(Lev Tolstoydyng «Soghys pen beybitshilik» roman-epopeyasy haqynda)

Adamzat tarihyndaghy úly shygharmalardyng biri – orys jazushysy Lev Tolstoydyng «Soghys pen beybitshiligi». Qalamger búl tuyndysyn 1863-1869 jyldar aralyghynda jazyp, 1865-1869 jyldarda jariyalaghan. Atalghan roman-epopeya 1805-1820 jyldar aralyghyndaghy orys ómirin surettep, Aleksandr patsha bolghan kezendegi tútas bir dәuirdi beyneleydi. Múnda 559 keyipker bolsa, sonyng 200 shaqtysy kәdimgi tarihta bolghan adamdar. Tolstoydyng jazushy retinde keremettigi sol – ol imperatorlar men patshalardan bastap qatardaghy jauyngerlerge deyin, gubernatorlardan bastap qarapayym sharualargha deyin, qariyalardan bastap kishkentay balalargha deyin – qoghamnyng әrtýrli tap jәne әrqily jastaghy ókilderining psihologiyasyn sipattaghan. Kólemi 2000 betke juyq múnday úly tuyndyny avtor 8 ret qolmen qayta jazyp shyghyp, al jekelegen epizodtaryn 26 ret óndep, ózgertken eken. E.E. Zaydenshnur «Soghys pen beybitshiliktin» bastaluynyng ózining 15 núsqasy bar ekenin aitqan. Roman-epopeyanyng kóptegen tilge audarylghanyn, shygharma jelisimen әlemning әr týkpirinde talay qoyylym qoyylyp, talay kino týsirilgenin aitpaghanda, «Soghys pen beybitshilik» jóninde qyzyqty derek kóp. Mysaly, balalargha arnalghan shygharmalardy esepke almasaq, «Soghys pen beybitshilik» 1918-1986 jyldarda KSRO-da eng kóp basyp shygharylghan kitap eken. Naqtyraq aitqanda, 312 ret qaytadan jaryq kórip, jalpy 36 085 000 danamen oqyrmandargha jol tartqan. Osy keremet tuyndyny jaqynda oqyp bitirip, әserimdi nazarynyzgha úsynudy jón kórdim.

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Lev Tolstoy «Soghys pen beybitshilik» romanynyng 1, 2-shi kitaptarynda  beybit uaqyttaghy jәne maydan kezindegi jaghdaylardy әr bólimde kezektestirip suretteydi. Mәselen, tynysh zamanda orys aqsýiekteri by keshterine, teatr qoyylymdaryna, operagha baryp, qyzyqty dumandar úiymdastyrady. Tazymen angha shyghyp, qasqyr, týlki, qoyan aulap, shattyqqa toly kónildi ghúmyr keshedi. Múnday sauyq-sayrannyng әrqaysysyna jazushy jeke-jeke keninen toqtalyp, orys ómirin beynelegende, siz de keyipkerlermen birge jýrgendey әserde bolasyz. Al maydan kezindegi oqighalardy oqyp otyryp, mýlde ózgeshe kýy keshesiz. Jauyngerlerding shayqas aldyndaghy qobaljyp, qorquy; ýsterinen zymyran (yadro) úshyp ótkendegi ýreyi; ólim aldynda býkil ómiri kóz aldyna kelip, arman men ókinishke toly «ah» úruy; jaralylardyng qinalyp, ynyrsuy; sarbazdardyng úzaq uaqyt jóndi tamaq ishpey, ashyghuy, ashynuy; ata-anasyn, bauyrlaryn, sýigenin, tughan jerin saghynuy t.b. nәrseler sizge «soghys» degen zúlmattyng ne ekenin úqtyrady. Soghys pen beybitshilikti kezek-kezek sipattauy arqyly avtor beybit ómirding qadirin biluge, tipti, ushyqqan mәselelerding ózin qantógissiz, beybit kelissózben sheshuge shaqyryp túrghanday. Orys-fransuz soghysyn jazghanmen, Lev Tolstoydyng romany әli kýnge deyin ózektiligin joyghan joq (klassika osy sebepten de klassika bolsa kerek). Óitkeni, arada bir ghasyrdan artyq uaqyt ótse de, adamzat balasy bir-birimen til tabysyp, tynysh ómir sýrudi әli kýnge deyin ýirengen joq. 

L. Tolstoydyng búl shygharmasynda naqty bir bas keyipker joq. Qalamger әr qaharmannyng bastan keshkenderin kezek-kezek jazady. Degenmen, solardyng ishindegi jazushy eng kóp toqtalghandary jóninde aitalyq.

