Adam balasynyng ruhany ómirine eleuli týrde nәr bergen, mәdeny ómirdi qalyptastyrugha orasan zor ýles qosqan eng kóne dýniyetanymnyng biri bolyp tabylatyn óner men onyng sipaty jәne tarihy kezenderine qazirgi zaman biyiginen bagha beru mәselesi býgingi tanda mәdeniyettanushy ghalymdardyng nazaryn audaryp otyr.

Álem elderindegi әrbir últ ókilderi ózderining tól ónerin, mәdeniyetin, estetikalyq oilau tarihtaryn zerttep, adamzat ruhaniyatyna belgili dengeyde ýlesterin qosyp keledi. Osy orayda, erekshe atap ótetin bir jayt bar. Jalpy óner, estetika ghylymyn tanuda zertteuding negizgi ústanymy - tariyh-filosofiyalyq әdisteme bolugha tiyis. Tek osy әdistemening arqasynda ghana san týrli shemalyqtan, modelideuden, estetikanyng sholastikalyq týsindirulerinen aulaq túrudyng mýmkindigi tuady. Sonymen qatar óner, kórkemdik sana, kórkem obraz, tuyndy jasau tәsil, ónerding mazmúny, formasy, shygharmashylyq sekildi estetika ghylymynyng úghymdaryn, kategoriyalaryn retimen, mәnine say zerdelep tanugha qadam jasalady. Onymen de shektelmey tarihy qalyptasudyng kezenderin anyqtaugha әdistemelik negiz salady.

Adam balasynyng ruhany ómirine eleuli týrde nәr bergen, mәdeny ómirdi qalyptastyrugha orasan zor ýles qosqan eng kóne dýniyetanymnyng biri bolyp tabylatyn óner men onyng sipaty jәne tarihy kezenderine qazirgi zaman biyiginen bagha beru mәselesi býgingi tanda mәdeniyettanushy ghalymdardyng nazaryn audaryp otyr.

Álem elderindegi әrbir últ ókilderi ózderining tól ónerin, mәdeniyetin, estetikalyq oilau tarihtaryn zerttep, adamzat ruhaniyatyna belgili dengeyde ýlesterin qosyp keledi. Osy orayda, erekshe atap ótetin bir jayt bar. Jalpy óner, estetika ghylymyn tanuda zertteuding negizgi ústanymy - tariyh-filosofiyalyq әdisteme bolugha tiyis. Tek osy әdistemening arqasynda ghana san týrli shemalyqtan, modelideuden, estetikanyng sholastikalyq týsindirulerinen aulaq túrudyng mýmkindigi tuady. Sonymen qatar óner, kórkemdik sana, kórkem obraz, tuyndy jasau tәsil, ónerding mazmúny, formasy, shygharmashylyq sekildi estetika ghylymynyng úghymdaryn, kategoriyalaryn retimen, mәnine say zerdelep tanugha qadam jasalady. Onymen de shektelmey tarihy qalyptasudyng kezenderin anyqtaugha әdistemelik negiz salady.

Óner men estetikanyng damu tarihynyng ózi filosofiya ghylymynyng tarihymen etene astasyp, teoriyalyq, әdistemelik túrghydan óte-móte juyqtasady. Aytalyq, ony әlem tarihynda esimderi altyn әrippen jazylghan iri filosoftardyng kóbinese estetikalyq oilaudyng teoriyasyn, praktikasyn, kórkemdik sanany, ónerding qoghamdyq ómirde atqaratyn rólin óz qaghidalarynyng ayasynda, jýiening aumaghynda qarastyrghandyghynan angharugha bolady. Olay bolsa, ónertanudyn, estetika ghylymyn zertteuding irgeli әdistemesining ózi jalpy filosofiya tarihyn tanudyng basty tәsiline ainaluyna jaghday jasaghandyghyna әbden kóz jetkizuge bolady.

Óner degen úghymnyng ózi san salaly, mazmúny tereng әri sipaty jaghynan arnasy keng bolyp keledi.  Atalmysh úghym kýndelikti ómir men kәsiby mamandyqtyng ayasynda qoldanylatyn aiyrmashylyqtaryna qaramastan óner tuyndysy retinde de, kýndelikti ómirdegi oqighalar nemese tabighat kórinisterin aishyqtaghannyng ózinde adamdy sezim әlemine jetelemek. Osy bir aiyryqsha ýrdiske alghash ret nemis aghartushysy A. Baumgarten nazar audarghan. Ol HÝIII ghasyrdyng ortasynda ghylymy zertteu salasyna estetika degen termindi engizgendigimen tarihta belgili ghalym.

Óner salasy әlemge keng taraghan ghylymy nysandardyng biri әri ol ózining týp tamyryn ejelgi mifologiyadan bastaydy. Adam qolymen jasalghan nemese tabighy ónimdi sezinu arqyly kónil tolqyp tebirenudi angharghan, oghan taldau jasap, payymday bastaghan sәtten ónertanudyng alghysharty negiz alsa kerek.  Osylaysha ainala әlem turaly payymdau men dýniyetanym payda bolghan.

Óner tuyndysynyng sipattary men oghan say keletin kónil tebirenisining ósuin estetika ghylymynyng irgeli kategoriyasy bolyp tabylatyn әsemdik jayyndaghy úghymgha teluge degen talpynys jasalyp keldi. Tanghajayyp, tragediyalyq, komediyalyq nemese batyrlyq syndy úghymdar kórkemdik kategoriyalarmen salystyryludyng nәtiyjesinde ózindik mәn mazmúnyn tabady. Jalpy, dýniyeni sezinu  arqyly tanudyn  әrtýrli tipteri ony bir jaghynan ghana aishyqtauy mýmkin. Olay bolsa, ónerdi ghylymnyng biregey qúrylymy desek, onyng irgetasy kórkemdik jayyndaghy kategoriya bolmaq. Eger imandylyqty, iygilikti isti etika qarastyrsa, shyndyqty tabu ghylymnyng irgeli kategoriyasy ekeni anyq. Al, estetikanyng kategoriyasy etika men diny mazmúndy birdey ón boyyna siniretindigimen erekshelenedi.

