Beybit Qoyshybaev. Asharshylyq (Basy)
Jaqynda Elbasy Astanada oryn tebetin jana monumentting -Asharshylyq qúrbandaryna qoyylatyn eskertkishting respublikalyq konkurs nәtiyjesinde iriktelip alynghan eskizderimen tanysty. Odan, Nazarbayev University studentterimen kezdesui kezinde - sovet ókimeti túsyndaghy eng joyqyn asharshylyqtyng 80 jyldyghy atap ótiletinin mәlimdedi. Búl jәit elimizde ýlken ruhany serpilis tughyzyp otyr.
I.Tanymnyng qiyn joly
Kenestik dәuirde asharshylyqtyng jabyq taqyryp bolghany belgili. Baspasóz ol jayynda sóz qozghamaytyn. Otyz ekinshi jyl nәubeti onashada, ot bastarynda ghana sybyrlap aitylushy edi. Kóshpendi júrtty qynaday qyrghan ashtyq zúlmatynyng ajaldy tyrnaghynan eshbir qazaq әuleti din-aman qútyla almaghan. Sondyqtan da halyq sanasyna tereng jara saldy. Ecten shyqpady. Totalitarlyq standart jengen, kommunistik partiyanyng biriktirgish kýshi moyyndalghan zamannyng ózinde úmytylmady. Alayda ashtyqtyng milliondaghan jazyqsyz qúrbandaryn sovet ókimeti jyldary ashyq eske alu mýmkin emes-tin.
Jaqynda Elbasy Astanada oryn tebetin jana monumentting -Asharshylyq qúrbandaryna qoyylatyn eskertkishting respublikalyq konkurs nәtiyjesinde iriktelip alynghan eskizderimen tanysty. Odan, Nazarbayev University studentterimen kezdesui kezinde - sovet ókimeti túsyndaghy eng joyqyn asharshylyqtyng 80 jyldyghy atap ótiletinin mәlimdedi. Búl jәit elimizde ýlken ruhany serpilis tughyzyp otyr.
I.Tanymnyng qiyn joly
Kenestik dәuirde asharshylyqtyng jabyq taqyryp bolghany belgili. Baspasóz ol jayynda sóz qozghamaytyn. Otyz ekinshi jyl nәubeti onashada, ot bastarynda ghana sybyrlap aitylushy edi. Kóshpendi júrtty qynaday qyrghan ashtyq zúlmatynyng ajaldy tyrnaghynan eshbir qazaq әuleti din-aman qútyla almaghan. Sondyqtan da halyq sanasyna tereng jara saldy. Ecten shyqpady. Totalitarlyq standart jengen, kommunistik partiyanyng biriktirgish kýshi moyyndalghan zamannyng ózinde úmytylmady. Alayda ashtyqtyng milliondaghan jazyqsyz qúrbandaryn sovet ókimeti jyldary ashyq eske alu mýmkin emes-tin.
Ózgeris Kenester Odaghyndaghy biyleushi partiyanyng jariyalylyq pen qayta qúru sayasatyn jariyalauynan, sóitip, azamattar sanasyn shengeldegen ruhany qúrsaudy birtindep bosatuynan bastalghan. Barshamyzgha belgili, 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan kóterilisine baylanysty ornaghan «Kishi 37-shi jyl» yzghyryghy artta qalyp, Qazaqstanda da demokratiyanyng «altyn kýregi» erkin ese bastasymen - «aqtandaghy» mol tarihymyzdy syn kózben zerttey otyryp janghyrtugha kiristik.
Totalitarlyq dәuir auyzgha alugha tyiym salghan sayasiy jazalaular men asharshylyq shyndyghy 1988 jyldan qazaq baspasózining ózekti taqyrybyna ainaldy. Sol jyly stalindik lageriler tauqymetin tartyp oralghan «halyq jaulary» zayyptarynyng bir toby Mәskeudegi «Memorial» qozghalysynyng maqsattaryna qoldau bildirgen ýndeu-hattaryn jariya etti. Odan bir top jas qalamger 30-jyldarghy repressiyalar men 32-jylghy alapat ashtyq qúrbandaryn este qaldyru sharalaryn oilastyrudy úsyndy. Eki ýndeude de jazyqsyz jandar ruhyn ardaqtaytyn simvolikalyq eskertkish ornatu jayy kóterilgen edi. Jazushylar qajet qarjy jinaudy kózdeytin arnayy esepshot ashty. Mәsele stalindik qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandarynyng adal esimderin tiriltudi múrat etken qozghalystyng qanat jayyp, damuyna úlasty.