Knyazi Andrey Bolkonskiy – beybit zamandaghy birsaryndy ómirdi jany sýimeytin adam. Ol ýlken erlik jasaudy, ataq-danqqa bólenudi armandaydy. Sol sebepti, ainalasyndaghy elderdi týgel jaulap, birte-birte orys shekarasyna jaqyndap kele jatqan Fransiya imperiyasyna tótep beruge Austriya jerine soghysqa óz erkimen attanady. Bas qolbasshynyng adiutanty bolghan Andrey, tipti, ayaghy auyr, súlu әieli bar ekenin de eskermey, ony qatal әkesi men qaryndasynyng janyna qaldyrady. Austriya aumaghynda Resey jәne Austriya әskerleri birigip, fransuzdargha qarsy túrady. Kishigirim qaqtyghystarda birikken әsker jengenmen, 1805 jyly Austerlis týbindegi ýlken úrysta 60 myng orys pen 25 myng austriyalyq jauynger (jalpy 85 000 sarbaz) 73200 fransuz qolynan oisyray jeniledi. Osy shayqasta orys әskerining bayraghyn kóterip kele jatqan әskery kóz júmyp, tu jerge qúlaydy. Sol sebepti, jauyngerlerding ruhy týsip, japa-tarmaghay qasha bastaydy. Osy kezde alapat erlik pen jer jarghan ataqty ansaghan Andrey Bolkonskiy bayraqty kóterip, jaugha qarsy jalghyz ózi jýgiredi. Tudyng qaytadan jelbiregenin kórgen sarbazdardyng ruhy kóterilip, keri búrylyp, dúshpangha lap qoyady. Áytse de, tu kótergen Bolkonskiyding ózi auyr jaralanyp, esinen tanyp, jerge qúlaydy. Birikken Resey-Austriya әskeri de dúrys úiymdaspaghandyqtan, shashyranqylyqtyng kesirinen kóp uaqyt ótpey, jeniledi. Shayqas dalasynda ynyrsyp, auyrsynyp, shalqasynan jatqan Andrey kókke qarap, aspannyng osynshalyqty biyiktigine, úlylyghyna tanghalyp, sýisinedi. Osy uaqytqa deyin múny qalay bayqamay kelgenin týsine almay dal bolady. Anau shetsiz-sheksiz aspannyng úlylyghymen salystyrsan, jerdegi pendeler týkke de túrmaytyn, sonshalyqty tómen nәrseler ýshin qyrqysyp, birin-biri óltirip jýrgenin jan-jýregimen úghynady osy sәtte. Adamzattyng peyili qanshalyqty tar, óresi qanshalyqty tómen ekenin týsinedi kókke qarap jatyp. Osy sәtte shayqas dalasyn aralap jýrgen fransuz imperatory Napaleon elining tuyn kóterem dep oqqa úshyp, jerde jatqan Bolkonskiyding denesining qasyna kelip, «Ne degen әdemi ólim!» deydi. Alayda ol ólmegen edi. Álsiz ynyrsyp, sәl ghana qimyldaghanyna qarap, múny týsingen imperator qaramaghyndaghylargha Andreydi kóterip alyp ketuge, kómek kórsetuge búiryq beredi. Ózge myndaghan sarbazben birge tútqyngha týsken Bolkonskiyding jarasy tym auyr bolghandyqtan, fransuzdar ony jergilikti halyqqa tastap ketedi. Áli de kórer jaryghy bar adiutant aiyghyp, arada biraz uaqyt ótken son, ýiine qaytyp keledi. Ol oralghan týnde әieli tolghatyp jatyr edi. Sol týni súlu Liza Bolkonskaya úl bosanady. Áytse de, kónili kirshiksiz taza, baladay aqkónil әielding ózi qaytys bolady. Búl ajal soghysta auyr jaralanyp, aurushan, dimkәs bolyp oralghan Andrey Bolkonskiygha óte auyr soqqy bolady. Sóitip, ol dýniyeden baz keship, týnilip ketedi. Búryn tym qatal, ór minezdi, tәkappar bolghan azamattyng bolmysy júmsarady. Tarihta qalatynday ýlken erlik jasaudy armandaghan búrynghy ataqqúmarlyghyn tәrk etedi. Áskery qyzmetin dogharyp, óz iyeligin órkendetip, tynysh qana ghúmyr keshudi, úlyna jaqsy tәrbie berudi úigharady. Bir kýni atarbasymen ormanda kele jatqan knyazi kәri emendi kózi shalady. Aghashtyng dini әbden qartayyp, tozyp ketipti. Alyp emenge oy kózimen qaraghan Andrey dýniyening sony osylay qurau, tozu, shiru, qúldyrau ekenine kózi jetip, ómirden odan sayyn týniledi. Ol ýshin ghúmyrdyng tipti mәni joqtay kórinedi. Alayda arada kóp uaqyt ótpey, sol jolmen jýrip kele jatyp, qaytadan sol aghashty izdegende, bastapqyda taba almaydy. Óitkeni, emen adam tanymastay ózgergen edi. Jana bútaqtar shyghyp, jas japyraqtar qaulap ósipti. Búl kóriniske qarap, tan-tamasha bolghan Bolkonskiy jan dýniyesinde serpiludi sezinip, qayrattanyp, shiryghady. Onyng ómirden alghan soqqysy әli dýniyening aqyry emes eken. Áli de ýmit bar eken. Myna emen siyaqty qaytadan býrshik jaryp, gýldenuge, jasarugha bolady eken. Tabighattan taghylym alghan azamat erik-jigerin jinap, Peterburgke baryp, jana qyzmetke túrady. Italiyagha sapar shegip, em-dom qabyldaydy. Jasy 30-dan endi asqan azamat 16 jastaghy Natasha esimdi qyzghaldaqtay qúlpyrghan qyzgha ghashyq bolyp, ekeui sóz baylasyp, Andrey shetelden kelgen son, ýilenbek bolady. Alayda ol oralmastan búryn Natasha Anatoli Kuragin esimdi kelbeti kelisti, óte symbatty jigitting jalghan sózine ilanyp, kýieu jigitine opasyzdyq jasaydy. Anatolidyng syrtqy beynesi qanday әdemi bolsa, jan dýniyesi sonshalyqty úsqynsyz, aram, ekijýzdi, jalqau әri aqylsyz, pasyq edi. Onyng ýilengenin, әieli bar ekenin bilmegen Natasha otbasynan jasyryp, Anatolimen birge qashpaq bolady. Áytse de, jospary jýzege aspaydy. Sezip qalghan әpkesi onyng jolyn bógeydi. Shetelden kelgen son, aqyldy, bilimdi, parasatty әri ziyaly Andrey Bolkonsiy mәn-jaydy estiydi. Sóitip, Natasha ekeuining arasyndaghy mahabbat hikayasy ayaqtalady. Altyndy baghalay almaghan qyz ókinishten jәne úyattan ózegi órtenip, býkil qala halqynyng ósegine qalady. 

