QAGhAN-NAMA

Qazaq aqyl-oyynyng janashyry
Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov aghagha arnaymyn.

QARA BALA  
ÚLY QAGhAN BOLGhANDA

Altyn denem sharshasa, sharshasyn -
Abzal elimning danqy artsyn
Býtin denem qinalsa, qinalsyn -
Býkil elim toptansyn.
Shynghyshan.

QAGhAN-NAMA

Qazaq aqyl-oyynyng janashyry
Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov aghagha arnaymyn.

QARA BALA  
ÚLY QAGhAN BOLGhANDA

Altyn denem sharshasa, sharshasyn -
Abzal elimning danqy artsyn
Býtin denem qinalsa, qinalsyn -
Býkil elim toptansyn.
Shynghyshan.

«Napoleon qylyshpen bastaghan isti men qalammen ayaqtaymyn» depti úly Balizak. Jәne búl sózdi qaghazgha týsirip, júmys bólmesining kózge týser kórnekti jerine ilip qoyypty. Búl sóz ózara ityrqyljyng qanqasap bolyp qyrqysyp jatqan fransuz halqynyng basyn (Napoleon biylik basyna kelgen kez el ishinde azamat soghysy jýrip jatqan bolatyn - Á.B.) bas-ayaghy bes-on jylda júmylghan júdyryqtay tastýiin etip biriktire bilgen, biriktirip qana qoymay jauynger halyqtardyng da qataryna qosa alghan qarapayym korsikalyq jigitting el aldyndaghy eren enbegine taghzym retinde aitylghan bolar.
Ras, Napoleon joryqtary sәtsiz ayaqtaldy. Bir armiyasyn Mysyr dalasynda taghdyr tәlkegine tastap ketse, ekinshisimen Reseyding qarly ólkesinde masqara bolyp qosh aitysty. Vaterloo týbinde aqyry tas-talqan bolyp jenilis tapty. Biraq sarbazdary Napoleon sәtsizdikke úshyrady eken dep odan syrt ainalyp ketken joq, alystaghy Elibadan aidaudan qashyp kelgende tuynyng astyna qaytadan túra qaldy. Imperatorgha adaldyghyn bayqatty. Halqy tarapynan múnday sheksiz sýiispenshilikke bólenu arghy-bergi Fransiya tarihynda qanday da bir júmyr basty fransuzdyng taghdyr-talayyna jazyla qoydy ma eken, әi, qaydam...
Napoleon ruhyna sol kezdegi fransuz jazushylary ghana emes, qatardaghy jauyngerden kórnekti ghalymgha deyin tabyna tәu etkendigi anyq. Mysaly, Napoleonnyng ekspedisiyalyq әskery korpusy qúramynda arnayy jasaqtalghan ghalymdar men mamandar toby bolghandyghy jaqsy belgili. Búl topta tipti, aqyn da bar bolatyn. Al keyin Egiypet iyeroglifterin oqudyng kiltin tapqan jas ghalym Jan Fransua Shampolionmen qoly qalt etken bir tústa Napoleonnyng ózi arnayy baryp әngimeleskeni de bar.
IYә, әigili fransuz adamzat tarihyna úly jauger ghana emes, ghylymnyng janashyry retinde de kire bildi. Biletinder onyng ózining jeke basyn talantty, biraq baghy ashylmay qalghan belletrist jazushy sipatynda da dәripteydi. Qazaq bolsa múnday adamdy bir sózben «segiz qyrly, bir syrly» der-di. Al onday adamnyng el qúrmetine bólenbeui mýmkin be? Fransuzdardyng ózderining osy bir otandasyna degen sheksiz mahabbatyn basqashalay týsindiru mýmkin emes. Búl mahabbattyng qanday ólshemmen ólshenetindigin Stendaliding «Qyzyl men qarasyn» oqyghan jan birden týsiner edi.
Al, bizde she?