Bizdegi is-әreketting Mәskeu qozghalysynan ereksheligi - stalinizm qylmystary retinde tek sayasy repressiyalardy әshkereleu ghana emes, sonymen birge, stalindik-bolisheviktik búrmalaulardyng asa qayghyly saldary - jadymyzda halqymyzdyng aityp jetkizgisiz tragediyasynyng simvolynday bolyp «32» degen qandy sifrlarmen jazylyp qalghan alapat asharshylyqtyng da shyndyghyn ashu mәselesining kýn tәrtibine batyl shygharyluynda jatty.
Sayasy búrmalaular jyldary jazyqsyz japa shekkender men olardyng úrpaqtarynyn, jazushylar, ghalymdar, jurnalister, ózge de júrtshylyq ókilderining qatysuymen 1988 jyly qúrylghan úiymdastyru komiyteti 1989 jyldyng sәuirinde qozghalys belsendilerining úiysu konferensiyasyn ótkizdi. Sol qúryltayshylyq jinalysta Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy shanyraq kóterdi. Halyqty orny tolmas qasiretke dushar etken kenestik solaqay reformalar qúrbandaryna eskertkish qoy mәselesi «Ádilet» qoghamy qyzmetining manyzdy baghyttarynyng biri retinde tanyldy. Oghan jer-jerden qoldau kórsetilip jatty. «Ádilettin» zerde kitabyn jasau isi júrtshylyqtyng óz sharuasyna ainaldy.
Mәselen, qogham iydeyasyna Jambyl oblysyndaghy Sarysu audandyq ólketanu muzeyining diyrektory Tóken Maqashev alghashqylardyng biri bolyp ýn qosty: kónekóz qarttar auzynan jalpy sanynyng ýshten ekisinen airylghan audan halqynyng bastan keshken qiyametteri jayyndaghy estelikterin jazyp aldy (sol qaraly kezendi býginde Saudakentte asharshylyq qúrbandaryna qoyylghan eskerkish eske salyp túr). Almatydaghy Qazaq uniyversiytetining tarih fakulitetinde oqytushylar Talas Omarbekov pen Qambar Atabaevtyng jetekshiligimen «32-ning zúlmaty» atty ghylymiy-zertteushilik ýiirme qúryldy. Studentter ghylymy ekspedisiyalargha shyghyp, ashtyqtyng tiri kuәlerining estelikterin jinady. Izdestiru júmystarynyng nәtiyjeleri boyynsha konferensiyalar ótkizildi. Kýshtep újymdastyrudyn, alapat asharshylyqtyng jasyryn derekterin izdeumen Ortalyq múraghat diyrektory Marat Hasanaevtyng qamqorlyghy arqasynda qúrylghan múraghatshy jastardyng tarihi-aghartu birlestigi de shúghyldandy. Jekelegen ghalymdar búl taqyrypqa eleuli ghylymy júmystar jazdy. Tarih jәne etnologiya institutynda irgeli zertteuler jýrgizildi. Tarihymyzgha janasha kózqaras qalyptasa bastady.
Osynday rettermen tughyzylghan qoghamdyq pikirding ong nәtiyjesi sol, Qazaqstannyng memlekettik tәuelsizdigi jariyalanysymen, mәselege elimizding sol kezgi parlamenti (Jogharghy Kenes) sergek ýn qosty. Jogharghy Kenes Tóralqasy 1931-1933 jyldarghy asharshylyqtyng sebep-saldarlaryn anyqtau ýshin qúramyna ghalymdar men zertteushi-mamandar tartylghan airyqsha komissiya qúrdy. Komissiya atalmysh qaraly belesti egjey-tegjeyli tekserip, qorytyndylaryn jasady. Jappay kýshtep újymdastyru nauqanyna jәne onyng qayghyly saldaryna ainalghan ashtyq nәubetine shynayy ghylymy kózqaras tújyrymdaldy. 30-shy jyldarghy asharshylyq stalinizmning asa iri qylmysy retinde atalyp, is jýzinde kóshpendi júrtqa genosid jasaldy delindi. Biraq komissiyanyng búl baghasyna parlament tarapynan qoldau kórsetilmedi. Degenmen qazaq halqynyng últtyq qasiretin jyl sayyn arnayy bir kýnde aza tútyp eske alyp túru dúrys dep úigharyldy. Halyq basyna týsken asharshylyq syndy nәubet qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni retinde 31 mamyr belgilendi. Sóitip, sol 1992 jyldan bastap әr jylghy mamyr aiynyng songhy júldyzynda asharshylyq qúrbandary aruaghyna taghzym etip túru zandastyryldy.
