Jýregimning týbine tereng boyla,
Men bir júmbaq adammyn ony da oila.
Soqtyqpaly, soqpaqsyz jerde óstim,
Mynmen jalghyz alystym, kinә qoyma.

Jýregimning týbine tereng boyla,
Men bir júmbaq adammyn ony da oila.
Soqtyqpaly, soqpaqsyz jerde óstim,
Mynmen jalghyz alystym, kinә qoyma.

Abay bolashaq úrpaqqa sózin osylay arnady. Búl ótkenning kúlazyghan ghasyrlarynan ózine beytanys, basqa, biraq jarqyn bolashaqqa senimdi jol salghan aqynnyng aitqan sózi edi. Dalany torlaghan nadandyq týnegine ol sham-shyraqtay sәule tókti jәne tany atyp, kýni shyghatyn jaqqa aparatyn joldy óz halqyna talmastan kórsetti.
IYә, ózi ómir keshken jәne óleng jazghan ghasyr ýshin Abay júmbaq boldy. Al ol biz ýshin júmbaq pa?
Biz Abaydy qazir qaranghy júmbaq retinde emes, qazaq әdebiyetining sham-shyraghy retinde qabyldaymyz. Sosialistik úly Otannyng ózara ortaq iydeyalarymen, kýresimen, jenisterimen tuysyp ketken halyqtary Abaydy qasterlep eske alady.
Aqynnyng qaytys bolghanyna elu jyl ótti. Biraq biz ýshin Abay ótken kýnning ghana aqyny emes, halyqtyng algha qaray qajyrly úmtyluynda akyn onymen birge boldy - al múnday akyn ólmek emes, óitkeni onyng shygharmalaryna uaqyt shek qoya almaydy.
Qazaq halqy bir kezde adamnyng ómirin mýshelmen sanaghan. Al poeziyanyng anyz bolghan qaynary Ábilhayattan mәngi suyn tatqan jyrshy ýshin mýshel ghasyrlarmen ólshenedi. Ózining enbegin jete baghalamaghan jәne az týsingen zamandastaryn artqa tastap, Abay dәl býgingidey, bizding qasymyzda túr.
Halqynyng kýresi men azabyn, taghdyryn óz ýlesine alghan aqynnyng esimin bizding әdiletti sovet halqy asa qasterleydi. Abaydyng qaytys bolghanyna elu jyl tolghanyn atap óte otyryp, biz aqynnyng uaqyt synynan mýdirmey ótken úmytylmas, qymbatty jәne úly múrasyn eske alamyz.
Ózining kóptegen tústastarynyng aituyna qaraghanda Abay ólendi óte erte, on eki jasynan bastap shygharghan. Onyng búl kezende shygharghandarynyng kópshiligi bizge jetken joq. Abaydyng jas kezindegi ólenderining keybireuleri jәne birqatary úmytylghan, bolmasa joghalyp ketken, shygharmalarynyng attary ghana saqtalghan. Mysaly, sýiikti qyzy Toghjangha arnalghan ólenderining tek bastapqy joldary ghana belgili, jas Abaydyng aqyn qyz Quandyqpen aitysuynyng auyzsha mazmúny ghana saqtalghan. Qazaqstanda ol kezde jazu, syzu nashar damyghan bolghandyqtan bizde Abaydyng jas kezdegi ólenderin saqtaghan, onyn, ómir tarihyn bayandaytyn, tústastary jazghan memuarlar, hattar, jazbalar joq. Ýstem tap ókilderining aqyngha degen qatynasynyng da salqyny búghan az tiygen joq. Eger halyq poeziyany tereng qasterlep, aqyn atyn joghary baghalasa, ru baylary: «Qúdaygha shýkir, bizding rudan bir de aqyn, bir de baqsy shyqqan joq» dep kýpinetin. Poeziyagha osynday kózqarastyng әserimen Abay ózining kóptegen ólenderin jaqsy dostarynyng atynan taratqan.
