Qytaydyng juyq jyldardan beri, әsirese Shy biyliginen keyin әlemdik basqaru jýiesin retteuge talpynghan «Bir beldeu, bir jol» strtegiyasy, «Aziya infraqúrylymdardy qarjylandyru banki», «Adamzattyng taghdyrlastyghy qauymdastyghy» iydeyasy syndy iri jәne asa  ambisiyaly jobalargha týren salghany belgili.

Áriyne, ózining ekonomikalyq jetistikteri men quatyna sýienip. Sonymen bir uaqytta әlemdik alpauyt Amerikamen tәjikelesuge barghan. Onda da ózin onymen qaraylas dengeyde sanaghandyqtan. Degenmen, sauda soghysy qyza kele ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq  baghytqa oiysqan tústa, qarsy tarap «Huawei», «ZTE» siyaqty tu ústaushy kompaniyalaryn ózekti tehnologiyalardan ajyrata bastaghanda Qytay mәngirip qaldy. Bajaylasa, «әlemning fabrikasyna» ainalghan el qazirgi zaman industriyasynyng jýregi sanalatyn eng ýzdik te ózekti tehnologiyalardy iygermepti, tehnikaly qamtymalylyghy joghary tauarlardyng basym bóliginen sol AQSh bastaghan batys elderine bek sýienishti eken.

2020 jylghy alapat indette súranysy súrapyl bolghan tynys alu apparatyn óndirude Qytay ózining asa ýstem óndirushilik-qúrastyrushylyq quatymen ilgeride osy naryqtyng 25%-yn ústap kelgen Shveysariyany artqa tastap, әlemdegi eng iri apparat jetkizushige ainalghan-dy. Alayda, apparattyng «turbokompressor», «datchiyk», «chiyp» syqyldy sheshushi bólikterin tútastay Shveysariya, AQSh, Japoniya firmalarynan alatyn bolyp shyqty. Demek, Qytay atalghan elderding arqasynda ghana «býkil әlemdi tynystau apparatymen qamdap tastaghan», analar jogharydaghy bólshekterdi jetkizuin toqtatsa, «Qytay óndeushiligi» adyram qalghanday eken! Búl endi pandemiya túsyndaghy shetin mysal.

Shyntuaytynda osynday mysaldar óndirushi-óndeushi alybynyng aldyna qoyylghan eng ótkir saual, attau bermes ótkel bolyp otyr. Aytalyq, AQSh-tyng aldynghy preziydenti Tramptyng Qytaygha sheshushi tehnologiyalardy jetkizushilerdi jazalau jarlyghy әlemdegi chipting 54%-yn óndirushi alyp — Tayvandyq «TSMC» kompaniyasyn oilantyp tastady. Óitkeni ol Qytaydyng betke ústary — «Huawei-dy» chippen qamdaushy bolatyn. Al «TSMS» chip jetkizudi toqtatar bolsa, әlemdik 5W salasynyng múryndyghyn ústap, onyng ólshemderi men standartaryn belgileu «menen ózge kimge sәn» dep otyrghan eldi jargha tirelgeli túr. Japoniyanyng ekonomika-qarjylyq basty mediasy «Japoniya ekonomika janalyqtary» «Fomalhaut Techno Solutions» kompaniyasynng kómegimen «Huawei-din» túghyrlyq stansiyasyn shashyp, teksergen. Sóitse, onda Qytaylyq kәsiporyndap jobalaghan bólshekter 48%, AQSh bólshekteri 27,2% bolyp shyqqan. Onda da kóbineky óz salasynyng dýldýlderi sanalatyn «Xilinx», «Lattice», «Tehas-aspap», «On Semiconducto», «Cypress Semiconductor», «Broadkom», «Analog Devices» syndy firmalardyng chipteri men jadynamalary, kommunikasiyalyq aiyryp-qosqyshtary, quat arttyrghyshtary. Múnan syrt, onda Koreya men Japoniyanyng bólshekteri de az emes eken. Búdan da qyzyghy, janaghy qytaylyq kompaniyalar jobalaghan 48% bólshekterding ishinde prosessor syqyldy 60%-dan astam bólshek taghy da «TSMC-tiki» bolyp shyqqan.