Lev Tolstoy «Soghys pen beybitshiliktin» alghashqy eki kitabynda keninen surettegen taghy bir keyipker – Pier Bezuhov. Ol – Reseydegi eng bay adamnyng balasy. Shetelde tәrbiyelenip, bilim alghan Pier eline oralghanda, aqsýiekter ortasy onyng ebedeysizdigine, tolyqtyghyna, qolapaysyzdyghyna qarap, keketip, syrttay mazaqtap kýledi. Áytse de, ol ózgelerge qastyq oilamaytyn, peyili taza әri anghaldau, juastau adam edi. Ákesi ajal qúshyp, mol baylyqqa múrager bolghanda, júrttyng Pierge degen qarym-qatynasy kýrt ózgeredi. Ony búryn mensinbegender, keketkender endi ayaq astynan asty-ýstine týsip, syilay qalady. Osy arqyly Lev Tolstoy ózgelerdi dýniyesine qarap qúrmetteytin adamdardy mysqyldasa kerek. Vasiliy Kuragin (Anatoli Kuraginning әkesi) esimdi kisi Elen atty óte súlu qyzyn Piermen tanystyryp, jastardyng arasynda dәneker bolyp, ekeuin ýilendiredi. Óitkeni, V. Kuragindi tolyq, anghal Pierding bolmysy emes, baylyghy qyzyqtyrdy. Elenning de týpki niyeti en dәuletke kenelu edi. Alayda eseppen qúrylghan neke berik bolmaydy eken. Elen kýieuine adal bolmay shyqty. Jarynyng kózine shóp salu ýirenshikti nәrsege ainaldy. Namysyna tiiyp, yzalandyrghan Dolohov degen jigitti bir kýni Pier duelige shaqyryp, atyp jaralaydy. Sodan keyin әielimen ajyrasyp tyndy. Biraz uaqyt ótken son, Elen Pierge saghynyp, qayghyryp jýrgenin aityp, qayta-qayta hat jaza bergennen keyin ekeui qaytadan qosylady. Biraq opasyz әiel qateliginen sabaq almaghan edi. Bәribir de jenil jýrisin qoyghan joq. Zayybynyng qasynan jan rahatyn tappaghan Pier birde Peterburgtegi, birde Mәskeudegi, basqa joly ózge ólkelerdegi iyelikterine baryp túrdy. Bastysy, әielin kózi kórmese, әielinen qútylsa boldy ol ýshin. Osynday jәittardy jazghan Lev Tolstoy jar tandaudaghy eskeru kerek dýniyelerdi, otbasy qúndylyqtary mәselelerin menzegendey. Ómirlik serigin tandauda qatelesken adamnyng ghúmyrynda da, jan dýniyesinde de tynyshtyq, baqyt, bereke bolmaydy. 

Pier masondyq úiymgha kirip, diny aghartumen de ainalysady. Álemge izgilik núryn shashpaq bolady. Ol qaramaghyndaghy myndaghan júmysshynyng ómirin jenildetu ýshin kóptegen sheshim qabyldap, әr iyelikke bekitilgen starostalargha tapsyrmalar beredi. Biraq starostalar ol kelgende, «Bәri jaqsy! Bәri keremet! Sizge myng alghys!» dep úrandaytyn sharualardy shygharyp qoyyp, kózboyaushylyq jasaydy. Shyn mәninde, sharualardyng kózge týspegen onnan toghyzy ash-jalanash edi. Alayda maqtau men alghysqa mas bolghan Pier shyndyqty bilgen joq. Búl jәit tura qazirgi key jaghdaylargha qatty úqsaydy. Jogharydan tekseru kelse, osylay kózboyaushylyq jasaytyndar az ba qazir?! Sonyng kesirinen halyqtyng túrmysy jaqsarmaydy. Pier ruhany kemeldikting ýlgisin kórsetu ýshin aldymen ózining nәpsisin jenui kerek edi. Ol әielder men ishimdikti jaqsy kóretin. Osy eki qúmarlyghyn tyya almaghandyqtan, izgilikting ónegesi bolsam degen armany ayaqsyz qaldy. Demek, adam әueli ózining kemshilikterin týzetip, ózining pendelikterin jóndegeni dúrys eken.

