna senimimiz kәmil. Amerikanyng eks-memlekettik hatshysy Kissindjir myrza jeke túlgha retinde Qytay-Amerika daghdarysyn talay tyghyryqtan alyp shyqty. Sol ýshin Elimizdegi «Otandastar» qory,  Dýniyejýzi qazaqtar qauymdastyghy, Qazaqstan halyqtar assambleyasy siyaqty qoghamdyq úiymdar men jazushylar, suretshiler, kinomatografistter odaghy qatarly shygharmashylyq úiymdardy Qytaydyng taqylettes úiymdarymen «Bir beldeu - bir jol» jobasy ayasynda halyqtyq diplomatiyany damytyp, Qytay biyligine olardyng óz ekspertteri arqyly yqpal jasap, eki elding tatu kórshilik yntymaqtastyghyn ortaq saqtau ýshin júmys jasau qajet dep sanaymyz.

Besinshi, Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng 5 qúryltayynan keyin Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng jarlyghymen sheteldegi qandastardy qoldau maqsatynda «Otandastar» qory qúryldy. Qor qandastardy týrli baghyttaghy qoldaudyng joba-josparlaryn jasap, óz júmystaryn bastap ketti. Dýniyejýzi qazaqtary qauymdastyghymen birge sheteldegi qazaqtarmen qarym-qatynastar ornatyp, qandastarmen mәdeny baylanys jasaytyn «Abay» mәdeny ortalyqtaryn ashuda. Dýniyejýzi qazaqtar qauymdastyghynyng kóptegen elderde qazaqtarmen baylanys ortalyqtary bar. Qazirshe múnday ortalyq Qytayda joq. Sondyqtan, Qytaydaghy qazaqtar ornalasqan ShÚAR ortalyghy Ýrimji qalasyndaghy QR Tólqújat-vizalyq qyzmeti janynan «Otandastar qorynyn» bólimshesin ashyp, Qytaydaghy qazaqtarmen mәdeni-ekonomikalyq qarym-qatynasty kýsheytudi úsynamyz.  Osy baghytta bizding birlestik dәnekerlik ról atqarugha dayyn. 

Altynshy, Elge oralyp, QR azamattyghyn alghan qandastarymyzdyng Qytaygha barugha qoyylghan vizalyq kedergilerdi joi kerek. QHR-nan kelip QR azamattyghyn alghan adamdargha búryn Qytay Konsuldyghy eshqanday shaqyrtusyz toptyq jәne jeke viza ashatyn. Ýsh jyldan beri Qytayda tughan QR azamattaryna toptyq vizany toqtatty, jeke vizany tek Qytaydaghy tike tuysqandarynan tuystyq qatynasyn anyqtaytyn anyqtamasy boyynsha ashady. Búl anyqtama (shaqyru) oblys ortalyghynyng rastauynan ótetindikten kóptegen qandastarymyz ony ala almaydy. Kóptegen kóship kelgen qandastardyng Qytayda tike tuystary qalmady. Sonymen olar Qytaygha viza ala almauda. Sondyqtan QR Syrtqy ister ministrligi Qytay tarapymen kelissózder jýrgizip, QR azamattaryn Qytayda tughan jәne Qazaqstanda tughan dep bólmey, kemsitpey, bәrine bir tәrtip boyynsha Qytaygha  toptyq, jeke, elektrondy viza beruge kóndiruin úsynamyz. 

Jetinshi, Qytay әlemde sauda salasynda bay-kedey, ýlken-kishi demesten, barlyq elmen ong salido qalyptastyryp otyr. Aramyzda 4 keden, eki temir jol jelisi jalghap otyrghan bizben de keden qyzmetinde kóptegen tensizdikter bar. Olardyng tauarlary 15% keden salyghy, 12% QQS salynghannan keyin elimizge kele beredi. Al bizding tauarlarymyzgha qabat-qabat salyq, sanitarlyq-vinitarlyq kedergiler qoyyp tastaghan. Auyl sharuashylyq jәne mal sharuashylyq ónimderining kiruine kvota qoyyp tastaghan.  Osy túrghydan elimiz qatysty mekemelerden arnayy komissiya jasaqtap, saudadaghy osy tensizdikti jondy súraymyz. 

Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng aralasuy, elimiz Syrtqy ister ministrligining kelissózderi, parlament mýsheleri men sayasy qayratkerlerding ýndeui, baspasóz ben qoghamdyq úiymdardyng atsalysuy arqasynda Qytaydaghy qandastarymyzdyng jaghdayy birshama onaldy. Sayasy ýirenu ortalyghynda kirgenderding 90 payyzy otbasyna oraldy. Elimizge tuysshylap, kóship kelushilerding qarasy kóbeydi. Demek, qazaq kóshining jana bir kezeni bastalu aldynda túr. Osy kóshting óz arnasyna týsip, kedergisiz damuy ýshin birneshe úsynystarymyzdy aita keteyik. 