Alayda osy arnauly kýnde mәn-maghynasyna say qaraly-saltanatty is-sharalaryn ótkizip otyru dәstýrge ainaldyrylmady. Imandylyq isting bastalmay jatyp siyrqúiymshaqtalyp bara jatqany alghashqy jyly-aq mәlim bolghan. Osy joldar avtory 1992 jylghy 25 mamyrda «Almaty aqshamy» gazeti tilshisining súraqtaryna bergen jauabynda («Qasiretti úmytpa!») asharshylyqty eske týsiru kýnin atap ótuge әzirlikten góri samarqaulyq kózge úratynyn aitty. Onyng sebepterining biri tek partiya úranyna, yaghny biylikting auzyna qarap әreket etuge daghdylanyp qalghandyghymyzda jatqan. Jәne oghan sol shaqtaghy azamattyq belsendiligimizding tómendigi әri jaltaqtyghy da teris әserin tiygizdi. Ári, tәuelsizdikpen birge biylik buyndaryna janadan qoyylghan «reformatorlar» qazaq qasiretining astaryn týsine bermeytin. Qazaqty óz jerinde azshylyq etken sayasatqa janama týrde barshanyng qatysty bolghanyn paryqtay qoymaytyn. Biyleushiler qolymen jasalghan asharshylyqqa orys halqynyng kinәli emestigin eskermeytin. Esesine, tarih sahnasynan ketken memleketting solaqay sayasatyn әshkereleudi respublikadaghy býgingi orys tildi kópshilikting jәne demokratiyalyq kórshi el biyligining «shamyna tiyedi» dep biletin. Sondyqtan da olar búl kýndi «úmyt qaldyrghandy» qolayly kórdi.
Alayda manyzdy mәselege osynsha beyjay qaraudyng últtyq-memlekettik mýddege jauap bermeytindigi anyq edi. Qighashtyqty týzeu qajet. Búl ýshin jalpyúlttyq tatulyqty qasterleumen birge, ony sayasy qughyn-sýrgin shyndyqtaryn asha otyryp saqtaudy jýzege asyru kerek. Bizding demokratiyalyq jogharghy ókimetimiz dәl solay etti. Sóitip, búl iske, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, arnayy aidar taghylghan 1997 jyl boyy mol kónil bólindi.
Elimizding bas gazetinde belgili ghalym Kenes Núrpeyisúlynyng «Qasiret qúrbandaryna eskertkish-panteon ornatylsa - eldigimizding taghy bir belgisi bolar edi...» («Egemen Qazaqstan», 9 qantar 1997 j.) degen maqalasy jariyalandy. Onda ol 1916 jәne 1986 jyldar arasyndaghy jazalaular men ashtyq oqighalaryn ghylymy túrghyda jýielep, dәiekti úsynystar bildiru arqyly arnauly jyldyng mәn-maghynasyn ashqan edi.
Repressiya qúrbandaryn eske týsiru osylay - respublikamyzda túratyn barsha últ ókilderining tatulyghy men kelisimine sabaqtastyra qarastyrylghan. Sol 1997 jyldan bastap asharshylyq nәubeti qúrbandaryn eske alu kýnining mazmúndyq auqymy keneytildi. Sodan beri 31 mamyr - Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni retinde atalyp keledi.
Alapat asharshylyq ta joyqyn sayasy jazalaular jýrgizgen stalinshil sayasattyng saldary, múny júrtshylyq aiqyn týsindi. Sol sebepti eske alu kýnine berilgen jana mazmún dúrys qabyldandy. 31 mamyrdyn jana mәrtebesi býkilhalyqtyq moyyndaugha ie boldy. Búl kýni júrtshylyq ókilderi sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryna jana eskertkishter túrghyzu, ornatylghan eskertkishterge gýl shoqtaryn qoyyp taghzym etu syndy sharalargha mindetti týrde qatysudy ýrdiske ainaldyrdy.