Adamzat tarihynda esimin mәngilik qaldyrghan jahan¬ger¬ler kóp emes. Biri janaghy sóz bolghan Napoleon bolsa, biregeyi ózimizding qysyq kóz babamyz Shynghyshan ekendigi shyndyq. Arghy-bergi tarihty zertteushilerding daryndylyghy jaghynan Shynghyshandy Sezari, Makedonskiy, Gannibal sekildi әigili qolbasshylardyng bәrinen joghary qoyatyny bar. Tipti, Atilla-Edilding ózi onyng kólenke tasasynda qa¬¬lyp qoymaq. Al endi Aziyadan shyqqan alyp túlghany biz qalay dәriptep, onyng tarihy múrasyn qalay zerdelep jatyrmyz, baghasyna jete aldyq pa?
Saualgha jauap izdep kóreyik. Jaqynda qolyma kórnekti aqynymyz Múhtar Shahanovtyng «Jazager jady kosmoformulasy» (Shynghyshannyng pendelik qúpiyasy) atty poemalardan qúralghan romanynyng orys tilindegi núsqasy týsti. Oqyp shyghyp «talantty jazushy sauatsyz oqyrmandy óz tújyrymyna bәribir ilandyrmaq» degen qaghidanyng aqiqattyghyna kózim taghy jete týskendey boldy. IYә, Shahanov talantty aqyn. Milliondaghan qazaqtyng jýregin jaulaghan sanauly qalamgerlerimizding biri. Endigi jerde darynyn әlem júrtshylyghy moyyndap jatyr. Shahanovty moyyndau - qazaqty moyyndau. Shahanov shygharmashylyghy arqyly qazaqtyng moyyndalyp jatqanyna biz de quanamyz. Biraq sol moyyndatu qanday qúrbandyqtarmen (basqashalay aitu mýmkin emes - Á.B.) kelip jatqandyghyn bilgende azdap tiksinip qalghan da jayymyz bar. Romandy oqyp otyryp beynebir Shahanov Shynghyshanday úly aruaqtyng sonyna jaryq kýnde shyraq alyp týskendey kýide qaldyq.
Shynghyshan, shynynda da, Shahanov beynelegendey ruhany qúbyjyq pa? Joq, olay bolmauy kerek. Óz zamanynyng anyz-әngimelerimen susyndap óskenin shejireshiler san ret tәpsirlep jazghan joq pa! Dalalyq sara mәdeniyet tudyrghan batyrlyq epostardyng yqpalynda tәrbiyelenip ósken bala Temirshindi qalay ghana ruhany ergejeyli deuge auzymyz barmaq?
Osy tústa Shynghyshan dýniyege kelgen kezderi Úly Dalanyng shyghysynda jýz bergen oqighalargha az-maz toqtala ketken jón sekildi. «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresinde» osy ónirdegi taypalar arasynda bolyp jatqan ýzdiksiz qaqtyghystar, yaghny dalalyq azamat soghysy jayly bayandalady. Tútas mongholdyng biyleushisi, Shynghyshannyng atasy Ambaghay handy qytaylyqtardyng aldap qolgha týsirip, kergishke shegelep qaghyp óltirgenine de jarty ghasyrday ghana uaqyt bolghan. Múnday dýrbeleng kezende keshe ghana bir tudyng astynda bolghan, danqty kezderin әli úmyta qoymaghan shashyrandy taypalardyng arasynda qanday әngimeler aityluy mýmkin. Kónekóz jazbalar búghan «El arasynda býkil elding basyn biriktiretin, olardy jana úly jenisterge bastaytyn dana biyleushi keletindigi jayly әngimeler jii aitylatyn edi» dep jauap beredi. Áriyne, halyq kýtken búl tarihy oryngha birden-bir layyq jan keshegi ómiri azappen ýzilgen Ambaghay hannyng nemeresi, bórjigennen shyqqan Esuhey bahadýrding ýlken balasy Temirshin bolatyn. Búl әngimelerding Vifleemnen shyqqan adamzatty qútqarushy Isa Mәsih jayly bizding jyl sanauymyzdyng baz kezindegi әngimelermen úqsastyghy sonday, Úly Dalanyng osy ónirinde jana payghambardy kýtken Aldynghy Aziyadaghy sol bir kónil-kýiler aragha myng jyl salyp qayta qaytalanyp jatqanday әser qaldyratyn. Bozbala Isa sekildi bala Temirshinning de óz missiyasyna ishtey qatty dayyndalghandyghy anyq. Biraq alda ony adamgershilik pen ar-namys syngha týsetin tauqymetti taghdyr kýtip túr edi.