- QR Kóshi-qon zany boyynsha Qazaqstanda 183 kýn túrmaghan yqtiyarhat iyeleri, oralman kuәligining merzimi ótip ketkender  Qazaqstan azamattyghyna ótinish bere almaydy. Osy mәsele jóninde biylghy jyldyng 16 nauryzyndaghy Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng jarlyghy boyynsha osy sanattaghy qandastargha jyl sonyna deyin jenildik berildi. Biraq, Almaty jәne Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystarynda týrli әkimshilik burokratiyalyq kedergilerding kesirinen kóptegen qandastarymyz azamattyq ala almay otyr. Áne-mine degenshe jyl sony da bolady, qandastarymyzdyng jana legi keledi. Jana mәseleler tuyndaydy. Bolashaq 2020 jyldy eskerip, aldyn alu sharalaryn qoldanularynyzdy súraymyz. 

- Qazir elimizding soltýstiktegi 5 oblysy men batysyndaghy 2 oblysqa qandastar kóship barsa memleketting qoldauyna ie bolady. Memleket belgilegen  oblystarda kәsipkerlikpen ainalystatyn qandastargha salyqtan jenildikter jasalsa, elimizge kelip bilim alghan jastardan auyl-audan әkimderin taghayyndasa  osy ónirlerge qonys audaratyn qandastardyng qarasy anaqúrlym artar edi.

- Jana kóship kelgen qandastarymyz tilden, jazudan qinalady. Sonymen jana ortagha tez beyimdele almaydy. Sondyqtan әr oblystaghy beyimdeu ortalyqtarynyng kólemin keneytip, til ýiretetin, jazu ýiretetin, qolóner, tiginshilik, kólik jýrgizudi ýiretetin kurstardy kóbirek ashsa. 

- QR «Kóshi-qon» turaly zanyn jazghanda qandastarymyz ornalasqan elderding kóshi-qon jәne basqa da zandaryn tolyq zerttep, bizding kóshi-qon turaly zanymyzdyng qandastargha berer mýmkindigi búrynghy túrghan elderining zandary qandastarymyzgha kedergilerinen ainalyp ótetindey jol ashsa.

- Qandastarymyz QR azamattyghyn alghanda jeke kuәliginde tughan jeri jazylady. Búl qandastarymyz QR azamattyghyn alsa da týrli kedergilerge alyp keledi. Tughan jeri jeke kuәliginde jazylmasa da kez-kelgen túlghanyng barlyq mәlimeti elektorndy ýkimet bazasyna tolyq kiredi. Sondyqtan jeke kuәlikke tughan jerin jazudyng qajettiligi tua bermeydi. Shetelden kelgen qandastardyng tughan jerine túraqty tirkelip, QR azamattyghyna qújat tapsyrghan mekenjayyn jazugha da bolady. Búl tәjiriybe batys elderinde qoldanylady. 

- Elimizge kelip bilim alatyn oqushylar men studentterden búrynghy túrghan elderindegi oqu ýlgerimi turaly anyqtama (transkript) talap etiledi. Qytay eli qazir mektep bitirushilerge tek diplom ghana berip, transkripterin bermeydi. Sol ýshin eki el arasyndaghy bilim salasyndaghy selbestikti paydalana otyryp, transkript siyaqty qosymsha qaghazdardy elimizding Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi arqyly mektepter men jogharghy oqu oryndary ózderi Qytay tarapyna súrau salsa, óitkeni qazirgi kezde Qytayda bilim jýiesi tolyqtay sandyq jýiege kóshken. QHR Bilim ministrligining bazasynda oqushylar men týlekterding barlyq mәlimetteri saqtalghan. Búghan jeke azamattardyng qol jetkizuine qaraghanda ministrlikting mýmkindigi zor. 

- Kóshi-qon baghdarlamalaryn, kóshting jalpy barysyn, memleketting tiyimdi sayasattaryn, memleket belgilegen ónirlerding jalpy jaghdayyn tolyqqandy tanystyratyn materiyaldar barlyq aqparat qúraldarynda ýnemi berilip, osy baghyttaghy jobalargha memleketten qoldau bolsa. 

- Qytaydan kelgen qandastar bir partiyaly biylik ýstemdik qúrghan, aqparat jaghynan jabyq elde ómir sýrip kelgen. Elge kelgen song týrli aqparat tasqynynda shyn aqparat pen jalghan aqparatty ajyrata almay, feyk aqparattardyng jeteginde ketip jatady. Osy jaghyn eskere otyryp, qandastargha  elimizding ishki-syrtqy sayasattaryn nәsihattaytyn, zan-týzimin týsindiretin arnauly baghdarlamalar jasalyp, júmys istep jatqan gazet-jurnaldar men sayttargha, tele arnalar men radiolargha qarjy bólip, mindetter jýktelse deymiz. 

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