Sonymen, 31 mamyr kýngi jiyndarda repressiya jyldary jazyqsyz atylghan azamattar aruaghyna qúrmet kórsetumen qatar, qarapayym halyqty búryn-sondy eshqashan tarihta bolmaghan qyrghyngha úshyratqan asharshylyq ta sayasy qughyn-sýrgin saldary retinde oryndy atalyp keledi. Búl orayda belsendi әreketimen el rizashylyghyna bólengen is adamdary da bar. Mәselen, Almaty oblysynyng Aqsu auyly internatynda 32-shi jyly ashtan qyrylghan toqsan bala jerlengen oryngha 2002 jylghy 31 mamyrda jeke beynetqor kýshimen eskertkish qoyyldy. Múnday әreketter әr jerde jasaldy. Nәubetting belgisiz qúpiyalaryn ghalymdar, jazushylar, jurnalister, derekti kino sheberleri әr qyrynan ashyp, júrtshylyqqa jetkizude.
Degenmen sonau qaraly kezenning atyn atap, týsin týstep mәn beru auqymy jetkiliksiz dәrejede ekeni moyyndau lәzim. Olay deytinimiz, qylmysty sayasat tughyzghan alapat asharshylyq halqymyzdyng ósip-ónuine sandyq ta, sapalyq ta túrghyda oisyrata ziyan tiygizdi. Onyng auyr saldarlary aityp-jetkizgisiz, tiri qalghan el-júrttyng basyna salghan auyrtpalyghy úshan-teniz. Solardy biz eshqashan úmytpaugha tiyispiz. Búl bolashaq ýshin, halqymyzdyng birligin, Tәuelsizdikting túghyryn nyghayta týsu ýshin qajet. Alayda sonau orny tolmas qayghy-qasiretti layyqty dengeyde eske alyp, aza tútu rәsimi elimizde әzirge qalyptasar emes.
«Ádilet» qoghamy osyghan júrtshylyq nazaryn údayy audaryp keledi. Kóp bolyp oilasugha tamyzyq bolarlyq oy tastau maqsatymen maqalalar jazyldy, konferensiyalar ótkizildi. Elimizding qiyn-qystauly damu taghdyryndaghy kýrt qúldyraugha dushar etken asharshylyq syndy qayghyly kezender shyndyghy tolyq mәninde ashylmaghany aityldy. Óitkeni, jana sapalyq jengeyge kóterilmek týgil, tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyldary kópshilikke әigi bolghan jәitterding ózi jana jýzjyldyq basynda belgili bir dәrejede júrtshylyq sanasynan óshe bastaghan, tipti úmytylghan bolatyn.
Sóz joq, asharshylyqty әrdayym este tútu qajet. Olay etuding basty sebebi sol, asharshylyq - tútqiyldan kezdeysoq tap bolghan zobalang emes-ti. Ol patsha zamanynda negizdelip, kenestik kezende óristetilgen nәubet edi. Bolisheviktik biylik jol bergen zúlmat qazaq halqyna jer betinen halyq retinde mýldem joyylyp ketu qaupin tóndirdi. Ashtyq qúiyny birneshe mәrte soqty. Ásirese Otyz ekinshi jyldyng halyq sanasyna tereng iz qaldyrghany belgili. Odan beri de, mine, baqanday segiz onjyldyq óte shyghypty. Halqymyzdy HH ghasyrda aityp jetkizgisiz Últtyq Apatqa úryndyrghan, qayghy-qasireti kól-kósir asharshylyq jyldarynyng eng auyr kezenine biyl 80 jyl.
Samoderjaviyelik Reseyding otarlyq qúldyghynan azat bolghan qazaq eli Kenestik Resey Federativtik Respublikasy qúramynda avtonomiya aldy. Eldigin qalpyna keltirdi. Búl quanyshty oqigha edi. Biraq avtonomiyalyq respublikamyzdyng ghúmyry jalpyúlttyq tragediyagha úlasqan ashtyqpen astasty. Búl bizdi qapalandyrady. Bizge múnyng sebep-saldaryn teren zerdeleu qajettigin úghynamyz.