Ru talastarynyng qym-quyt dau-janjalyna amalsyz aralastyrylghan Abay әkesining әdiletsizdigimen, qataldyghymen kelise almady jәne kóp isterge, әkesining yrqyna kónbey, әdil ýkim shygharyp otyrdy. Abaydyng halyq arasynan shyqqan adal, aqylgóy adamdarmen dos boluy jәne jas kezinen bastap orys mәdeniyetine boy úruy Qúnanbaygha únamady. Qatal, ailaly әke men әdiletti, qaysar balanyng arasynda eleuli tartystar jiyi-jii bolyp túrdy.
Jiyrma segiz jasqa kelgende Abay әkesimen birjola ajyrasady. Ol endi taghdyryn ózi belgiley alatyn bolady. Abay, eng aldymen, orys tilin ýirenuge qaytadan bet búrady.
Onyng jana dostary, negizinen, kedey rulardan shykqan talantty jastar, aqyndar, jyrshylar jәne orys intelliygensiyasynyng tandauly ókilderi bolady. Eseygen, mәdeniyeti ósken Abay orystyng klassikalyq әdebiyeti men Shyghystyng halyq tvorchestvosyn oqy bastaydy.
Otyz bes jasqa kelgende ghana Abay tvorchestvogha qayta oralady. Biraq búl kezende de Abay óz ólenderin jas dostarynyng atynan taratady. Tek 1886 jyly, qyryq jastan asqan song «Jaz» degen ataqty ólenin jazghannan keyin ghana Abay shygharmalaryna óz atyn qoyady.
Otyz jastargha kelgende Abay feodaldyq-rulyq ortadan birjola týniledi. Ol patsha ýkimeti tútandyryp otyrghan rulyq tartystyng halyq ýshin óte auyrgha soghatynyn anyq kóredi.
Naghyz akyn, әri patriot Abay halyqqa onyng nege qasiret shegetinin týsindiruge tyrysty. Ózining ólenderinde ol feodaldyq-rulyq biylep-tósteushilerdi ayausyz әshkereleydi jәne halyqty óner-bilimge shaqyrady.
Abay orystyng jer auyp kelgen jetpisinshi-sekseninshi jyldardaghy revolusionerlerimen tanysady. Olar - revolusiyashyl intelliygensiyasynyng ókilderi, Chernyshevskiyding jolyn kuushylar edi. Solardyng biri E. P. Mihaelis - Shelgunovtyng jaqyn dosy, belsendi qyzmettesi bolghan.
Mihaelis te, sonday-aq Semeyge keyinirek jer auyp kelgen onyng pikirlesteri de jas adamdar bolatyn. Abaydyng olarmen tanystyghy keshikpey ýlken dostyqqa ainalady. Orys dostary Abaydyng óz betimen bilim aluyna erekshe nazar audaryp, zor kómek kórsetedi. Olar Abaydan qazaq halqynyng tarihy, poeziyasy, әdet-ghúrpy jәne iskusstvosy jayynda kóp mәlimet alady, ózderine beytanys ólkening tabighiy-geografiyalyq, ekonomikalyk jaghdaylaryn, túrmysyn zertteydi. Mesheu qalghan qiyrdaghy ólkege orys mәdeniyetin túnghysh taratushylar da, halyqtyng ómiri men túrmysyn ózgertudin, ony aghartudyng jaqtaushylary da solar boldy. Biz Mihaelisting kóptegen enbekterin jәne Leontievting «Obychnoe pravo u kiyr¬gizov» degen kólemdi zertteuin bilemiz. Orystyng demokratiyalyq intelliygensiyasynyng búl ókilderi halyqty aghartudy sarizmge qarsy kýresting manyzdy qúraly dep sanady. Abay siyaqty adamdardy orys әdebiyeti klassikterining jәne orys mәdeniyetining basqa da aldynghy qatarly ókilderinin múrasymen tanystyru - olar ýshin, әriyne, manyzdy mindet boldy.