«The Wall Street Journal-dyn» juyqta ghylymiy-tehnologiyanyng auqymdy 5 salasyndaghy Qytay men AQSh-tyng basymdyqtaryna jasaghan sholuynyng qorytylauynsha, AQSh jasandy intellekt, ózi jýretin mashina, jartylay ótkizgish, kvantovtyq esepteu baghytynda býtindey, al Qytay 5G baghytynda salystyrmaly basymdyqqa ie kórinedi. 5G salasynyng búidaústary esepteletin «Huawei-din» jayy janaghyday bolghanda, múndaghy qytaydyng basymdyghy degenge kýdikpen qaraugha tura keletindey.

Jaqynghy habarlarda Tramptyng jarlyghynan keyin de «TSMC» «Huawei-di» «pisip-jetilgen» (28nm) chippen qamdaugha kelisken kórinedi. Cmartfon chiypining 5nm, túghyrlyq stansia chiypining 7nm ólshemimen shygharylatyn býginderi, janaghy «pisip-jetilgen» delingen chipting qauqaryn shamalay beriniz.

«Japoniya ekonomika janalyqtary» Qytaylyq «Dajiang» kompaniyasynyng «Mavir Air2» óziúshar apparatyn da sókken. Onda da AQSh «Texas-aspap», «Corvo» firmalarynyng chipteri kóptep paydalanylghan. Búl qytaydyng maqtanyshyna balanghan óziúshar apparattarynyng da shamasyn anghartatynday. Qytayda chipting tapshylyghy, әriyne ony shygharatyn litografiya men basqa da sheshushi jabdyqtardyng bolmauy men joghary dengeyli óndiris qabiletining jetimsizdiginen.

Qytayda 2004 jyly irge qalaghan «Semiconduktor Manufacturing International Corporation» (SMIC) deytin elektr ótkizgeshterin óndirumen ainalysatyn mamandanghan kәsiporyn bar. Ol 2020 jyly ghana chipting 14nm-lyq núsqasyn tolayym shygharugha qol jetkizipti. Búl «TSMC-nyn» (qazir 5nm núsqasyn shygharyp jatyr,  3nm-ge 2022 j. kirispekshi) 5 jyl búrynghy  dengeyine jatady. 2020 jyly nauryzda «SMIC» Gollandiyalyq  «ASML» firmasynan chipting 7nm-lik núsqasyn shygharugha qauqarly ultrakýlgin litografiyalyq apparatyn satyp alugha keliskendigin jariyalaghan-dy. Alayda Amerikanyng aralasuymen búl mәmile qazirshe toqtap túr. Qytay búl apparatty satyp alghanymen de, óz dengeyindegi óndiris dәrejesine jetu ýshin 3-5 jyl mashyqtanuy kerek siyaqty. Búl bayandaghandarymyz tek chipting jyry ghana.

Óz tilderimen aitqanda sheteldikterding qolyndaghy qytaylyqtardy «qylqyndyratyn tehnologiyalar» múnymen shektelmeydi. 2020 jyly kýzde Aq ýiding «Sheshushi jәne janghyrtpaly ghylym-tehnikany damytu strategiyasynda» elding basymdyghyn saqtaugha tiyis 37 ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq baghyty atap kórsetilip, olardyng eksporttaluyna qadaghalau qong dittelgen-di. 2018 jyly mausymda Qytaylyq «Ghylym-tehnika gazeti» sheteldikterding tizgindeuindegi 35 ghylym-tehnologiyalyq salanyng tizimin jariyalaghan. Ekeuinde de jasandy intellekt, energetika, kvantovtyq informasiya, kommunikasiya jәne ghalamtor tehnologiyasy, jartylay ótkizgish, әskery tehnologiya, gharyshty iygeru, jana materialdar syndy úshqyr tehnologiyalar atalady. Shynayy ómir praktikasy da Qytaydyng atalmysh salalardaghy jaghdayy әli de, basy qyzghan rejisser Li Tie-ning «Elim-ay, qúdyretinnen!» deytin dokfiylimindegidey (2018 j.) emes ekenin kórsetip otyr. Qytaylyq «Ekonomika ýzikteri gazeti» jurnalisterining zertteuleri qytaylyqtardyng bayyrghy zamandardaghy «4 tapqyrlyghymen» shendestiretin «jana 4 tapqyrlyghynyn» (aqshasyz tólem jasau, iyesiz velosiyped, internet saudasy, qarqyndy poyyz) ishindegi el ataghyn aspandatqan qarqyndy poyyzdyng otandasu kórsetkishining de әzer 80%-gha jetip jyghylghanmen, tejeu jýiesi, IGBT tehnologiyasy, klapany, biligi, dóngelegi, pantografy syndy sheshushi jabdyqtary men úshqary tehnologiyalary, aiyryqsha materialdarynan әli de Europagha qol jayatynyn anyqtaghan.