Sonau apatty zúlmat halqymyzdyng basyna kezdeysoq ýiirilgen joq, onyng tereng tamyryn ajyrata bilu lәzim. Al ol rejim auysqanmen sabaqtastyghyn joghaltpaghan otarlaushylyq pighyl men әrekette jatyr.
Barshagha mәlim, Resey tarapynan HVSh-HIH ghasyrlarda maqsatty týrde jýrgizilgen jaulap alular nәtiyjesinde qazaqtyng memlekettigi joyyldy. Jeri men halqy imperiya qúramyna engizilip, týrli reseylik әkimshilik birlikterge bólshektendi. Qazaq ólkesin orys jerine, halqyn, etnostyq týri bólekshe bolsa da, tirshiligi men jan-dýniyesi jaghynan kәdimgi orys mújyghyna ainaldyrudyng keng kólemdi sharalary jýzege asyryla bastady. Halqymyz tútastyghyn joghaltty. Tek kenes ókimetining arqasynda, HH ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyregining sonynda ghana, Qazaqstannyng jer-suy men halqynyng negizgi qúramy bir shanyraq astyna is jýzinde biriktirildi.
Avtonomiyanyng irgesi keneytilgennen keyin, 1925 jylghy sәuirde ótken Qazaqstan Kenesterinin Birinshi (eski Qazaqstandaghy esep boyynsha - Besinshi) sezinde halqymyzdyng basyna týsken problemanyng tarihy tamyry jýielep ashylghan bolatyn. Sol qúryltayda Qazaq ólkesin otarlau basty-basty ýsh dәuirde (1. Orys jerinen óz erikterimen kelgen qily baq izdeushiler men qashqyndardyng otarlauy - búl HVI ghasyrdan bastaldy; 2. Sauda-ónerkәsip mýddesin kózdegen samoderjaviye ýkimetinin әskeriy-әkimshilik tәsildermen otarlauy - búl HVIII ghasyrdan bastaldy; 3. HIH ghasyrdyng sony men HH ghasyrdyng basynan beri - Reseyding ishki guberniyalarynan sharualardy jappay kóshirip-qonys audartu jolymen otarlau) jýzege asyrylghany taldap aityldy.
Resey ýkimeti imperialistik maqsattaryn jýzege asyru ýshin Oral, Orynbor, Ertis jelileri arqyly qazaq dalasyna iri-iri senimdi jasaqtaryn ornyqtyrdy. Olar qazaqtardy Jayyq, Tobyl, Ertis ózenderi boyyndaghy ýirenshikti ata qonystarynan quyp, mal baghu sharuashylyghynyng qalypty jaghdayyn zorlyqpen ózgertti. Ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan atakәsip negizderinen aiyrdy, qazaqtyng ekonomikalyq dәuletin qatty oisyratty.
Ásirese otarlaudyng ýshinshi kezeni auyr boldy. Búl shaqta ishki Reseydegi jer daghdarysyn sheshu ýshin, «qazaqtyng jerin iygerip-kórkeytu» (Stolypiyn) jeleuimen, patshalyq әkimshilik Qazaqstangha qonys audarushylar tasqynyn búrghan edi. Osy orys kóshi mýddesine qazaqtan 1916 jylgha deyin kólemi 40.647.765 desyatina jer tartyp alynghan (1 desyatina 1,09 gektargha ten). Búl mólsher barlyq shúrayly, ómir sýruge qolayly jer-su aumaghynan asyp ketti.
Al shúrayly jerler mólsheri kýlli qazaqtyq aumaqtyng besten birine de jetpeytin. Jer komissariatynyng 1925 jylghy mәlimeti boyynsha - barlyq jer aumaghy 202.962.345 desyatina, onyng ishinde jaramdy jer kólemi 38.170.000 desyatina edi. 1925 jylghy qúryltayda: «Pereselen tolqynynyng qysymymen qazaq búqarasy... shóbi jútan, suy az, qúmdauyt jerlerge yghysugha mәjbýr boldy. Osy apatty sayasat Ólke ekonomikasyn tez qúldyratty. Eger ótken ghasyrdyng 70-shi jj. bir qazaq sharuashylyghyna 59 bas maldan kelse, 1914-1915 jj. pereselen qozghalysynyng artuymen búl sifr 25-26 basqa deyin tómendedi», - dep kórsetildi.