Esuhey bahadýr Temirshinine qonyrat Day sheshenning qyzy Bórteni aittyryp kele jatqan saparynda tatarlardyng qolynan ulanyp ólgesin, keshe ghana úiyp otyrghanday bolghan shanyraqtan baq ketken. Esuheyding jesiri Óelin kýieuinen múragha qalghan biylikti qolynda ústap qala almady. Tónireginde toptasyp otyrghan rulas aghayyndary búlardan alapes kórgendey bir týnde beze kóshti. Óelin Esuheyden qalghan taghy bir әiel jәne tórt bala, bir qyzben dalada qaldy. IYә, keshe ghana jarylqap túrghanday bolghan Tәniri syrt ainalam dese bir-aq sәt. Al sol syrt ainalu jigerdi qayraytyn syndarly syn bolyp shyqsa she! Qalay degenmen de Temirshinning ózining júldyzdy taghdyryna sengendigi anyq.
Temirshinning ózimen әkesi bir, sheshesi bólek Bekter bauyryn óltiretini de osy tús. Bolashaq jahanger múnday qanqúily iske nelikten bardy, әreket astarynda ne sebep jatty, osy arada búghan da oy kózin jýgirte ketken jón sekildi.
Osy arada bizding Lev Gumiylevting «Qúpiya patshalyqty izdeu» kitabyna, dәlirek aitqanda, onyng «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» tasasyna jasyrghan qúpiyalargha boylaytyn taraularyna toqtala ketkenimiz oryndy. Lev Gumiylev shejiredegi osy oqighany bayandaytyn túsqa әr týrli qyrynan mәtindik, logikalyq taldau jasay kelip, Bekter Temirshinning syrtynan tynshylyq jýrgizgen bolsa kerek degen baylamgha keledi. IYә, aidalada jalghyz qalghan ýidegi bolashaqta býkil mongholdy biyleytin bolady dep el ishindegi anyz-әngimeler dәriptep jýrgen balanyng kónil týkpirinde qanday qozghalystar bolyp jatqandyghyn bilip otyrugha halyq birliginen góri ózining «bólip al da biyley ber» jeke biyligin tәuir kóretin aqsýiekter mýddeli bolatyn. Al Temirshin jayly onday mәlimetterdi berip otyratyn jalghyz pende bauyry Bekter edi. Gumiylev Temirshin osy súrqay shyndyqty bilip qalghan bolsa kerek dep baylam jasaydy. Qazirge deyin «Qúpiya shejirenin» mәtinine taldau júmysyn jýrgizgen jalghyz ghalym Lev Gumiylev ekendigin eskersek, bizding de osy baylamgha toqtaghanymyz dúrys. Bekterding Temirshindi satqandyghy kýmәn tudyrmaydy. Al satqyngha qashanda ólim jazasy layyq. Óitkeni bozbala Temirshinning oi-sanasynda búl kezderi keshegi Ambaghay atasynan qalghan eldi qayta biriktiru jayly armannyng pisip-jetilip jatqandyghy anyq edi. Múnday úly múrat jolynda әlsizdik tanytsa bauyryn da ayaugha bolmaytyn. (Gogoliding óz balasyn atyp óltirgen ataqty Taras Bulbasyn eske týsireyik - Á.B.) Dalanyng mәrt jauyngerlik salty sonday aqadal qataldyqty talap etetin. Osy taldaudan keyin-aq, biz keshegi Kenes ókimeti túsyndaghy tarihshylarymyzdyng týsindirgenindey, Shynghyshannyng balyq ýshin bolghan bolymsyz eregeste bauyryn da óltire salatyn bezbýirek jan emes, kerisinshe, úly múrat jolynda ózin de, ózgeni de ayamaytyn jigerli, birbetkey jan ekendigin andar edik. Endi «Qúpiya shejire» avtory oqighany nege bolghan kýiinde bayandamady degen saualgha keleyik. Saualgha bylay jauap beruge bolady: «Shejirede» Bekter ólimining sebebi ashyq tәpsirlenetin bolsa, búl bir tudyng astyna qayta birige bastaghan elding auyz birligine syzat týsirer edi, bauyr bauyrgha jau bolghandyghy anyqtalatyn. «Qúpiya shejire» avtorynyng oqigha sebebin túspaldap qana ótetindigi de sondyqtan. Býgingi úrpaqqa toghyz ghasyr búryn jýz bergen búlynghyr oqigha astarynan shyndyqty shyjymdap shygharugha qyraghy oy kózi kerek. IYә, iyә, bizge tarihty qayta oqugha tura kelmek. Bәlkim, biraz jayttardy janasha baghalauymyz da kerek shyghar.