Bezuhov masondyq úiymgha kirgende, sharttaryn qabyldap, erejege say ant beredi. Masondar qanday jaghdayda da bir-birine qoldau bildirip, tipti, qajet bolsa, bauyry ýshin janyn da beruge tiyis bolatyn. Biraq, bir qyzyghy, bauyrmaldyq, jomarttyq, kenpeyildilik jóninde әr mason kóp aitqanmen, bәri de meyirimdi bolugha sert etkenmen, qayyrymdylyq jasau ýshin aqsha jinaugha kelgende, kóbi tiyn sanap qalatyn. Masondyq úiymda qoghamda bedeldi aqsýiekter, joghary lauazym iyeleri kóp edi. Sol sebepti, búl kisilermen baylanys ornatudy maqsat etip, úiymgha baqay eseppen kirgender de kóp bolatyn. Mýsheleri izgilik jayly ústanymdardy ózderi ústanbaytyn úiym qazirgi jat diny aghymdardy, dәstýrli emes diny birlestikterdi esinizge saldy ma?!

«Soghys pen beybitshilikte» Andrey Bolkonskiy men Pier Bezuhovtan da basqa keyipkerler kóp. Lev Tolstoy 1,2-shi kitaptarda negizinen osy eki qaharmannyng bastan keshkenderin surettegendikten, biz de sóittik. Atalghan shygharmanyng 1, 2-shi kitaptarynyng mazmúnyn tolyqtay bayanday almaspyz. Biraq jýikesi júqarghan qart, orynsyz qatal әri ózimshil әke Nikolay Bolkonskiy (Andrey Bolkonskiyding әkesi); jan dýniyesi óte taza, dindar Mariya Bolkonskaya (Andrey Bolkonskiyding qaryndasy); jenil jolmen bayyghysy keletin aram әri qu, alayaq Dolohov; ýiinde aqsýiekterdi jinap, kónildi keshter úiymdastyrghandy jaqsy kóretin Anna Ivanovna; talapty jas Nikolay Rostov (Natashanyng aghasy) sekildi keyipkerlerdi atap ótkenimiz jón dep oilaymyn. Olar jayly oqyrmandar romannan ózderi tolyq oqyp alar.                             

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«Soghys pen beybitshiliktin» 3,4-shi kitaptarynda avtor Napaleon tuynyng astyna birikken fransuz, nemis, polyak, ispan, italiyalyq, avstriyalyq, shveysar әskerlerining (jalpy alghanda, Fransuz imperiyasynyng qoly) orys jerine basyp kirip, shabuyl jasaghany suretteledi. Roman-epopeyanyng búl bólimderinde alghashqy eki kitaptaghyday beybit ómirding kórinisteri emes, kóbine qandy qaqtyghystar men súrapyl shayqastar, shabuyldau men sheginu, yaghny soghys kezindegi jaghdaylar beynelenedi. Napaleon 600 mynnan astam jauyngerdi bastap kelgenin jәne búl jer qayysqan qol sany jaghynan da, tәjiriybe túrghysynan da, qarulanu mәselesinde de әlemdegi eng myqty әsker bolghanyn aita keteyik. Al orystyng bas qolbasshylyghyna saylanghan Kutuzovtyng úlan-ghayyr Reseyding әr týkpirinde shashyrap jatqan 400 mynnan astam sarbazy bolghan eken.  

Lev Tolstoy maydan kezindegi týrli jәittardy beyneleu arqyly oqyrmangha oy salugha tyrysady, zaman shyndyghyn sol jaghdaylardy kórsetu arqyly menzeydi. Mәselen, orys jerine engen Napaleon bir eldimekenge kelip toqtaghanda, әskerining bir bóligine ózenning arghy betine ótip, berilgen tapsyrmany oryndaudy búiyrady. Sonda bir polyak qolbasy ózi súranyp, qaramaghyndaghy atty jasaqty bastap, aghyny qatty ózenge qoyyp ketedi. Negizi, jaqyn jerdegi ótkelden ótse de, bolatyn edi. Biraq imperatorgha shyn berilgendigin dәleldegisi kelgen jәne onyng kózinshe erjýrek bolyp kóringisi kelgen ol sonyna ergen jauyngerlerdi ózennen atpen jýzip ótuge mәjbýrledi. Sonyng kesirinen 40 shaqty sarbaz ben ondaghan jylqy arghy betke jete almay, sugha ketip óldi. Olardyng búl isine Napaleon mәn bermey, esh nazar audarmay, basqa túsqa ketip ýlgergen edi. Osy epizodty surettegen qalamger danghoylanyp, orynsyz shyghyngha úshyraghan, qanshama órimdey jastyng ajalyna sebepker bolghan әlgi polyak әskerbasyn ghana emes, osynday bos maqtan, paydasyz әure-sarsangha ýiir adamdardy jalpylay mysqyldaghanday kórindi.   

Keyipkerlerding biri eskadron basqarghan Nikolay Rostov Ostrovno týbindegi qaqtyghysta batyldyghymen jәne erligimen kózge týsip, fransuz qolynyng әjeptәuir bóligine oisyrata soqqy beredi. Kóptegen jaudy tútqyngha týsiredi. Shayqasyp jatqanda, bir fransuzgha atymen shauyp baryp, ne óltirerin, ne tútqyngha alaryn sheship ýlgermey jatyp, әlgi kisi «Berildim!» dep aighaylaydy. Onyng shýberektey quaryp ketken jýzinen, sharasynan shyghyp kete jazdaghan kógildir kózinen ýrey men jalynyshty kórgen Nikolay osy beyneni úmyta almaydy. Atalghan erligi ýshin marapattalyp, Georgiy krestin alghanmen, sheni óskenmen, ony ar azaby qinaydy. «Múnyng bәri ne ýshin?! Ol menen nege sonsha qoryqty?! Biz bir-birimizge nege qylysh júmsaymyz?!» dep óz-ózin jegidey jeydi. Roman-epopeya avtory qanday últ ókili bolmasyn adamdardyng bәri bir-birine bauyr ekenin, bir-birine zúlymdyq jasamauy tiyis ekenin osynday oqighalar arqyly jetkizedi.