Patsha ýkimetining otarlyq jýiesi tóndirgen qauipti HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq ziyalylary tereng sezinip, odan qorghanu joldaryn oilastyrghan bolatyn. Biraq olardyng is-әreketterin qúpiya polisiya tez әshkereledi. Qily jazalau sharalaryn qoldandy. Sonda ziyalylar Birinshi orys revolusiyasynyng dýmpuimen ómirge kelgen jogharghy zang shygharushy organgha ýmit artty.
Mәselen, 1906 jyly 1-shi Memlekettik duma minbesinen orynborlyq deputat Timofey Sedelinikov jerinen airylyp jatqan qazaqtyng kedeyshilikke úrynghanyn әngime etti. Torghaylyq deputat Ahmet Birimjanov Dumagha әli kelip jetpegen qazaq deputattary ýshin agrarlyq komissiyadan qosymsha oryn kózdelui qajettigin kóterdi. 1907 jyly 2-shi Memlekettik dumada semeylik deputat Temirghaly Núrekenov jútqa úshyrap, qayyr súrap ketken bosqyn qazaqtargha ýkimet tarapynan jәrdem berilu kerektigin mәsele etip kóterdi. Al oraldyq deputat Baqytjan Qarataev ýkimetting sharualardy ishki Reseyden «jana jerlerge» qonys audartu arqyly qazaqty jer-sudan aiyrghan pereselendik sayasatyn synaghan ataqty sózin sóiledi. Biraq olardyng birde-biri biylikke únaghan joq. Imperator búlargha eki Dumany da tarqatyp jiberuimen, әri búratanalardy búdan bylay saylau qúqyghynan aiyrghan 1907 jylghy «3 mausym» zanyn shygharuymen jauap berdi.
Patsha ýkimetining agrarlyq sayasatyn 2-shi Memduma mýshesi B.Qarataev onyng komissiyalarynda atqarghan júmysy retimen de, ózining qazaq mýddesin qorghau joldaryn izdestiru orayymen de jiti zerttedi. Ýkimetting qazaqtardyng kóshpeli ómir saltyn HH ghasyrda mýldem joymaq jospary baryn iri lauazymdy patsha chinovniygi auzynan estidi. (Degenmen kóshpeli ómir saltynyng omyrtqasyn birjolata ýzudi sarizm emes, bolishevizm jýzege asyrdy). Biylikting qazaq mýddesine qayshy is-әreketin pereselen basqarmasynyng kýndelikti is-daghdysynan kórip otyrdy. Shúrayly jer-sudyng jyrymdalyp qonys audarushylargha ótip jatqanyn naqty mysaldarmen dәleldep, onyng basty sebepterin dәrmensizdene taldady (búghan onyn uniyversiytettes joldasy Barlybek Syrtanovqa 10-jyldary joldaghan, 30-jyldary baspasózde jariya bolghan haty, sonday-aq 1910 jyly Álihan Bókeyhanovqa da jazyp, 2004 jyly «Alash qozghalysy» qújattar men materialdar jinaghynda basylghan haty kuә). Aqyry, qazaq ýshin búdan bylay túrmys saltyn qayta qúru ghana ómirsheng bolmaghyn paryqtap, ýkimet sayasatyna beyimdeludi qolayly kórdi. Árkimge jer ýlesin alyp otyryqshylyqqa kóshu qajettigin uaghyzdady. Bir qauym júrtty otyryqshy etip ózi ýlgi kórsetti.
Alayda búl bastamanyng ghúmyry úzaq bolmady. Ony qazaq ziyalylarynyng Álihan Bókeyhanov bastaghan ekinshi beldi toby qabyl almady. Agrarlyq mәselelerding iri bilimpazy Á.Bókeyhanov patsha ýkimeti úsynghan jer ýlesi mólsherine mýldem qarsy boldy. Ol qazaqtyng kóshpeli ómir salty men mal sharuashylyghyn saqtau jaghynda edi. Múnyng tereng sebepteri bar-tyn. Kóshpendilerdi otyryqshylyqqa kóshuge mәjbýr etu arqyly patshalyq ekinshi jymysqy әreketin - orystandyru men shoqyndyru sharalaryn da jýzege asyrmaqshy bolghan. Sol maqsatpen olardy basym kópshiligi orystar túratyn shirkeui bar eldi mekenderge aralas qonystandyru jayynda núsqau bergen. Múnday bolashaq shoshyndyrmay qoymaytyn.
