Biyl, 10 nauryzda, qúrylghanyna 80 jyl tolghaghan Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy ejelgi jәne orta ghasyrlar dәuirining ózinde-aq sharuashylyghy damyp, mәdeniyeti gýldengen, iri qalalary bolghan ónir. Aumaghy jóninen dýniyejýzinde toghyzynshy oryndaghy Qazaqstannyng 117.300 sharshy shaqyrymyn alyp jatqan, túnyp túrghan tarihy bar búl ónir - ata-babalarmyzdyng qashannan bergi jaylauy, qútty qonysy. Qoynauy túnghan asyl qazyna, tausylmas yrys. Tóbesi kók tiregen biyik shyndary, shókken narday úzynnan-úzaq sozylghan jotalary, әrbir sayy men syldyr qaqqan móldir búlaqtary, iyrelendey sozylghan ózenderi, qyrlary men belderi nebir syrdy býgip jatyr.

Oblys geografiyalyq jaghynan Túran oipatynyng shyghys bóligine ornalasqan. Teristiginde - Betbaqdala shóli, Shu angharynyng ontýstiginde - Moyynqúm, batysynda -  Qyzylqúm jәne Shardara dalasy, al, qiyr ontýstiginde - Myrzashól. Ortalyq bóliginde, ontýstik-shyghystan soltýstikke qaray 217 shaqyrymgha kólbey sozylyp Qaratau jotasy jatyr. Al, ontýstik-shyghysynda Talas Alatauynyng batys shetindegi Ógem jotasy bar. Ógem men Keles ózenderin bólip túrghan Qarjantau jotasy Tәnirtaudyng batys silemi bolyp tabylady.

Biyl, 10 nauryzda, qúrylghanyna 80 jyl tolghaghan Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy ejelgi jәne orta ghasyrlar dәuirining ózinde-aq sharuashylyghy damyp, mәdeniyeti gýldengen, iri qalalary bolghan ónir. Aumaghy jóninen dýniyejýzinde toghyzynshy oryndaghy Qazaqstannyng 117.300 sharshy shaqyrymyn alyp jatqan, túnyp túrghan tarihy bar búl ónir - ata-babalarmyzdyng qashannan bergi jaylauy, qútty qonysy. Qoynauy túnghan asyl qazyna, tausylmas yrys. Tóbesi kók tiregen biyik shyndary, shókken narday úzynnan-úzaq sozylghan jotalary, әrbir sayy men syldyr qaqqan móldir búlaqtary, iyrelendey sozylghan ózenderi, qyrlary men belderi nebir syrdy býgip jatyr.

Oblys geografiyalyq jaghynan Túran oipatynyng shyghys bóligine ornalasqan. Teristiginde - Betbaqdala shóli, Shu angharynyng ontýstiginde - Moyynqúm, batysynda -  Qyzylqúm jәne Shardara dalasy, al, qiyr ontýstiginde - Myrzashól. Ortalyq bóliginde, ontýstik-shyghystan soltýstikke qaray 217 shaqyrymgha kólbey sozylyp Qaratau jotasy jatyr. Al, ontýstik-shyghysynda Talas Alatauynyng batys shetindegi Ógem jotasy bar. Ógem men Keles ózenderin bólip túrghan Qarjantau jotasy Tәnirtaudyng batys silemi bolyp tabylady.

Al, "Myng bir týndegi" arab haliftary sarayyndaghy myng búralghan biyshi qyzdardyng qypsha belindey iyrelendegen, erte kezden-aq talay anyz ben jyrdyng ózegine ainalghan ózenderi she! Ózender demekshi, kezinde Mәurennahrdyng bir sheti bolyp eseptelgen, Seyhun nemese Seyhundariya degen atpen belgili Syrdariya ózeni jatyr sylang qaghyp. Oghan jaghalauy qonysqa toly Arys kelip qúisa, onyng arnasyn Qoshqaratamen toghysatyn Boraldaydyng suy tolyqtyrady. Jalpy, onyng salalary Badam, Sayramsu, Aqsu, Jabaghyly, Mashat, Dauylbaba, Boralday bolyp keledi. Qaratau jotalarynyng ortalyq bóliginen Bógen, Shayan, Arystandy aqsa, odan aryda Shylbyr, Bayyldyr, Qarashyq, t.b. ózenderi men Qarataudyng etegine taman jerindegi Aqsýmbe arqyly ótip, Syrdariyagha qúighan, bas aghysyna Qazaq handyghynyng tuy tigilgen Shu ózeni de bar.

Órkesh-órkesh Qarataudyng soltýstik-batysynda qoynauyna nebir baylyqty qúndaqtaghan Mynjylqy, Kelinshektau jatyr. Onyng arghy betinde she?.. Ásem qalalary bar ónir kezinde el kezgen talay saudagerler men jihangerlerding tandayyn qaqtyrghany belgili. Búl ónir Qytaydan Batys elderine baratyn aty әigili Jibek jolynyng boyy.

Týstikten soltýstik-batysqa qaray sozylyp jatqan toghyz joldyng torabyn týiistirgen Qaratau qoynauynan, Syr boyynan ary asyp, soltýstiginde Saryarqagha shektesken ónir erte kezderden-aq qaynaghan ómirding ortalyghy edi.  Kerilip jatqan Betpaghy men Myrzashóldey keng dalasy, maldyng qysqy yqtasyny bolghan Qyzylqúmy men Moyynqúmy, talay jyr men anyzdyng arqauyna ainalghan әr tóbesi men sayy, zanghar basynan qús qanaty jete bermeytin Qaratau, Alataudyng asqar shyndary men beles-beles jotalary tabighat súlulyghynyng belgisi.