Degenmen, múnyng barlyghy materialdyq kategoriyagha jatady. Mәselening eng úrymtal túsy - óndiristik programmalyq jasaqtamalardyng aqtandaqtyghy bolsa kerek. Óndiristik programmaly jasaqtamalar onyng qoldanyluynyng auqymdylyghymen, industriyanyng barlyq salasyn qamtuymen, óndeushilik industriyasynyng tútas jýiesine sayatyndyghymen jartylay ótkizgishten de manyzy artyghyraq boluy mýmkin. Endi Qytaydaghy dәl osy salany Europa men AQSh-tyng programmaly jasaqtamalar kompaniyalary uysynda ústap otyr. Tiyisti mәlimetter Qytaydyng jobalau sipatyndaghy ózekti óndiristik programmalarynyng naryqynyng (CAD) 90%-dan astamynyng fransiyalyq «Dassault», nemisting «Siemens», AQSh-tyng «TS» firmalarynyn, úqsatyp jasau pragrammalary (CAE) naryghynyng 95%-ynyng Europa men AQSh firmalarynyng qolynda ekendigin derekteydi.

«MES» syndy ónerkәsiptik óndiris salasynda nemisting «SAP» jәne AQSh-tyng «Opasel» firmalarynyng pragrammalary 90% naryqty iyelep alghan. Óndiristik programmalardyng naryqtyq aqshalay ýlesine zer salsaq, әngime odan qyzyq.

Qytay industriya jәne informasiyalau minstrligining «pragrammalar jәne informasiyalyq tehnologiyalarmen qyzmet kórsetu bayandamasynda» jazyluynsha, 2018 j. óndiristik pragrammalar biznesining tabysy (147,7 mlrd yuan) ónerkәsip kәsiporyndarynyng barlyq tabysynyng әzer 0,14%-yn ústapty!

Salystyru ýshin aitar bolsaq, nemisting bir «SAP» firmasynyng tabysy 180 mlrd yuangha jetip jyghylady. Qytaylyq mamandardyng ózderi osy salada elderining AQSh pen Europadan 30 jylgha artta qalghanyn aituda. Osy rette Qytaydyng jaratylystyq, injeneriya, mehanika baghytyndaghy JOO-nyng programmalary da batys elderining yrqynda ekendigin aita keteyik. Mysaly, 2020 jyly 5 mausymda AQSh sauda minstrligi Qytaydyng birqatar uniyversittetterin ózining eksporttyq qadaghalau subektilerining tizimine engizdi. Solardyng ishindegi «Harbin» ónerkәsip jәne «Harbin» injeneriya uniyversiytetteri satyp alghan AQSh biznes matematikasy programmasy «MATLAB» songhy uaqytta ashylmay qalghan, al ony jasaqtaushy kompaniya «MathWorks» eki uniyversiytetting AQSh ýkimetining eksporttyq baqylau tizimine engizilgenin aityp, pragrammany qayta ashyp beruden bas tartqan.

Qytay zamanauy industriyanyng azyghy bolghan, sonday-aq bir elding ghylym-tehnikalyq jәne ekonomikalyq әleuetin pash etetin jana materialdar óndirisinen de basqalardan kenje qalyp keledi. Qatysty minstrlikterderding zertteui kórsetkenindey, qazirgi zamanghy industriya ýshin sheshushi sanalatyn 130 týrli materialdyng 32%-y Qytayda atymen joq, 52%-y importqa tәueldi.

AQSh jәne Batys elderining Qytaygha saqtyqpen jiberetin ónimderining jartysynan astamyn osy jana materialdar qúraydy eken. Óndiris jabdyqtarynyng zamanauilanuy dengeyi әlemning aldynghy shebinde bolghanymen, Qytay talapqa say ozyq material jasap shyghara almaytyn bolyp shyqty. Mysaly, qúrylys tehnikalarynyng alyby «XCMG» auyr krandardyng bilegin jasaytyn bolatty óndire almaydy. Qytay aviyasiyasynyng (AVIC) bas diyrektory Lin Zuoming televiydeniyalyq súhbatynda shetelding úshaq qozghaltqyshtaryn sógip, ólshemderin alyp, qayta jobalap shyqqandarymen, sol dengeyde jasay almaghandaryn, tipti, ózderi shyt jana jobalap óndiriske jibergen tikúshúshaqtyng qanqasyn da Italiyagha jasatqandaryn moyyndaghan. («Biznesting jana buyny» sayty, 07.07.2020). Sol siyaqty búl el úshaq, qozghaltqysh, soghys kemelerin jasaugha kerekti ózekti materialdaryn tútasymen importtamasqa sharasyz kýide.