Jogharyda maydan bastalghanda, orystyng 400 myng qoly Reseyding әr púshpaghynda shashyrap jatqanyn jazghan edik. Osy bytyray qonystanghan әsker sekildi orystyng Pfuli, Barklay, Bagration, Benigsen, Sesarevich, Braniskiy, Vloskiy, Vinsingerode t.b. generaldary men bedeldi qolbasshylarynyng sózi bir jerden shyqpay, alauyz kýide edi. Áskery kenesterde generaldardyng basym bóligi Reseydi jaudan azat etudi emes, jeke basynyng qamyn, dausyn ózgelerden zor shygharyp, Aleksandr patshanyng kózine týsip qaludy oilady. Áskery basshylyq qúramynda birlik bolghan joq. Sonyng kesirinen shashyrap jatqan 400 myng sarbazdyng bir jerge jinalyp, toptasuy da kesheuildey berdi. Saldarynan orys qoly kishigirim shayqastardan әri asa almay, fransuzdargha tosqauyl bola almay, shegine-shegine Mәskeu týbindegi Borodino dalasyna deyin jetti. IYә, yntymaghy әlsiz qauymnyng kórer kýni osy bolmaq. Onday júrt jerin jaugha taptatyp, sorly kýy keshpek.   

Talay aqyn-jazushynyng shygharmasyna arqau bolghan Borodino shayqasy jogharyda atalghan Borodino dalasynda ótken edi. Búl shayqastyng aldyndaghy orys әskerining kónil-kýiin, hal-jayyn jazushy polk basqarghan knyazi Andrey Bolkonskiyding sózderimen jetkizedi. 

Biraq aldymen Bolkonskiyding bastan ótkergenderi jóninde mәlimet bergenimiz jón dep oilaymyz. Qalyndyghynyng opasyzdyghynan keyin ashynghan, namystanghan, shiryqqan knyazi Andrey Otan qorghaugha soghysqa attanady. Kóp úzamay, onyng әkesi qaytys bolyp, qayghy ýstine qayghy jamalady. Biraq Bolkonskiy ezilip, ensesin týsirgen joq. Ákesi qazirgi bas qolbasshy Kutuzovpen kezinde dos bolghandyqtan, ekeuining arasy jaqsy ekenine qaramastan, knyazi Andrey onyng janashyr peyilden shyqqan úsynysynan bas tartady. Yaghni, shtabta generaldyng adiutanty bolyp, qauipsizdeu jerde jýrgennen góri neni bolsa da, ot pen oqtyng ortasynda sarbazdarmen birge kórudi jón sanaydy. Mine, jankeshtilik! El basyna kýn tughanda, naghyz erlerding isi osynday bolsa kerek! Knyazi Andreyding ashuyna tiyetin, ony yzalandyratyn bir jәit bar edi. Polk komandiyrine orys әskerining joghary shendi qolbasshylyq qyzmetterinde nemis t.b. últ ókilderining qyzmette jýrgeni únamaytyn. Óitkeni, olar soghysta jankeshtilik tanytpaytyn. Shayqasta ómirine qauip tónip, jaghdaydyng ushyghyp bara jatqanyn sezse boldy, qaramaghyndaghylardy shegindirip, tyraghaylap qashugha beyim edi. Resey olardyng tarihy Otany bolmaghandyqtan, kerekse, jan qiigha әzir emes edi olar. Shybyn jany keudesinen shyghyp ketkenshe, aqyrghy demine deyin aiqasyp óletin naghyz erjýrek batyrlar – qatardaghy qarapayym jauyngerler edi. El ýshin ózin qúrban etetin qarapayym halyq bolatyn. Sebebi Otan, eng aldymen, halyqqa kerek. Memleketti apattan qútqaratyn da, dúshpandy atamekennen tyqsyryp quyp shyghatyn da sol – Otan-Ananyng últtyq ruhy, patriottyq sezimi bar adal úldary. Osynday kózqarasyn jazushy tuyndyda Andrey Bolkonskiyge aitqyzady. Al men múny ne ýshin jazyp otyr dep oilaysyz? Qazir Qazaqstannyng taghdyryna, bolashaghyna tikeley yqpal ete alatyn týrli joghary qyzmetterde san aluan últtyng ókilderi otyr. Barlyq etnosqa teng qúqyq bergen kópúltty memleket, zayyrly qogham, demokratiyaly el retinde biz búghan zang jýzinde tyiym sala almaspyz. Biraq jogharyda jazylghanday shendiler Qazaqstannyng keleshegi, keler úrpaqtyng qamy ýshin boydaghy baryn berip, jany ashyp, júmys istey qoyar ma eken?.. «Soghys pen beybitshiliktegi» knyazi Andreydi tolghandyrghany sekildi meni de osy mәsele oilandyrady...