Abaydyng búl dostary orystyng úly jazushylary men aldynghy qatarly sayasiy-әleumettik qayratkerlerining enbekteri men oilarynda beynelengen orys halqy turaly shyndyqty qazaq ólkesining kalyng enbekshi búkarasyna jetkizuge tyrysty. XIX ghasyrdaghy azattyq iydeyalargha toly orystyng klassikalyq әdebiyetining asqan gumanizmi men tereng revolusiyashyldyghy, onyng sarizmge qarsy óshpendiligi, onyng ezilgen búqarany qorghap kótergen óshpes dauysy Sibiride de, Qazaqstanda da qoghamdyq oidy ómirge oyatty, tәrbiyeledi.
Al, Abay bolsa qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyghy qaranghylyqtan qútylatyn birden-bir dúrys joly - orys jәne qazaq mәdeniyetining jaqyndasuynda dep bildi.
Úly aqyn-aghartushy halyqtardyng tuysqandyghy men dostyghy iydeyalaryn jaqtaushy boldy Ózining ólenderinde ol qazaq halqyna orys halqyn patsha otarshyldarynan aiyra biludi kórsetuge tyrysty.
Tura tildi kisini deymiz orys, Jiyrenip, jylmandyqty demes búrys. Jylpyldaqtap airylyp, senise almay Adamdyqty joghaltar aqyr búl is. Senimi joq sermende syrdy búzdy. Anyq taza kórmeymiz-dosymyzdy Qylt etpege kenilding keshui jok, Jýreginde jatady ókpe syzy. Dos asyqtyng bolmaydy betendigi Qosylghan bosaspaydy jýrek jigi.
Orys halqynyng ruhany mәdeniyetinin, naghyz baghalylyqtaryn tauyp, tanyghan shaqta Abaydyng oy órisi meylinshe keneyedi. Abay Pushkin men Lermontovtyn, Krylovtyn, Saltykov-Shedrin men Lev Tolstoydyng qúshtar ardaqtaushysy bolady. 1886 jyldan bastap ol Krylov, Pushkiyn, Lermontovtyng shygharmalaryn qazaq tiline audarady.
Abay tek qana aqyn emes, sonymen birge muzykant, qazaqtyng halyq muzykasyn tereng bilgen, jete baghalaghan adam boldy. Ol birqatar melodiyalar shyghardy. Aqynnyng melodiyalary, negizinen, onyng qazaq poeziyasyna janalyq engizgen ólenderine («Segiz ayaq», «Alty ayaq», t. b.) arnalghan edi. Ol ózining «Evgeniy Oneginnen» jasaghan ýzindi audarmalaryna da osynday melodiyalar shygharghan. 1887-89 jyldarda Pushkin esimi jәne onyng geroylary Onegin men Tatiyananyng esimderi sol әndermen birge býkil dalagha keng taraldy, qazaq halqy ýshin qazaq aqyndary men qazaqtyng epikalyk poemalarynyng geroylarynday sýiikti, jaqyn bolyp ketti.
Sekseninshi jyldardyng ayaq kezinde aqyn, oishyl, mu¬zykant Abay halyq jaqsy biletin әri asa qadyr tútatyn kisi bolady. Oghan tipti alys jerlerden aqyndar, muzykanttar, jyrshylar keledi. Danqty Birjan, soqyr aqyn Ajar, Quandyq, Sara jәne basqalar onyng ólenderin býkil keng dalagha taratady.
Múqa, Aqylbay, Kәkitay, Maghauiya siyaqty jas talanttar, aqyndar, jyrshylar Abaydyng tóniregine toptalady. Olardyn keybireuleri Abaydan ýlgi alyp, ózdiginen bilimin kóteredi, orys әdebiyetin oqyp ýirenedi, tarihi, romantikalyq jәne salt poemalaryn jazady.
Abaydyng manyna teq qazaqtar ghana emes, shyghys halyqtarynyng qughyngha úshyraghan (kóbine tatar jastary), azat oily adamdary da keledi. Sibiridegi ssylkadan óz eline qashyp bara jatkan kavkazdyktar Abay aulynda ailap jatyp qonaq bolady, Abaydyng auyly birte-birte Shyghystyng progresshil oidaghy, aldynghy qatarly adamdary keletin ortalyqqa ainalady.