Jogharyda sóz bolghan Qytaydaghy zamanauy óndiris jabdyqtarynyng da kóp sandysynyng shetelden eksporttalatyndyghyn atau lәzim. Litografiya, bumen aptau apparattary ghana emes, ghylymy zertteu-synau apparattaryn da Europa elderinen satyp alugha mәjbýr.

Juyqta jariyalanghan әlemning ghylymy zertteuge arnalghan apparattar óndiretin aldynghy 20 kәsiporynnyng basym kópsandysy AQSh pen Japoniyagha tiyesili eken, Qytayda bir de bir múnday kәsiporyn nemese zertteu mekemesi joq. «QHR 2014 j. Emdeu jabdyqtary men mehanikalarynyng sauda bayanatynan» mәlim bolghanynday, Qytayda 2000-nan astam kәsiporyn emdeu qúraldaryn eksporttaydy, dese de somasy 100 mln yuandap sanalatyn tauardyng 90%-y  massaj apparattary, kateterler, maqta týiirshikteri syqyldy bir ret paydalanylatyn jaraqsyzdanghysh zattar nemese tómen dengeyli apparattargha jatady.

Joghary dengeyli tekseru-daualau apparattary naryqynyng 70%-y «General Motors Company» (GM), «Philips, Siemens» syndy ýsh firmanyng qolynda. Ozyq apparatar naryqynyng sheteldik ýlesi mynaday: «ST» 80%, «UZI» 90%, «inspeksiondyq app.» 85%, «magnittik-silkimeli app.» 90%, «EKG» 90%, «fiziologiyalyq registrator» 90%, «úiqyny baqylau app». 60%. Múnday kep joghary dengeyli stanoktargha da qatysty. 2008 j. jaratqan ónim qúnymen sanaghanda әlemdik stanok óndirisining alghashqy ondyghyna Germaniyadan 2, Japoniyadan 5, AQSh-tan 1, Qytaydan 2 kәsiporyn bolghan-dy. 2018 jylgha jetkende Qytay әlemdik stanok satu naryqynyng 30%-yn iyelep otyrsa da, aldynghy ondyqtan ysyrylyp qalghan. Taghy da tehnologiyanyng mesheuliginen.

90 jyldary Qytaylyq stanok óndirisi salasy naryqqa tehnologiya aiyrbastau jolymen shetelding ozyq zamanauy tehnologiyasyn ýirenip qalugha talpynghan da. Alayda myna mysaldardan búl ýmitting aqtalmaghanyn, kerisinshe, salany qúigha batyryp ketkenin baghamdaugha bolady. 1996 j. «Shenyang stanoktary» AQSh «Hardinge» firmasynyng sifrmen mengeru tehnologiyasyn satyp alady, qarsy tarap apparattyng «ishodnyy kod» paketin ghana beredi de, ózekti tehnologiyasy men ony qoldanu qaghidattarymen bólispeydi. Al apparat paydagha jaramay qala beredi. 1999 j. «Dalian guangyang» kompaniyasy Japoniyanyng stanogin engizedi, qarsy tarap stanokty qúrghan ornynan qozghamau shartyn qoyady, orny auystyrylsa, stanok avtomatty týrde qúlyptanyp qalady. 2005 j. taghy da «Shenyang stanogtary» kompaniyasy nemisting «Schiess» firmasyn satyp alyp, qalpaghyn aspangha atyp jýrse, nemis zannamasy boyynsha «otandyq bilimdi syrtqa shygharmaytyn» bolyp shyghady. Sonymen Qytay bayaghy etektegi stanoktar otany bolyp qala beredi. Kýni býgin joghary dengeyli stanoktyng 90%-y importqa tәueldi.