Keshe ghana dýniyeden ótken Qaltay Múhamedjanov aghamyz «Shynghyshan jayly jazugha shama-sharqym jetpedi» dep ókinedi. Bolmasa ol jayly derekterdi ghúmyr boyy jinap-aq baqqan ghoy. Sonday-aq, Beybarys babamyzdy somdaghan has talant Núrmahan Jantórinning de sahnagha alyp shyqsam dep ghúmyr boyy ansaghan obrazy Shynghyshan bolghany belgili. Kezdeysoqtyq pa? Joq, olay bolmasa kerek. Shynghyshannyng jan dýniyesi kýrdeli ruhany zor túlgha bolghandyghyn anlaghandyqtarynan bolar.
IYә, Batys oqyrmanyn oiynan shyghamyn dep Úly dalanyng úly tarihyn qúrbandyqqa shalugha bolmaydy. Shahanov romanyn oqyp otyryp eriksiz osynday oigha qalasyn. Degenmen, tarihty bylay qoya túryp, jeke túlgha turaly sóilegen jón bolatyn shyghar. Mysaly, Shahanov óz romanynda jary Bórteni oi-múraty jaghynan Shynghyshangha qarsy adam retinde sipattaydy. Biraq Shahanov Bórte anamyzdy úly qosaghyna qarsy qanshama arandatqysy kelgenimen, tarihy Temirshin-Shynghyshannyng adamdyq qasiyetteri jaghynan Shahanovtyq әdeby psevdo - Shynghyshannan bәribir joghary túratyndyghyn, Bórtemen arasynda tolyq týsinistik bolghandyghyn da úmytpaghan jón.
«Qúpiya shejire» otau qúrghandarynyng ekinshi jyly Temirshinnen Bórteni merkitterding tartyp alyp ketetindigi turaly bayandaydy. Bozbala Temirshinning atqa qonyp alghashqy nartәuekel iske bel baylaytyny da osy tús.
Ókil әkesi kereyt Túghyryl han men andasy Jamuhagha qolqa salyp, әsker jinap, qol bastap maydangha kirip jaryn merkitterden qaytaryp aluy bozbala Temirshinning ataqty Shynghyshangha ainaluynyng alghashqy qadamy edi. Búl oqighany Gumiylev «Dalalyq shaghyn Troya soghysy» dep asqaqtata baghalaytyny bar. «Qúpiya shejire» avtory osy bir tústaghy Shynghyshannyng kónil kýiin mynanday sózder arqyly jetkizedi.
Jau merkitter әlek sap,
Jaralady janymdy.
Japa etti jarymdy,
Asyl tútar arymdy.
Meninshe, baghasy armen ólshengen Dala әieline (jalpy әiel zatyna - Á.B.) búdan artyq qúrmet kerek emes sekildi.
Ras, «Qúpiya shejire» avtory nәzik bosansulargha qarsy.