Borodino shayqasynyng aldyndaghy týnde Bolkonskiy úiyqtay almay, alasúrghan, dýniyeden baz keshken kýide bolady. Qayta-qayta ótken ghúmyry esine týse beredi. Ol ózine opasyzdyq jasaghan búrynghy qalyndyghyn oilap, qamyghady. Natashany perishtedey taza, pәk kórgenine; ózi shetelde 1 jyl boyy emdelip jýrgende, qalyndyghy múng men saghynyshqa berilip, kelgenshe saryla kýtedi dep sengenine; sonshalyqty anghal, ertegige nanghan baladay albyrt, ilanghysh, aqymaq bolghanyna yzasy keledi. Baylamyna berik bolmaghan, sózinde túrmaghan búrynghy qalyndyghy búl ghana emes, ómirde bәrining de jalghan ekenin úqtyrady. Sonymen qatar, marqúm әkesi men onyng tirshiligi de oiyna orala beredi. Lysye Gory eldimekenindegi iyeleginde sharuashylyghyn jýrgizip, «mening jerim», «mening auam», «mening suym», «mening ýiim», «mening mújyqtarym» dep jalghandy jalpaghynan basyp jýrgen әkesi múnyng bar ekenin de bilmeytin Napaleon kelgende, nege bәrin tastap basqa jaqqa qasha jóneldi? Aqyry jolda qaytys bolghan joq pa? Sonda «meniki» dep jýrgen keshegi jer, ýi, iyelik, mújyqtar qayda qaldy?! Shyn mәninde, eshtene de oniki bolmaghany ma sonda?! Bәri de jalghan eken ghoy!.. Osynday oilar maza bermegen Bolkonskiy ertengi shayqas búryn qatysqan shayqastardan anaghúrlym súrapyl bolatynyn jete týsinip, ajal jayly súp-suyq oilar sanasyn shyrmap alady. Eger ólip qalsa, eki adam múny eki qol, eki ayaghynan ústap, qazylghan ýlken shúnqyrgha laqtyryp, kóp ólikpen birge kóme salatynyn, sóitip, dýniyede mýlde bolmaghanday joghalatynyn oilap, týrshigedi. Biraq búl ketti eken dep dýniyening qylshyghy qisaymaq emes. Adamdar týk bolmaghanday, tirshiligin jalghastyra bermek. Álimsaqtan bergi dýniyening zandylyghy – osy. Bәri de jalghan, bәri de ótkinshi, bәri de aldamshy... Jalghan ómir, opasyz dýniye... Jogharyda jazylghan jәittardy oqyghanda, Abaydyng «Bir Alladan basqanyng bәri ózgermek...» degen jyr tarmaghy oiyma orala berdi.

Knyazi Andrey ózi sezgendey-aq, kelesi kýni shayqasta tura qasyna zymyran týsip, jarylyp, auyr jaralanady. Jarylghysh zattyng jaryqshaghy ishine tiyip, ishek-qarnyn aqtaryp jiberedi. Keyin birazyraq uaqyt dәrigerding qarauynda bolyp, em-dom qabyldaghanmen, auyr jaraqattan ajaly keledi. Borodino shayqasynda orystar ýlken erlik kórsetip, qansha qyrylyp jatsa da, jan ayamay soghysqanymen, ýlken shyghyngha úshyraydy. Lev Tolstoydyng jazuynsha, Resey osy kýni әskerining jartysynan airylypty. Alayda búryn-sondy jenilip kórmegen Napaleon ýshin de qantógis onaygha tiymey, esengiretip tastaydy. Fransuz sarbazdarynyng besten biri ólip, 20 fransuz generaly shayqasta ajal qúshqan edi. Orys qolynyng bas qolbasshysy Kutuzov әskerding qalghan bóligin qyryp almay, saqtap qalu ýshin taghy da sheginuge mәjbýr bolady. Sóitip, fransuzdar Mәskeuge kiredi. Degenmen, fransuz imperatory kýtpegen jәitqa tap bolyp, daghdarady. Ózin úly sanaghan, tәkapparlyq pen maqtangha boy aldyrghan ol Mәskeuge kelgende, túrghyndardyng kóbi qalany tastap shyqqanyn kóredi. Júrttyng tek 50-den 1-i ghana ketpey, shahar qanyrap qalypty. Fransuzdar kele sala, iyesiz qalghan ghimarattar men ýilerdi, kóshpegen túrghyndardy tonap, әsker keypinen airylyp, qaraqshygha ainalady. Qarausyz ketken malday, tipti, búiryqqa baghynuyn da qoyady. Tonalghan, shabylghan, órtelgen Mәskeu ýshin alystaghy talay orys qayghyryp, ah úrady. Osy sәtte qarapayym búqaranyng Otangha degen mahabbaty, jaugha degen jekkórinishi qylang berip, oqyrmannyng jýregin eljiretedi. Fransuzdar kóp aqsha úsynghanyna qaramastan, orys mújyqtary attargha arnalghan jem-shópti satpay, Mәskeu men qala manyndaghy jinalyp túrghandaryn órtep jiberedi. Óitkeni, Otan ýshin soghys jalpyhalyqtyq sipat alghan edi. Ásker Mojaysk ónirine sheginip ketkenmen, fransuzdargha qarsy partizandyq soghys beleng aldy. Qarapayym halyqtan qúralghan týrli jasaqtar әr jerde tapsyrmaman jýrgen, ne bolmasa, bólinip qalghan fransuz otryadtaryna tútqiyldan shabuyl jasap, birte-birte talqanday berdi. Jazushy fransuz qolyn ýlken bәiterekke tenese, osy alyp aghashty partizandar keyde shayqap, keyde japyraqtaryn júlyp, tynyshtyq bermedi.      