Abaydyng talantyn baghalaushylardyng sany jyl sayyn molaya beredi. Tek Abaydyng óz ólenderin ghana emes, sonymen birge onyng dostarynyn da shygharmalaryn el ishinde kóshirip alyp, jattap, әnge qosyp aitady. Batys jәne orys jazushylarynyng Abay oqyghan romandarynyng mazmúnyn tyndaushy - ertekshiler auyzsha týrde býkil dalagha taratady. Orys halqynyn Úly Petr turaly ertegisi, Lermontovtyn. poemalary, Lessajdyng «Hromoy bes», tipti Dumanyng «Ýsh mushke¬ter», «Genrih Navarskiy» siyaqty shygharmalary (songhylaryn Abay oryssha audarmasynan oqyghan) shyghystyng «Shahnama», «Lәili - Mәjnýn», «Keroghly» siyaqty poemalary dalagha osylaysha kelgen.
Abay ózining balalaryn orys mektebinde oqytady. Ábdirahman degen balasy Peterburgtaghy Mihaylov ar¬tilleriya uchiliyshesin bitirgen. Al Aqylbay, Maghauiya siyaqty balalary әkesining jolyn kuyp, aqyn bolady. Aqylbay «Daghystan» atty sujettik romantikalyq poema jazady. Maghauiya shygharmalarynyng ishindegi eng tәuiri - Abaydyng aqyl-kenesimen jazylghan, qúldyng qojasy plantatormen kýresin suretteytin «Medghat- Qasym» poemasy (Poemanyng oqighasy Nilding jaghasynda bolghan).
Abaydyq jәne onyng dostarynyng aqyndyq, aghartushylyq jәne әleumettik qyzmeti feodaldyq auyldyng eskiligine, rushyl daugerlerge, halyqty qanaushylargha jәne solargha sýiengen sarizmge qarsy baghyttalady
Abaydyng enbekteri, onyng әleumettik qyzmeti jәne ýstem tapqa óshpendiligi, sarizmning senimdi jaldaptary dala feodaldarynyng yzasyn keltirdi. Olar bilimdi, kaysar aqyn tu etken iydeyalargha jәne akynnyng ózine qarsy las, zúlymdyq tartys jýrgizdi. Abaydyng búl jaulary chinovniktermen, biyleushi taptyn intelliygensiyasymen birlese otyryp qimyldady.
Abay sarizm ýshin qauipti adam qataryna, Dalalyk ólkening general-gubernatoryna deyin jetedi. Shyndyqtyng batyl jarshysy, әleumettIk tәrtipting әshkereleushisi bolghan aqyndy pristavtar, uryadnykter, bolystar ýnemi andugha alady.
Biraq aqynnyng jaulary halyqtyng Abaygha degen sýiispenshiliginen qaymyqty, sondyqtan da olar akyngha qarsy ashyq qimyl jasay almady. Olar tartystyng ne bir opasyz turlerin paydalandy. Ru basylarynyng biri, Abaydyng qas jauy - Orazbay óz manyna dalanyng Abaygha qarsy azulylarynyng barlyghyn toptaydy. Olar aqynnyng dostaryn qudalady, al Abaydyng ýstinen gubernatorgha, uezd bastyqtaryna, patsha sottaryna aiyptau aryzdar, domalaq hattar joldady, aqynnyng óz basyn «aq patshanyng jauy», «býlikshil», «әkeler men ata-ba-balardyng әdet-ghúrpyn, salt-joralghysyn búzushy» dep kinalady. Osynday aryzdardyng saldarynan birde Abaydyng aulyna Semey qalasy polismeystrining ózi janyna jandarmdar otryadyn ertip kelip, tintu jasaydy. Al, 1897 jyly biyleushilerding kórineu-kózge demeuimen feodaldar Abaygha qarsy opasyz qastandyq jasaydy.