Sóz saptasyna sentiymentalidyq tipten jat. Lev Gumiylevting avtor aqsýiek jauynger bolsa kerek dep topshylaytynynday-aq bar. Biraq osy bir belgisiz Aqtamberdi bәlkim Shalkiyizding ózi Temirshinning merkit qolyna týsip qalghan Bórtege degen jan shyrqyratar sezimine kelgende әlsizdik tanytyp alady: «Merkitter ýrkip, týni boyy Selengini qúlday qashqanda, әskerler artynan qua soghyp, jaylaydy. Temirshin qashqan elderding ishinen «Bórte, Bórte!» dep aiqaylap izdegende, ýrkip bara jatqan elding ishindegi Bórte ýjin Temirshindi dausynan tanyp, keyquat kempir ekeui kýimeden týse jýgirip, Temirshinning shylbyryna orala ketedi. Aydyng jaryghymen tanyghan Temirshin ony qúshaqtap aimalaydy» («Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» - 110 b). IYә, Dala jyrauy Temirshin men Bórtening arasyndaghy sezim turaly bizden jaqsy bilgen. Sezimdi jyrlaugha kelgende әlsizdik tanytatyny da sondyqtan. Kim biledi, bәlkim, onyng baghyna Bórte apamyzdyng qolynan bir kese qymyz ishu baqyty da búiyrghan bolar-au.
Sóz sóz, biraq bizding de artyqbas qiyaldanugha qaqymyz joq. Býgingi adamzattyng amalsyz bolsa da ózgemen tósektes bolghan әiel zatyna kózqarasy qanday bolatynyn qaydam, al Temirshinning Bórte anamyzgha solay bolyp qalghan eken-au dep bir mezet te kóz alartpaghandyghy anyq. Qayta osy bir tústyng ruhaniy-moralidyq bar auyrtpalyghyn óz moynyna alghan sekildi. Merkitten dýniyege kelui mýmkin Joshysyna da qyryn qaraghan joq. Býkil múrasyn osy Bórte bәibishesinen tughan tórt úlyna múra etetindigin sol úly mahabbattyng janghyryghy dep týsinsek jón. Otbasy men jargha adaldyq qasiyeti jaghynan kelgende Shynghyshan babamyz aragha on ghasyrday uaqyt salyp barypt ta bizge ýlgi bolyp qala bermek. Bar aitarymyz, býgingi úrpaqtyng Napoleon men Jozefina, Sezari men Kleopatranyng mahabbatyn ghana emes, Shynghyshan men Bórtening sýiispenshiligin de bilip óskeni jón.
Endi Shahanov әngimeleytin taghy bir tarihy túlghagha toqtalayyq. Ol Otyrardyng biyleushisi ataqty Qayyrhan. Marqúm tarihshy Serjan Músatayúly Aqynjanov «Qazaqstannyng orta ghasyrlyq tarihyndaghy qypshaqtar» kitabynda shejireshi Jujanidan mynanday mysal keltiredi: «615 (1216) jyly... Horezm shahy Múhamed IYemekten shyqqan Iakaftannyng úly týrkistandyq Qadyrhannyng elin oirandaugha attandy». IYә, iyә, Horezm shahy basqa emes, Shahanov tamsana suretteytin dәl Qadyrhan-Inalshyq Qayyrhannyng elin oirandaugha attanyp otyr. Biraq nege ekeni belgisiz, arada taghy bir-eki jyl ótkende osy Qayyrhan ózine keshe ghana teperish kórsetken Horezm shahyna adaldyghyn tanytu maqsatynda týrki-mongholdyng keruenin tas-talqan etip qyryp salady. Osylaysha, Otyrardyng týrki-mongholdyng qayqy qylyshynyng astyna týsuine sebepshi bolady. Keshegi dala jauyngeri nelikten búlay jaza basty, oghan dәl jauap joq, biraq boljamdar jasaugha bolady. Áytse de bizge dәl qazir ol boljamdardyng qajeti qansha. Bar bolghany qyzylbas parsygha tәueldi Inalshyq Qayyrhannyng óz bauyrlaryna qylysh kótergendigin aitsaq ta jetkilikti. IYә, iyә, óz bauyrlaryna qylysh kótergendigin. Basqashalay bagha beru mýmkin emes. Búlay deytinimiz, resmy tarih HI-HII ghasyrlarda