Maqta qaydan kelgen?
XVI ghasyrda aghylshynnyng bir sayahatshysy Ýndistanda jýrip, alystan alasalau bir ósimdikting basynda kýn kózimen shaghylysyp agharyp túrghan bir zatty kóredi. Alghashqy kezde búl ýndilerding tolyp jatqan yrymdarynyng biri shyghar dep oilap qalghan sayahatshy jaqyndap kelgende ósimdik basynda ósip túrghan appaq biyazy týbitti kórip, tan-tamasha bolady.
Eline qaytyp oralghan sayahatshy kórgenderin týgin qaldyrmay otandastaryna jyrday etip aityp beredi, biraq sendire almaydy.
Sonda bir toghyshar:
– Mýmkin siz kýndi qolymen ústadym deytin shy¬gharsyz, – dep kelemej qylady. Búlardyng nadandy¬ghyna sonshalyqty qynjylghan sayahatshy maqtanyng bir gýl shanaghyn jәne odan jasalghan maqtany kórsetkende ghana olar sengen kórinedi. Europalyqtar alghash maqta ósimdigimen osylaysha tanysady.
Qazirgi Iran, Aughanstan memleketteri jәne Tә¬jikstan, Týrkimenstan, Ózbekstan respublikalary orna¬lasqan Ortalyq Aziya jerinde aghash tektes maqta emes, shóptesin maqta ósiriledi.

Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy maqta ósiretin respublikadaghy birden-bir aimaq, óitkeni osynda ghana maqtany ósiru ýshin qolayly klimattyq jaghdaydyn, suarmaly jerding jәne su men enbek resurstarynyng boluy eginshilikting nәtiyjeliligine alghyshart bolyp tabylady. Ótken jýzjyl¬dyq¬tyng basynan beri ghana qolgha alynyp, egilip kele jatqanyna qaramastan maqta sharuashy¬ly¬ghy ónirding dәstýr¬li sharua¬shy¬lyghyna ainalyp ýlgerdi.

Maqta qaydan kelgen?
XVI ghasyrda aghylshynnyng bir sayahatshysy Ýndistanda jýrip, alystan alasalau bir ósimdikting basynda kýn kózimen shaghylysyp agharyp túrghan bir zatty kóredi. Alghashqy kezde búl ýndilerding tolyp jatqan yrymdarynyng biri shyghar dep oilap qalghan sayahatshy jaqyndap kelgende ósimdik basynda ósip túrghan appaq biyazy týbitti kórip, tan-tamasha bolady.
Eline qaytyp oralghan sayahatshy kórgenderin týgin qaldyrmay otandastaryna jyrday etip aityp beredi, biraq sendire almaydy.
Sonda bir toghyshar:
– Mýmkin siz kýndi qolymen ústadym deytin shy¬gharsyz, – dep kelemej qylady. Búlardyng nadandy¬ghyna sonshalyqty qynjylghan sayahatshy maqtanyng bir gýl shanaghyn jәne odan jasalghan maqtany kórsetkende ghana olar sengen kórinedi. Europalyqtar alghash maqta ósimdigimen osylaysha tanysady.
Qazirgi Iran, Aughanstan memleketteri jәne Tә¬jikstan, Týrkimenstan, Ózbekstan respublikalary orna¬lasqan Ortalyq Aziya jerinde aghash tektes maqta emes, shóptesin maqta ósiriledi.

Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy maqta ósiretin respublikadaghy birden-bir aimaq, óitkeni osynda ghana maqtany ósiru ýshin qolayly klimattyq jaghdaydyn, suarmaly jerding jәne su men enbek resurstarynyng boluy eginshilikting nәtiyjeliligine alghyshart bolyp tabylady. Ótken jýzjyl¬dyq¬tyng basynan beri ghana qolgha alynyp, egilip kele jatqanyna qaramastan maqta sharuashy¬ly¬ghy ónirding dәstýr¬li sharua¬shy¬lyghyna ainalyp ýlgerdi.
Songhy kezderi “aq alty¬nymyz¬dyn” manyzy men qadir-qasiyeti jo¬gha¬lyp bara jatqan siyaqty. Oblys¬taghy maqta egis¬tigining kólemi de, óndiris kólemi de, maqtanyng sapasy da, tipti eginshi halyqtyng maqta óndi¬ruge degen yqylasy da tómendeude. “Maqta – el baylyghy” dep jýrgen maq¬tashylardyng manday teri men er¬en enbegi aqtalyp jatqan joq. Jyl boyy egistik alqabynda tynbay enbek etken maqtashylar kýz kelgende maqtanyng tonnasyn qabyldau punktterine enbegine tatymay¬tyn nebәri 50-60 myng tengege ótkizip keledi. Sonda uaqyty men enbegin ysyrap etken diqan sorlamay kim sorlasyn? Sta¬tiys¬tikagha sýiensek, eldegi maqta óndiru 2005 jyly 462 myng tonna, 2006 jyly 435 myng tonna, 2007 jyly 441 myng tonna qúrasa, 2008 jyly 312-aq myng tonnany qúraghan. Osy kór¬setkishten-aq maqta sharua¬shylyghynyng qúldyrap bara jatqanyn angharu qiyn emes.
Oblystaghy maqta óndiretin 15 au¬dannyng ishindegi “maqtaly ólke” sa¬nalatyn Maqtaral audanyn erekshe atap ótken jón. Oblystaghy maqta óndirisi kólemining eleuli bóligi osy audannyng ýlesinde.
Ózim maqtaraldyq bolghandyqtan maqta sharuashylyghynyng damuyn tejep otyrghan ózekti mәseleler meni de qatty tolghandyrady. Sonau Kenes Oda¬ghy jyldary sharuashylyqtyng “jan¬dan¬ghan” audandary sanalghan osy aimaqta gektaryna 25-30 sentnerden ónim alyp otyrsa, qazir ol kórsetkish 20 sentnerge әreng jetedi. Onyng sebebin maqta ósiruge eng qajetti sudyn, tehnikanyng jәne qarjynyng tapshy¬lyghymen týsindiruge bolady. “Neni ekseng – sony orasyn” demekshi, maq¬tashylardyng baghasy 90-100 myng tenge kólemindegi sapaly túqymdyq shitke qarjysy jetpey jatady. Arzan shitti túqymdyghyn ekkendikten sapasy tómen maqta alatyny aidan anyq. Bizding audanda taghy bir mәsele – su tap¬shylyghy. Jaz ailarynda maqta alqaby mardymsyz suarylyp, dúrys jetilmey, kýzde qyrmanymyz tarylyp jatady.
Sonday-aq búl jetispeushilik jer¬ding sorlanuyna әkelip soghuda. Erekshe kýtim men kóp qarjy saludy qajet etetindikten kóbine tynaytqysh satyp alugha sharualardyng shama-sharqy jetpeydi. Alugha bolatyn nesiyening pay¬yzdyq mólsherlemesi joghary bolghan¬dyqtan memleketten qoldau kýtedi.
Maqta egetin әr elding maqtagha baylanysty baghdarlamasy júmys isteydi. Mysaly, AQSh-ta sapaly maqta óndirgeni ýshin memleket әr tonnasyna 600 dollar syiaqy beredi eken. Sondyqtan da amerikalyq sharualar sapaly maqta óndiruge ózderi-aq yn¬taly. Al Izrailide mýldem bas¬¬qasha. Memleket baghdarlamasy boyynsha sharua jeke menshik kompaniyamen kelisim-shartqa otyrady. Búl elde maqtanyng ortasha ónimdiligi 75 sent¬ner¬di qúraydy. Eger 60 sentnerden tómen bolsa, maqta ekkizbeytin kórinedi.
TMD boyynsha maqta ón¬diruden 4-shi orynda túrghan bizding audan ýshin damyghan elderding tәjiriybesine sýiene otyryp, “aq altynymyzdyn” órkendeuine qoldau kórsetpesek bar bedelimizding tómendeui de әbden mýmkin. Shymkentte qúrylyp jatqan jip iyiru, toqyma, tigin fabrikalarynyng keleshekte maqtagha degen bazasy keneye týsip, maqtagha degen qajettiligi arta týsui mýmkin. Sondyqtan osy sharuashylyq¬ty damytudy qazirgi kezden qolgha aluymyz kerek.
Songhy eki jylda maqtadan kónili qalghan diqandardyng egis¬tik alqabyna kýnbaghys, qauyn-qarbyz, jýgeri siyaqty ósimdik týrlerin kóptep egu ýrdisi bayqalyp keledi. Byl¬tyrghy jyly qauyn-qarbyz kóptep egiluine baylanysty su tegin satyldy.
Elbasy 2008 jyldyng aqpan aiyndaghy Qazaqstan halqyna Joldau¬¬ynda: “Ýkimetke auyl sharuashylyghyna barlyq dengeyde jýieli qoldau kórsetude odan әri sharalar qabyl¬dau¬dy tapsyramyn. Shiykizat óndeuge airyqsha nazar audaru qajet” dep atap kórsetken bolatyn. Osyghan oray ob¬lys auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy týiindi mәselelerdi sheshude jәne egistik kólemin josparly retteude tiyanaqty júmys jasaudyng qajettiligi tughan siyaqty. Degenmen, maqta óndiruge qo¬layly aumaqtyng mýmkinshiligin birinshi oryngha qoyghan dúrys bolar degen oidamyn.

Shahislam LAYSHANOV,  Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU-ding 4-kurs studenti.
«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti 24 mausym 2009 jyl