Tragediyalyq nemese komediyalyq nysannyng jalpygha ortaq tiptik obrazy shygharmalarda nemese melodrama sekildi ónerding ózi tudyrghan janrlar arqyly kórinis tapqany bolmasa ómirding ózining tikeley kóshirmesi emes. Adam balasynyng sezimine eleuli týrde әser etetin mazmúny tereng oily kórinister óner tuyndysy arqyly jetkende ghana onyng qúndylyghy arta týspek. Onyng әsemdikti pash etetin qabileti tabighy kórinisterding ishki syry men sipatyn jәne syrtqy kelbetin simvoldyq kórkemdik tәsilmen aishyqtaytyndyghynda. Ataqty filosof IY.Kant «Adam qolymen jasalghanday kórinetin tabighy dýniyening bәri tamasha. Al, óner tabighat ónimi sekildi kórinse onda tipti ghajap» degen.

Adamnyng oida saqtau qabileti kónil tolqytu sәtterdi týrlendire týsedi. Kórkemdik payymdy tudyratyn mehanizmning eng qysqa anyqtamasy «bolyp ótken oqighanyng bәri ghajap» degen túraqty tirkeste jatyr. Sondyqtan da, ghalym M. Bahtin «bizding oida saqtau qabiletimiz ómirding estetikalyq mazmúnyn arttyra týsedi» dep anyqtaghan. Uaqyttyng alystay týsui kónil kýige tolyqqandy beyneleu tetigin әkeledi. Búrynghylardyng «Ótken kýn kózge búldyr, oigha anyq» deui kezdeysoqtyq bolmasa kerek.

Damudyng alghashqy kezderinde kórkemdik sana dýniyetanym jayyndaghy filosofiyalyq payymdarynyng ayasynda qarastyryldy. Tarihy kezenderde ol damu mazmúnyn ózgertumen boldy. Aytalyq, ejelgi dәuirde filosofiya, orta ghasyrda teologiya, dintanu ayasynda damysa, qayta dәuirleu kezinde kórkem óner sheberleri ony praktikalyq shenberde jýzege asyrdy. Al, HVII - HVIII ghasyrda әdebiy-kórkem syn men publisistika salasyna kóbirek sýienetin boldy. IY.Kant, F.Shiller, F.Shilling, G.Gegeliderding tuyndylarynda kórinis tapqan nemis klassikalyq estetikasynda óner talghamynyng tolyqtay qúrylymy payda boldy.

Kórkemdik oidyng damuy óner filosofiyasynyng teoriyasyn bayytugha, onyng tújyrymdamalaryn terendetuge әkelgen empirikalyq bayqaudyng úzaq merzimdik kezenderin tudyrdy. Damudyng әr salasy ónerding sipatyn aiqyndaugha, tuyndy men onyng payymynyng baghdaryn, zandylyqtaryn tanugha baghyttaldy. Osynyng ózinen onyng negizgi tújyrymynyng filosofiyalyq sipatyn angharugha bolady. Alayda, onyng týp tamyrynda payda kózdeushilikting joqtyghyn bile alamyz. Kórkemdik oy - ózining layyqty qúrylymyn týrli satylyq taldaular, klassikalyq jәne kópshilik talghamynyng damu baghyttary, әrtýrli sebep saldarlar jәne tuyndygerlerding shygharmashylyq ýrdisterin jiti baqylau arqyly qalyptasady. Iri kólemdegi estetikalyq qúrylymdar jýiesin jasaghan ataqty filosoftardyng ózi belgili bir óner janrlaryn tolyq týsinip, kórkemdik tәsilderge, týrli aghymdardyng tarihy erekshelikterine sýiengen. Olardyng qataryna Gegeldi, Nissheni, Bargsondy, Ortega y Gassetti, Sartrdy, Haydeggerdi jatqyzugha bolady.

Kórkem dýnie ainalany beyne arqyly belgili bir formamen bizge jetkizedi. Ony keng arnada qarastyrsaq, әrbir óner tuyndysy kórkemdik ýrdis ózinen tys túrghan (óndiris, sport t.s.s.) qyzmetterding ortaq sipaty, kórkemdik payymy, jalpy tabighy bolmys.

Muzyka, beyneleu óneri, әdebiyet sekildi óner týrlerining ústanymdaryn qalyptastyratyn kórkemdik tәsilding jalpy sipatyn anyqtaugha degen qúlshynys әdebiyettanu, ónertanu, muzykatanu syndy salalardyng ayasynda qarastyrylady. Qysqasy, әrbir kórkem óner týrlerine jasalatyn estetikalyq taldau makro jәne mikro dengeyde anyqtalady.

Olay bolsa, býginde әdeby tuyndylarymyz nege oqylmaydy, teatrlarymyzdyng zaldary nege kórermenderge lyq tolmaydy, kinolarymyzgha júrt nege lek-legimen aghylyp kelip jatpaydy degendey san týrli saualdargha beriletin eng negizgi jauap óner shygharmashylyghyna degen tanym kókjiyegimizdi keneytu, estetikalyq talghamymyzdy jogharylatu der edik. Ol ýshin atalmysh sala boyynsha beriletin jalpy jәne irgeli bilimning sapasy jana satygha kóteriluge tiyis dep bilemiz.