«Soghys pen beybitshiliktegi» ómirbayany keninen jazylghan keyipkerlerding biri – graf Pier Bezuhov. El basyna kýn tughanda, ol ózge baylar sekildi dýniye-mýlkin jýzdegen arbagha tiyep, Mәskeuden qashyp shyqqan joq. Bezuhov Borodino shayqasynda әskermen birge bolyp, kómektesken son, Napaleondy óltirmekke bel buady da, qarapayym mújyq beynesinde kiyinip, tapansha satyp alyp, Mәskeude qalady. Alayda fransuzdar júrtty tonap, qiyanat jasap jatqanda, bir súlu armyan qyzgha arasha bolamyn dep ózi tútqyndalyp, týrmege týsedi. Ár isting bir qayyry bar emes pe?! Qarapayym halyqtan shyqqan jauyngerlermen tútqynda birge otyrghan Pier qamauda kóp nәrsening qadirin týsinip, jýrek tynyshtyghyn, jan rahatyn tabady. Búryn jýrek tynyshtyghyn әielderden, sharaptan, masondyq úiymnan, qayratkerlikten, el ýshin ózin qúrban etken qaharmandyqtan t.b. dýniyelerden izdep, biraq maqsatyna jete almaghan, jany bayyz tappaghan ol kókten izdegenin jerden tapqanday kýy keshedi. Jýrek tynyshtyghy – qarapayym ghana ghúmyr keshude eken. Qarnyng ashqanda, tamaq jeu; shóldegende, su ishu; tonghanda, jyly ýige kiru; qalaghan uaqytynda úiyqtap, qalaghan uaqytynda túru; zerikkende, taza auada seruendeu – bir sózben aitqanda, óz erking ózinde boluy ómirding naghyz rahaty eken. Osynshama nesibening qadirin týsinip, baghasyn úghynghanda ghana adamnyng jýregi tynysh bolatynyna Pierding kózi jetedi. Ábden ashyqqanda, ózge tútqyndarmen birge qúrghaq kartopty bólip jegen ol búl taghamnyng múnshalyqty til ýiirer dәmin búryn qalay sezbey jýrgenine tanghalady. Keyinirek tútqynnan bosap, qalypty ómirine oralsa da, abaqtyda jegen dәl sol qúrghaq kartoptan asqan dәmdi tamaqty ómir boyy tappapty. Reseydegi eng bay adamdardyng biri bolghan Pierding bastan keshkenderi bizge tәubany, Qúdaygha shýkir etudi eske salyp túrghanday.

«Soghys pen beybitshiliktegi» jaghymdy keyipkerlerding biri – Kutuzov beynesi. Ol – ómirlik tәjiriybesi de, әskery tәjiriybesi de mol, sabyrly, parasatty, kóregen, aqyldy qart. Orys qolyn orynsyz qantógisten, artyq shyghynnan saqtap qalugha baryn salady. Qaramaghyndaghy qolbasshylar da, jauyngerler de qit etse, shabuyl jasap, oljagha, ataqqa keneluge asyghyp túrghanda, Kutuzov olardy әrdayym toqtatugha talpynady. Óitkeni, fransuz әskeri Mәskeudi alghannan keyin ózinen-ózi birte-birte qúrdymgha ketip bara jatqanyn úghyna bilgen edi. «Uaqyt pen sabyr – mine, mening jauynger batyrlarym!» – deydi bas qolbasshy («Vremya y terpenie – vot, moy voiny-bogatyriy!»). Kutuzov on fransuzgha bir orysty da aiyrbastyghysy kelmey, sarbazdardyng ómirin saqtap qalugha tyrysty. Rasynda da, onyng joramaldaghanynday, Mәskeuge kirgen fransuzdar búl qalada 5-aq apta bolyp, qaraqshylyqpen ainalysqan son, soghysatyn orys әskerin izdep, shahardy tastap shyqty. Alayda kazaktar men partizandar tútqiyldan jasaghan shabuyldardan әbden silikpesi shyghyp, azyp-tozyp, aryp-ashyp, kýnning suyghynda dirdektep tonyp, soghysatyn qauqary qalmaydy. Sóitip, orys jerinen shyghyp ketkenshe myndaghan adam ashtan, suyqtan ólip, ne tútqyngha týsip, fransuz әskeri ózinen-ózi ghayyp boldy. Zenbirekteri men qaru-jaraghy da orystardyng oljasyna ainaldy. Napaleon jәne onyng bedeldi qolbasshylary qol astyndaghy jasaqtardy jau qorshauynda qaldyryp, qara basyn qútqarudy oilap, týndeletip orman ishimen, jasyryn joldarmen qashyp ketti. Fransuzdardyng 100-den 1-i ghana orys shekarasyn kesip ótip, Fransiyagha jete alghan eken. Sóitip, Vena, Madriyd, Berliyn, Riym, Varshava, Neapaoli, Mәskeudi de jaulaghan imperatordyng dәureni ayaqtaldy. Ataqqúmarlyqtyng aqyry osylay boldy... Osynday jәittardy surettey kele oishyl jazushy «Qarapayymdylyq, meyirim jәne aqiqat joq jerde úlylyq ta joq» – deydi («Net velichiya tam, gde net prostoty, dobra y pravdy»). 