Semeyding gubernatory da Abaygha talay ret kózin tikti. Biraq aqynnyng ez halqy arasyndaghy bedelinen kaymyghyp, ol Abaydy jer auyp kelgen dostarynan aiyrumen, olardyng tyghyz baylanysyn ýzumen ghana shekteldi.
Biraq Abaydy halyqtan bólip alugha bolmaytyn edi. Tipti alystaghy uezderden kóptegen adamdar Abaydy izdep kelip, aqyl-kenes súraytyn. Ru arasyndaghy ýlken-ýlken dau-tartystarda el eng әdil by Abaydyng ýkimine, sonyng tóreligine qúlaq asatyn. Mysaly, Qek-túma, Qaramola, Balqybek sezderinde Abay әdiletti ýkim aityp, qalyng halyq búqarasynyng mýddesin qorgh ydy.
Abaydyng әleumettik qyzmeti men akyndyq shygharmalary dala jastarynyng arasynda, әsirese, belgili boldy. Kóptegen jiyndarda, oiyn-toyda, qyz úzatyp, kelin týsirgende jyrshylar men aqyndar Abay ólenin aitatyn. Abaydyng óz aulynyng qyzdary úzatylghanda ózderining jasaularynyng ishinde Abaydyng ólenderi men poemalarynyn, naqyl sezderining qoljazba jinaqtaryn ala ketetin bolghan. Mysaly, Ásiya, Uәsila, Rahila siyaqty jәne basqa da qyzdardyng sonday qoljazba jinaqtary osy kýnge deyin saqtalghan.
Dalanyng atqaminerleri men baylary Abaydyng danqy halyq arasyna keng taraghanyn kóre almay, aqyndy jәne onyng dostaryn kughyngha úshyratqanyn jogharyda aittyq. Olar Abaydyng jaqyndaryn, tipti tughan aghasy Tәkejandy da aqyngha qarsy jauyqtyrady ósek-ayan, ótirik-jalamen dostaryn Abaydan alystatady, sóitip aqyn jýregin tereng jaralaydy.
Óshpendilik pen kastandyqtyng osynday týnek auyrlyghynda jýrgen Abaygha orystyng aldynghy qatarly qoghamdyq, halyqtyq-demokratiyalyq oi-pikirining tandauly dәstýrlerinde tәrbiyelengen, óz isining bolashaq múrageri, talantty balasy Ábdirahmannyng ólimi asa auyr qayghy bolyp tiyedi. Peterburgte oqyp jýrgen kezinde-aq tuberkulezge shaldyqqan Ábdirahman Ver¬nyy qalasynda dala artilleriyasynyng poruchiygi bolyp, az uaqyt qana qyzmet isteydi. Ol 1895 jyly, 27 jasynda qaytys bolady. Onyng ólimine arnap Abay keptegen әserli ólender shygharady. Búl ólenderde ol ózining balasynan ghana emes, sonymen birge ýmitker dosynan, múragerinen airylghan әkenin, halyq baqyty ýshin kýreskerding kayghysyn bildiredi.
Topas, dóreki jaularynyng kughynyna _ úshyraghan, auyr tartys qaljyratqan Abay auyr ólimning qayghysynan serpilip bolmay-aq, taghdyr ony taghy da qatty soqqylaydy: Abaydyng ekinshi balasy, talantty aqyn Maghauiya qaytys bolady.
Osynday baqytsyzdyq qatty janshyp, ensesi týsken Abay ózining qayghy-kasiretinen boy jaza almaydy, Maghauiya ólgennen keyin qyryq kýn ótken son, alpys jaska qaraghanda, ózining tughan dalasynda aqyn qaytys bolady.
Abaydyng sýiegi Shynghys tauynyng bauyryndaghy ózining Jiydebay degen qystaghynyng janyna qoyylady.