Syr men Jetisuda azghantay mólsherde bolsa da jartylay monghol tildes úlystardyng bolghandyghyn joqqa shygharmaydy. IYә, iyә, ol kezdegi monghol men qypshaq audarmashysyz-aq erkin týsinise alghan. Bizge osy monghol men týrkining ghúnnan baryp qosylatyndyghyn da úmytpaghan jón-au. Al bala Temirshinning ol tarihtan da habary bar bolsa she. Jalpy, Temirshinning dalalyq auyz әdebiyeti tudyrghan qanday epostardy tyndap ósui mýmkin? Ol epostardyng mazmúny qanday edi? Dәl sol kezderi ótkennen syr shertetin tarihy myng jyldyq «Manas» ispetti dastandar bolmady ma eken? Amal qansha, biz búl saualdargha jauap bere almaymyz. Biraq Aqynjanov әngime qylatyn úranqay taypasy men Temirshinning arghy atasy Bodanshar shauyp alyp bodan qylatyn úranqaylar arasynda paralleli izdenister jýrgizuge bolatyn sekildi. Osy arada H-HI ghasyrlardaghy Úly Dala tarihyndaghy kýngirtteu tústargha sәule týsire alsaq, Shynghyshandy jaulaushy emes, ata-baba mekenining tútastyghyn qayta qalpyna keltirushi retinde de nasihattau mýmkindigi bar ekendigi angharylmaq.
IYә, Shynghyshan jaugershiligi artyna Resey men Qytay ispetti eki úly memleketti múra etip qaldyrdy. Býgingi Qazaqstan alyp jatqan territoriya da sol Shynghyshannan qalghan miras. Nemeresi Qúbylay hannyng túsynda Soltýstik pen Ontýstik bolyp qyrqysyp jatqan Qytaydyng basyn biriktiru mýmkindigi tudy. Keyingi Resey bolsa Temirshin qúrghan imperiyanyng tikeley múrageri bolyp qaldy. Sonday-aq, býgingi orystyng ózining batystaghy slavyan bauyrlarynan góri týrkilerge jaqyndau ekendigin ghylymy zertteuler de joqqa shygharmaydy. (Erenjen Hara-Davan. «Chingishan kak polkovodes y ego naslediya», 1992, str 252.) Jaulap barghan jerindegi halyqtyng diny senimine qiyanat jasamau da úly Shynghyshannan qalghan ónege. Tipti, onyng úrpaqtarynyng pravoslavie shirkeulerin salyqtan bosatqandyghy jayly da derekter bar. Orys jylnamashylary Shynghyshan úrpaqtarynyng biri bir knyazdikten týsken salyqty týgelimen derlik shirkeu qoryna audartqany turaly jazady. Týrki tili orys knyaziderining sarayynda bertinge deyin keng qoldanysta bolghandyghyn da úmytpaghan jón. (G.V.Vernadskiy «Mongoly y Rusi», 1997, str 390). Al Pushkinning ózi keyipkerine ainaldyrghan Boris Godunovty taza týrki edi desek kim sener. Kompas, qaghaz, optika sekildi órkeniyet ýlgilerining Batysqa Shynghyshan joryghy arqyly jetkendigi de el biletin shyndyq. Adamzat tarihyn jana biyikterge kótergen osynday úly isterding bastauynda túrghan Shynghyshannyng qolbasshylyq qabileti turaly әngime óz aldyna bir bólek. Memlekettik qayratker retinde de úzaghynan әngimeleuge bolady.
Bizding eng basty aitqymyz kelgeni, tarihy Shynghyshannyng Shahanov romanyndaghy әdeby keyipkerden tipti basqa ekendigi. Shahanov Yuniy Yuvenaldyng «Eshbir qatygez jan baqytty bola almaq emes» degen sózin keltire otyryp, Shynghyshandy adamy baqyttan qúralaqan ozbyr retinde suretteydi. Al biz biletin Shynghyshan turaly fransuz halqynyng úly perzenti Napoleonnyng «Men Shynghyshanday baqytty bola almadym» degen moyyndau sózi bar. Shynghyshanday úly túlghagha búdan artyq qanday moyyndau qajet!
2001 jyl.

(jalghasy bar)

"Abay-aqparat"