Roman-epopeyadan alar taghylym kóp bolsa da, onyng bәrin maqalagha syighyza almasymyz anyq. Lev Tolstoydyng gumanistik iydeyalaryn týsinu, siniru ýshin shygharmany tolyq oqyp shyghu kerek. Áytse de, taghy birneshe mysal keltireyik. Atalghan tuyndyda әr keyipkerding bolmysy, minez-qúlqy, is-әreketi oqyrmangha oy salady. Mysaly, Nikolaydan ar-namysty bәrinen biyik qoiydy, qinalsang da, tis jarmaytyn qaysarlyqty; al knyajna Mariyadan, tipti, ózine jamandyq jasaghan kisige jaqsylyq tileytin taqualyqty, tazalyqty, keshirimdilikti, kendikti, meyirimdilikti kóruge bolady. «Jaqsydan ýiren, Jamannan jiyren» demekshi, knyazi Vasiliyding úshpaqqa shyqqan bireudi maqtap, jaqyndaugha tyrysatyn, al sol kisining basynan baghy taysa, birden jamandap shygha keletin ekijýzdiligi, sudyrlyghy, jyltyrlyghy – búl qasiyetterding qanday jiyirkenishti ekenin taygha tanba basqanday anyq kórsetedi. Alma aghashynan alysqa týspeytini sekildi knyazi Vasiliyding úly men qyzy Anatoli jәne Elenning de opasyzdyghy, ekijýzdiligi, aramdyghy, qarau niyettiligi oqyrmannyng kónilin suytady. Biraq әrkimning nesibesi de, aqyry da peyiline baylanysty bolatyny dausyz. Anatoli Borodino shayqasynda auyr jaralanyp, ayaghyn kestirip, it ólimmen ólse, al Elen ayaq astynan ókpe auruyna shaldyghyp, ol da kóz júmady. Ózgelerding aqysyn jeytin aramzalyq jaqsylyqqa aparmaytyny shýbәsiz. Ádilet pen shyndyq kóbine keshigip jýrse de, týbi keledi.      

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«Soghys pen beybitshiliktin» epilogynda qalamger 1812 jylghy Otan soghysynan 7 jyl ótkennen keyin 1819-1820 jyldardy suretteydi. Búl kezde Nikolay Rostov pen knyajna Mariya, Pier Bezuhov pen Natasha Rostova erli-zayypty, 3-4 balasy bar baqytty otbasy. Al Nikolay men Natashanyng anasy grafinya Rostova әbden qartayyp, jartylay esi auysqan kempir bolghan. Óitkeni, maydanda әueli 16 jastaghy kenje úly Petya oqqa úshyp, kóz júmyp, sodan keyin kóp úzamay kýieui qaytys bolghan son, 50-den endi asqan grafinya Rostova qasiretten qatty shógip, qartayyp ketti. Tipti, aqylynan aljasa bastady. Biraq solay bola túra, maghan únaghany – onyng úly men kelini, qyzy men kýieu balasy esh qabaq shytpay, anasynyng birtýrli qylyqtaryna sabyr etip, әrdayym grafinya Rostovanyng jaghdayyn jasaugha, kónilin tabugha tyrysady, baladay baptap, kýtedi. Áke-shesheni qadirleuge shaqyrghan búl epizod qazaqtyng «Ata-anang tentek bolsa, baylap baq» degen sózin esime týsirdi. 

Mәselening taghy bir qyry – fransuzdardyng Reseyge basyp kiruining kesirinen Petya sekildi múrty endi tebindep kele jatqan qanshama bozbala, qanshama órimdey jas ajal qúshty?! Grafinya Rostova siyaqty qanshama ana sorlap, botasynan airylyp, ingendey bozdap qaldy?! Borodino shayqasynda auyr jaralanyp, baqilyq bolghan knyazi Andreyding 7 jastaghy úly Nikolenika syqyldy qanshama bala besikten beli shyqpay jatyp, jetim qaldy?! Qanshama búqaranyng enbegi esh bolyp, ýi-jayynan, sharuashylyghynan airyldy?! Lev Tolstoy múnyng bәrin jazu arqyly soghys degen zúlmattyng zardaptaryn ghana emes, barlyq adam balasy bir-birine bauyr ekenin, bir halyqqa bir halyq qiyanat, zúlymdyq jasamau kerektigin menzegendey. Alayda jazushy shyqqan orys últynyng ózining istegen isteri qanday?! Orystar qanshama júrtty jer betinen mýlde joyyp jiberdi?! Qanshama eldi jaulap alyp, qanshama memleketting shanyraghyn ortasyna týsirdi?! Azattyq ýshin jan ayamay arpalysyp, qany men terin tókken qanshama últtyng adamdaryn, qart demey, sәby demey, jazyqsyz óltirip, qan qaqsatty orystar?! Qanshama etnosty tilinen, dininen, dәstýrinen bezdirip, mәngýrt qylyp jiberdi?! Qúday Lev Tolstoyday kemengerdi bere salsa da, sol últtyng ózi jazushynyng gumanistik iydeyalaryn ústanbaghany ókinishti. Alayda Lev Tolstoy sekildi túlghalar óz júrty ýshin ghana tumaydy. Olardyng izgilik jayly ústanymdary men nasihattary kýlli dýnie jýzi halyqtaryna ortaq. Sondyqtan da Lev Tolstoydy adamzattyq dengeydegi jazushy deymiz...  

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