Al otyryqshylyqqa sol jyldarghy mәjbýrlik yqtimal etken evolusiyalyq jolmen beyimdelmegen qazaq tirshiligi bolisheviktik kýrt betbúrys nauqandarynda qanday qayghyly kýige týskeni belgili...
Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy 2008 jyly Almaty oblystyq memlekettik múraghatymen birlesip, «1930-jyldarghy asharshylyq: sebepteri, auqymy, zardaptary» taqyrybymen respublikalyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiya ótkizdi. Onda belgili ghalymdar, múraghatshylar, zertteushiler bayandamalar men habarlamalar jasap, estelikter men oi-pikirler aitty, alapat asharshylyqty jan-jaqty taldady, sebep-saldarlaryna toqtalyp, aldaghy mindetterdi aiqyndaugha talap qyldy.
Mәselen, professor Talas Omarbekov kóshpendilerding 30-jyldarghy qayghyly taghdyryn reseylik múraghattardan alynghan naqty derektermen janghyrtty. Professor Júldyz Abylghojin asharshylyqty industriyalau nauqanyna tyghyz úshtastyra jýrgizilgen auyl sharuashylyghyn reformalaudyng qayghyly saldary retinde qarastyrdy. Kezinde Jogharghy Kenes Tóralqasy qúrghan komissiya qúramynda zertteu júmystarymen ainalysqan búl ghalymdar «ashtyq neden boldy?» degen saualgha jauap beruge úmtylsa, dosent Ashat Álimov bayandamasynda «endi ne isteu kerek?» degen súraqtyng jauabyn nobaylaugha tyrysty. Taldyqorghanda studentter kýshimen jýrgizip jýrgen zertteulerining alghashqy nәtiyjelerin bayandady, әlemdik órmektordan arnayy sayt ashqanyn aitty, búl júmysty keng jolgha qongdyng jan-dýniyeni tazartu, ruhty kýsheytu orayynda ólsheusiz zor mәni bolaryn әngimeledi. Memlekettik múraghattardyng jauapty qyzmetkerleri konferensiya qozghaghan mәseleni arhivterde saqtalghan qújattar men materialdar negizinde ashyp tolyqtyra týsti. Asharshylyqtyng kórkem әdebiyette beynelenui jayyndaghy habarlar, әuletterde saqtalghan ardagerlerding estelikteri men pikirleri konferensiya mazmúnyn bayyta týsti.
Ashtyq taqyryby «Ádilet» qoghamy: totalitarlyq tarihtan - demokratiyalyq bolashaqqa» (2009), «Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» (2010) atty respublikalyq jәne halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyalarda da qozghalyp, qorytyndy qújattarynda kórinis tapty. Halyqaralyq konferensiyada ukrainalyq tarihshy, sol elding Almatydaghy Bas konsuly Ludmila Protasova Ukrainadaghy 30-shy jyldarghy asharshylyqqa kinәlilerding aty atalyp, jariya bolghanyn, Golodomordyng halyqaralyq dәrejede moyyndalghanyn әngimeledi. Almatydaghy ukrain diasporasynyng ókilderi «Ádilet» mýshelerimen birge ashtyq qúrbandaryna eskertkish túrghyzylatyn oryndy belgilegen tasqa gýl qoyyp, milliondaghan jazyqsyzdar ruhyna taghzym etti.
Keyingi jyldary, «Ádilet» qoghamynyng úsynysyna say, 31 mamyr qarsanyndaghy júmada ashtyq qúrbandaryna arnalghan arnayy sharalar óte bastady. Meshitterdegi júma namazda asharshylyq qasireti jayynda uaghyz oqylyp, Últtyq Apat aruaqtaryna qúran baghyshtalyp keledi.
Osynday sharalar ótkizip túrudyng dәstýrge ainaluyna súrapyl ashtyqtyng 80 jyldyghyn memlekettik dengeyde atau yqpal etuge tiyis.
Beybit QOYShYBAEV,
Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy
tóraghasynyng birinshi orynbasary, jazushy,
(Jalghasy bar)
«Abay-aqparat»