Abaydyng ólender men poemalardan, audarmalar men ghaqliyalardan túratyn әdeby Múrasy songhy joly ýlken-ýlken eki tom bolyp basyldy. Aqynnyng kóp jyldar boyyndaghy oilary men tolghanystarynyn, izgi jany tebirenuining asa bir qymbatty nәtiyjesindey búl enbekteri endi, tarihy túrghydan qaraghanda, qazaq halqynyng ruhany mәdeniyetining jiyntyghy siyaqty bolyp kórinip otyr. Tughan halqynyng ótkendegi auyzsha, jazbasha eskertkishterde saqtalghan aqyndyq mýrasyna tereng boylaghan Abay sol móldir búlaqtan qúnarly nәr alyp, óz poeziyasyn molyqtyra bildi. Qazaq halqyna ol kezde jete tanys bola qoymaghan tәjik, azerbayjan, ózbek siyaqty shyghys halyqtarynyng klassikalyq poeziyasy da Abay poeziyasyna progresshil yqpal jasady. Biraq qazaq mәdeniyetining keleshekte órkendeuining kepili, onyng tarihy damuy jolynda senimdi jolbasshysy bolghan orys mәdeniyetine (ol arqyly býkil evropalyk mәdeniyetke), eng aldymen, oghan deyin qazaq halqyna mýlde belgisiz orystyng úly klassikteri qaldyrghan múragha Abaydyng ýmit artuy orasan manyzy bar fakty edi. Erekshe daryndy, kemel oily Abay, jana mәdeniyetti aqyl sarabynan ótkize, óz boyyna sinire bildi. Osynday asyl qazynany qabyldaudan suretshi Abaydyng ózindik aiqyn ereksheligi ósip, kórkeye berdi.
Abay, qazaq halqy әli mengerip jetpegen mәdeniyetterge boyúrghanda, jana kórkemdik suretteu qúraldarymen ghana molyqqan joq, ruhany dýniyesin jana iydeyalarmen de bayytty. Ózining iydeyalyq jәne tvorchest-volyq baylyghynyng asylyna kelgende, Pushkin siyaqty, Abay da qalyng júrtqa ortaq, sonymen birge anyq últtyk, halyqtyq aqyn.
Abaydyng sekseninshi jyldardaghy ólenderining kópshiligi qazaq qoghamynyng taghdyryna arnaldy. Sonymen qatar, aqyn halqynyn býkil ruhany qatynasyn tereng kerkemdik-synshyldyqpen qayta qarap, ózining aqyndyq jana programmasyn úsyndy.
Búl shygharmalarynda Abay kalyng búkaragha jaqyn keledi. Alayda onyng poeziyasynyng halyq tvorchestvosynan zor aiyrmasy baryn dәl osy tústa aiqyn kóremiz. Abay birde-bir óleng jolynda halyq tvorchestvosynyng qalyptasqan dәstýrli sóz jýiesi men akyndyk oy bitimin qaz kalpynda ala salmaydy. Abay auyz әdebiyetindegi sózderdi de, obraz jýiesin de, stili tәsilderin terendetip, jana oi, sezimdermen tolyqtyrady, onyng ólenderinde ózgeshe bir iydeyalar men jan sezimderi jýredi. Eng aldymen, búl shygharmalardan aqynnyng eskilik әdet, biyleushi feodaldardyng azghyndyq minezderi, qaranghylyq, dau-janjal jaylaghan enbekshi búqara múqtajdyq pen joqshylykta ómir sýrgen sol kezdegi qazaq auylynyng qoghamdyq qalpyna bitispes kózqarasy aiqyn kórinedi. Abaydyng kóptegen ólenderinde («Qartaydyq, kayghy oiladyq», «Qalyng elim, qazaghym, qayran júrtym», «Kýlembaygha», «Kejekbaygha»,taghy basqalar) nadandyq, dәukestik, paraqorlyq, aramtamaqtyq, qazaq halqyn biylep-tósteushilerding ruhany bisharalyghy óltire synalady.
(Jalghasy bar)
QAZÚU-i janyndaghy Abay instituty