Búl Qytaylyq tehnologiyanyng qazirgi ahualy. Aldyna «ghylym men tehnikadaghy quatty memeleket» qúru múratyn qoyyp otyrghan el ýshin búl mәz emes jaghday. «Tramp toqpaghy» Qytaygha ghylym men tehnologiyadan AQSh pen Europa, Japoniyadan, tipti Koreyadan da kópten-kóp kenje qalghanyn, «kýshti óndirushi elge ainalu ýshin әli de 30 jyl kerektigin» (búrynghy industriya jәne informasiyalau ministri Miao Wei-ding payymy) jete sezdirdi. Sondyqtan da 2020 qabyldanghan Qytaydyng «14-shi bes jyldyq josparynda» innovasiyalyq baghyttyng elding keleshek damuyndaghy «sheshushi oryny» kesetilip, eldegi ghylym men úshqary tehnologiyalardy basa damytudyng tetikteri qarastyryldy. Dese de «Rim bir kýnde túrghyzylmaghan» degen siyaqty, jyldar boyghy dәstýr men sabaqtastyqty qalaytyn ghylymy joryqta Qytaydyn, ekonomikalyq damuyndaghyday, elding ghasyrlap basqan jolyn sanauly jyldarda «úryp tastauy» mýmkin emes sharua. Óte-móte oghan kedergi keltiretin faktorlardyng az emestigi jaghdayynda. Atar bolsaq, Qytaydyng DSÚ-na engennen keyingi batys kәsiporyndaryn naryqqa tehnologiya aiyrbastaugha mәjbýrleui, basqalardyng tehnologiyasyn qymqyrugha boy aldyruy, kisilik iygilikke qyzmet etuge jasaqtalghan jana tehnologiyalardy óz búqarasynyng qalt etkenin qadaghalaugha paydalanuy, aqshagha sýienip aduyndylyq jasauy batys elderin tiksintip tastady. Býginderi tútas batys әlemi Qytaymen aralastyqta, óte-móte onymen tehnika men tehnologiya almasuda saqtyq ústaytyn bir auyzdylyqqa keldi. Búl óz kezeginde Qytaydy әlemdegi jana tapqyrlyqtar jәne innovasiyalyq jetistiktermen búrynghyday emin-erkin bólise almaytyn jaghdaygha týsireri anyq. Demek, búl baghytta Shy tóraghanyng jany qalap, jii dәripteytin «óz kýshine sýienuge» tura kelgeli túr. Al múnda eng әueli ghylym personaldarynyng tapshylyghy kóldeneng bolatyn týri bar. Mysaly, 2020 jyly kóktemde  «Jingdongfang» kompaniyasynyng Wuhan qalasyndaghy jartylay ótkizgish zauytynyng iske qosyluy  Japoniyalyq tehkenesshilerding kele almauyna baylanysty keyinge shegerildi. «Samsung» kompaniyasynyng nauryzda qoldanysqa ótuge tiyisti Xian qalasyndaghy №2 jadylyq bólshekter shygharu zauyty Koreyalyq tehnikterdi kýtip qantarylyp qaldy.

Irgeli ghylymnyng jayy ilgerileuding eng iri kedergisi bolatyn synayly. Óitkeni, «Qytayda ghylymgha manyz beretin dәstýr, óte-móte abstraktyly, jýieli, tereng de sabaqtas teoriyalyq úghymdargha boy úru daghdysy bolmaghan. Olardyng sanasyndaghy ghylym auarayyn baqylau, jer baptau, kisi emdeu syqyldy qoldanylmaly jәne tez tabys beretin ghylymdar dep tanylatyn» (Qytaydaghy jantanu ghylymynyng eng shoqtyqty bildiri, professor Rao Yi ). Birte-birte últ mәdeniyetine singen osy daghdy әzirge deyin әlsiregen emes. Osy ghasyrdyng basynan bastap Qytayda, Qytaydyng qarqyndy damuyn basqa memleketterding basqan jolyn «aynalyp ozu» taktikasynyng nәtiyjesine teliytin payymnyng etek alghany bar. Búl da bolsa janaghy ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq sabaqtastyq pen ónerkәsip dәstýrining úrpaqtargha mirastyghyna mәn bermeytin «jenil jolmen mal tabu» nyshany, industriyalanu barysyn tezdetuge bolghanymen, onyng satylarynan attap ótuge bolmastyghyn týsinbeushilik bolyp tabylady. Kesirinen irgeli ghylymdy ysyryp qoyyp, «әkel de óndey ber» deytin strategiya qalyptasty. Nәtiyjesinde ózegi ózgeniki bolghan óndeushilik qanat jaydy.

