Partiyalyq tizim, 30% kvota jәne sayasy qúldyq

Keshe Mәjiliste “Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy saylaular” jәne ”Sayasy partiyalar turaly" eki zang jobasy maqúldandy. Jobalar әli zang bolyp bekitilmey jatyp spiyker N.Nyghmatullin olardy әielder men jastardyng sayasatta jolyn ashady jәne “býkil sayasy jýieni modernizasiyalaugha serpin beredi” dep sipattady. Zang jobalaryn әzirlegen Ádilet ministri M.Beketaev karantinge qaramay ózgeristerdi talqylaugha belsendi qatysqan keybir Últtyq kenes mýsheleri men ýkimettik emes úiym ókilderine alghys aitty. Plenarlyq otyrysqa qatysqan 78 deputat dәstýr boyynsha birauyzdan maqúldap, eki zang jobasyn Senatqa joldap tastady.

Kesheden beri biylikshil “sarapshylar” men blogerler eki “demokratiyalyq ózgeristi” maqtap jatyr. Birinshisi – sayasy partiyalardy tirkeu ýshin mýsheler sanyn 40 mynnan 20 myngha tómendetu. Búl “ózgeriske” sóz arnaudyng ózi obal. Sol sebepti kommentsiz qaldyramyn. Ekinshisi – sayasy partiyalardyng deputat boludan ýmitti adamdary tiziminde әielder men jastardyng ýlesi 30% boluy tiyis. Búl kelesi jyldan bastap Mәjilistegi deputtardyng 30%-in 29 jasqa deyingi azamattar men әielder qúraydy degen sóz emes. Óitkeni 30% kvota partiyalardy Ortalyq saylau komissiyasy saylaualdy tirkeytin kezde ghana qadaghalanady jәne kvotany saylaudan keyin mandat bólude eskeru - eskermeu partiyanyng óz erkinde. Sonday-aq partiya tizimindegi 30%-ting 29%-i jastar 1%-i әielder nemese kerisinshe bolady ma, әlde on beste on bes bola ma - ony partiyanyng ózi sheshedi.

Búl eki ózgeris sayasy reformanyng imitasiyasy ghana emes, Núr Otanmen nemese Núr Otannyng sputnik partiyalarymen baylanyspay sayasatqa aralasqysy keletin azamattar ýshin sayasy qúldyqty zang jýzinde bekitu. Ne ýshin sayasy qúldyq dep otyrghanymdy AQSh-tyng sayasy tarihyndaghy “3/5 kompromissi” arqyly týsindirip kóreyin.

1787 jyly AQSh-ta konstitusiyany qabyldar aldynda soltýstik jәne ontýstik shtattardyng arasynda federaldyq ókimetke salyq tóleudi jәne Qauymdar palatasyndaghy ókilderding sanyn esepteu boyynsha dau tuady. Soltýstik shtattar erkin azamattardy ghana sanyn esepteu әdil bolady degen ústanymda bolady. Al qúl iyelenushi ontýstik shtattar qúldardy esepten syzyp tastau dúrys emes dep shyghady.

Qúldardy esepke qosu ontýstik shtattargha Qauymdar palatasyna kóbirek óz ókilderin ótkizu arqyly federaldy ókimet dengeyinde sayasy dominant bolugha mýmkindik berer edi. “ijandardyn” oiyn jaqsy týsingen “severyaninder” onda salyq tóleytin kezde de qúldardy esepke alamyz dep shyghady. Biraz tartystan keyin ekijaq kelisimge keledi. Ol 3/5 kompromissi dep atalady. Yaghni, 5 qúldy 3 erkin adamgha teng dep esepteudi qolgha alady. Búl kompromiss AQSh konstitusiyasynyng 1–babynyng 2-tarmaghyndaghy 3-punkt retinde bekitiledi.

AQSh-ta qara nәsildi azamattar ýshin sayasy qúldyqty bekitken búl tarmaq 1868 jyly 14-tolyqtyru engizilgenge deyin bir ghasyrgha juyq kýshinde boldy. 3/5 kompromissi kýshin joyghannan keyin de sayasy qúldyqtyng rahatyn kórip ýirenip qalghan ontýstik shtattar jergilikti (shtat) dengeyinde óz konstitusiyasy arqyly qara nәsildi azamattardyng dauys beru qúqyghyn tolyq paydalanugha, sayasatqa belsendi aralasuyna 1960 jj. azamattyq qozghalysqa deyin kedergi keltirip keledi. Osylaysha 1787 jylghy 3/5 kompromissi 179 jylgha juyq uaqyt boyy qara nәsildi azamattardy zang arqyly sayasy qúldyqtyng qúrbany etti. Olardy óz elinde ekinshi sortty azamat etti. 3/5 kompromissining arqasynda ontýstik shtattar birneshe preziydent, senat jәne qauymdar palatasyna saylau kezinde basymdyqqa ie boldy.

Bizding jaghdayymyzda 1787-1960 jj. AQSh-ta sayasy ýstemdikke ie bolghan ontýstik shtattardyng rólin Núr Otan men onyng sputnik partiyalary oinauy mýmkin. Yaghni, Mәjilis jәne mәslihat arqyly sayasatqa aralasqyng kelse, Núr Otannyng praymeriyzine qatysyp, onyng partiyalyq tizimine ótip, saylaudan keyin qolyna mandat tiyetindey “núr” jausa ghana deputat bolasyng degen sóz. Ol “núrdyn” jauuyna 30% kvota eshqanday ról oinamauy da mýmkin. Núr Otanmen baylanysqyng kelmese, biylikshil Aqjol men KNPK-ny nemese aldaghy parlament saylauynda deputattyq mandattan dәmeli "Auyl" partiyasyn jaghalauyng kerek. Basqa amal da, tandau da joq.

Sondyqtan Qazaqstan azamattary ýshin sayasy qúldyqty ornatqan proporsionaldy saylau jýiesin majoritarlyq jýiege almastyrmaytyn "ózgeristerdin" kók tiyngha keregi joq. Qazaqstan azamattary ýshin bar keregi – olardyng QR Konstitusiyasynyng 33-babynyng 2-tarmaghynda jazylghan qúqyqyghyn paydalanugha biylik absurd reformalar arqyly kedergi jasamasa boldy. Yaghni, biylik azamattardyng saylau jәne saylanu turaly konstitusiyalyq qúqyghyn ayaqqa taptamasa boldy. Majoritarlyq jýie arqyly azamattar óz ókilderin mәslihattar pen parlamentke saylap alady jәne olardan jauapkershilikti tikeley talap etetin bolady. Biylik ókilderinen azamattyq qogham kóp nәrse súrap otyrghan joq. Olar tek ashyq әri әdil saylau ótkizip berse, sonyng ózi demokratiyagha qaray jýruimizge birshama ong әser eter edi.

Al qazirgi sayasy rejimning "reformatorlary" saylau jәne partiyalar turaly zangha kýlkili ózgerister engizuden ary asa almaydy. Óitkeni olar sayasy bәseke men ashyq saylaudan ólerdey qorqady.

PS. “Respublika azamattarynyng memlekettik organdar men jergilikti ózin-ózi basqaru organdaryn saylaugha jәne olargha saylanugha, sonday-aq respublikalyq referendumgha qatysugha qúqyghy bar.“(QR Konstitusiyasynyng 33-babynyng 2-tarmaghy).

Shalqar Núrseyitov 

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