Ghylymnyng damuy, tehnikanyng jetilui asa iri investisiyany qajet eteri anyq. Obektivti aitqanda, Qytaydyng oghan tarihy túrghyda múrshasy da bolghan joq. Al qarjylyq jaghdayymen qoly jetken býginderi   «R&D» shyghyny (ghylym men tehnologiyagha salghan qarjy, adam kýshi, materialdyq shyghynnyng jiyntyghy) AQSh-tyng jartysyna manaylamapty. Onyng JIÓ-nen ústaghan ýlesi (2,12%)  Koreyanyng (4,24%) jartysyna para-par bolypty. Múnan syrt, «R&D» shyghyny qúrylymyn da synaq dengeyli basy (Experimental Development) 84% basym týsip jatqan synayly, irgeli zertteu (Basic Research) men qoldanylmaly zertteuge (Applied Research) mardymdy kýsh júmsalmauda.

Biznes qauymdastyghynyng pozisiyasy múnan da soraqy. Qytaydaghy «otandyq brend», «últ maqtanyshy» sanalyp jýrgen kәsiporyndar olardyng jyldyq paydalarynyng 3%-yna jetpes bóligin ghana irgeli zertteuge júmsaydy eken. Olargha qarjyny búlay salghannan góri ýy alyp-satu, aksiya quu qyzyghyraq siyaqty. Búl innovasiyaly jәne tehnologiyalyq quatty el bolugha jetu merzimin arygha sýirey týseri kәdik.

Qytaydyng janashyldyqty engizu men ghylymy úshqary salalargha memleketting qoldauyn jolgha qongda da az bolmaghan jýielik kiltipandar kózge úrady. Mysaly, chip daghdarysy  esin jighyzghan el múnday aqtandaq salalardy qatty qoldaugha kirisken-di. Onyng ishinde jerdi tegin beru, salyqty jenildetu, eksport salyghyn kәsiporyngha qaytaru, tipti, ýkimetting tikeley dotasiyasy degender bar. Múndayda sayasy enbegin kórsetip qalghysy keletin, memleketting jenildiginen de qarpyp qalugha niyetti jergilikti ýkimetter de tym belsenip ketedi. Atalghan sebepterden elde chip jasaumen ainalysatyn zauyttar jamyrap sala bergen. 2020 jyldyng alghashqy jartysynda 4600 osynday zauyt tirkelip, býkil eldegi chip zauyttarynyng sany 45,3 myngha jetken! Múnan asqan kýlkili jayt bolmas. Búl endi mlrd-taghan aqshanyng jelge úshuy, halyq iygiligin jauapsyz shashu. Jurnalister somasy 10 mlrd-tan asatyn osynday eng iri 5 jobanyng bir jyldyng ishinde bankrot bolyp joghalghanyn kózben kórip qaytqan («Tóre sóz emes» sayty, 10.10.2020).

Jana ghasyrda industriyalandyru men innovasiyalaudyng ýderisine uniyversiytetterding rólining artyp kele jatqany әlemdik ýrdis. Qanshama jana tehnologiyalar men ghylymy tapqyrlyqtar osylardyng qoynauynan qaynap jatqan tústa, Qytaylyq uniyversiytetterding әlpeti kónil kónshiterlik keyipte bolmay túr. Jersharyndaghy uniyversiytetterining qataryn anyqtau ortalyghynyng (Center for World University Rankings) 2018-2019 jj. qortyndysynda әlemdegi aldynghy 100 uniyversiytetting 51-in AQSh iyelense, Qytaydyng maqtanyshy «Qinghua» uniyv. (98 –shi) men «Beijing» uniyv.(92-shi) aldynghy jýzdikke әreng ilinipti. Demek, Qytaydyng ghylymy jetistikterining kómeski qaynarlarynyng biri de tym jútang hәlde degen sóz.

Qysqasy, Qytaydyng ghylymy men tehnologiyasy әzir bәsekege óte qabiletsiz kýide ekendigimen qoymay, bәsekelik әleueti de әlsiz kepte. Iyghynan dem alyp әlemge óktemdigin jýrgizgisi kelip jýrgen elding aldynda, aldymen ózining demigin basyp, sabasyna týsip, tóniregin sabyrmen aujaylau mindeti túrghan siyaqty.

Mәlimet kózderi: Qytay merzimdik basylymdary jәne «Qytay oqymystylary», «Ótken-ketkenge nazar», «AQSh-ty baqylau», «Tóre sóz emes», «Jartylay ótkizgishter forumy», «Ekonomikanyng ótpeliligin  zertteu», «Ekonomikalyq jinalystar habarlamalary», «Biznesting jana buyny», «Biznesting qara jәshigi» sayttary, BBC, «The Finfncial Times», «The Wall Street Journal» qytaysha núsqalary.

Múqamethan Qonarbay

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