Búl ónir arghy tarihy  biz ýshin әli de  beymәlim, bergi jaghy parsy, qytay jazbalarynda aitylatyn, sonau zamanda-aq gýldenip, órkendegen Shyghys pen Batysqa mәshhýr ónir.

Ótken tarihymyzgha kóz jibersek, saqtar, qanlylar, týrkiler dәuirinde, Shynghyshannyng qazaq jerine shabuyly zamanynda búl ónirde qanshama oqighalar boldy. Búl aimaq óz topyraghynda ejelgi jәne ortaghasyrlyq qalalardy, olarda ómir sýrgen ghúlama ghalymdardy, danyshpandardy ómirge keltirdi.

Qazaq handyghynyng qúryluy qarsanynda da nebir shapqynshylyqtarmen qatar halqymyzdyng bolashaq tarihy ýshin manyzdy oqighalar da oryn alyp jatty. Eski dastandarda: "Han jaylaghan Qaratau, By jaylaghan Alatau" degen joldar da úshyrasady.

Handarymyz qart Qarataudyng qoynaularynan ang aulap, osynda ómir sýrgen. Kerey men Jәnibekten keyin olardyng úrpaqtary basqaryp, kóbi enku-enku jer shalyp.., temir qazyq jastanyp jerdi, eldi jatjúrttyqtardan qorghady emes pe.

Qazaq handyghynyng qúryluy qarsanynda da búl ónirde nebir shapqynshylyqtar ghana emes, halqymyzdyng bolashaq tarihy ýshin manyzdy oqighalar da bolyp jatty. "Eski dastandarda: "Han jaylaghan Qaratau, By jaylaghan Alatau" degen joldar úshyrasady.

Bizding handarymyz býgingi qart Qarataudyng qoynaularynan ang aulap, osynda ómir sýrgen. Kerey men Jәnibekten keyin olardyng úrpaqtary basqaryp, olardyng kóbi enku-enku jer shalyp.., temir qazyq jastanyp jerdi, eldi jat júrttyqtardan qorghady emes pe.

Qazaq әmirshileri ata-babalarynyng búrynghy kóship-qonyp jýrgen jerlerine, ejelden kele jatqan qalalaryna tolyq biylik ornatudy maqsat etti. Týrkistan,  Qaratau etegindegi ejelgi Sozaq, Sauran men ósip-órkendegen Tashkent qazaqtardyng qalasy boldy.

XV-XVI ghasyrlarda kóp talas bolghan Týrkistan XVI ghasyrdyng sonynda qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna birjola enip, XVII ghasyrdan bastap ol qazaq handyghynyng astanasyna ainaldy. Aqyrynda "Qasqa jol" salghan Qasym hannyng jenisterin jalghastyrghan Esim hannan bastap barlyq ishki jәne syrtqy mәseleler osy jerde sheshildi. Kýni keshe, HVIII ghasyrdyng basynda Úly jýzding astanasy Tashkent, Orta jýzding astanasy Týrkistan bolsa (әri Qazaq handyghynyng astanasy), Kishi jýzding astanasy Sauran bolyp, qazaqtyng ýsh jýzining býkil mýddesining toghysqan jerine ainaldy.

Qazaq-jonghar qatynasynyng naghyz shiyelenisken jyldaryndaghy súrapyl oqighalardyng deni osy jerde boldy. Sol jaghdaydan azat boludyng bastamasy da osy jerde sheshildi. Sol 1726 jyldyng kóktemindegi azattyq jolyndaghy kýresting de Ontýstik ónirinen bastalghany belgili.

Odan keyin she?!. Odan keyin Kishi jýz qazaqtary Resey imperiyasynyng qúramyna enip jatqanda búl jerde jonghar basqynshylary biyligin moyyndap, biraz jyl sonyng qolastynda kýn keshti. Úly jýzding ordasy bolghan Tashkent, Orta jýzding astanasy bolghan Týrkistan, Kishi jýzding astanasy bolghan Sauran qalalary ýshin jongharlar men qazaqtar arasynda jan berip, jan alysqan nebir shayqastar oryn aldy. Jonghariya birjola Jer betinen joyylghannan keyin jarty ghasyrdan song bir jaghy Jetisugha, ekinshi jaghy Aral ónirine deyin, ýshinshi jaghy Betbaqdalagha jetken jalpaq ónir Qoqan biyligining qolastynda boldy. Aqyrynda, orys әskerleri 1864 jyldyng 12 mausymynda Týrkistandy, 22 qyrkýieginde Shymkentti, 1865 jyldyng mamyrynda Tashkentti basyp alyp, Ontýstik ónirine de Resey biyligi ornady.

Patsha ýkimetining 1867-1868 jyldardaghy Qazaqstandaghy jýrgizgen әkimshilik reformalaryna sәikes Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghy qúrylyp, birneshe oblystarmen birge býgingi Jambyl, Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Qyzylorda oblystaryn biriktirgen, ortalyghy Tashkent qalasy bolghan Syrdariya oblysy onyng qúramyna endi. Týrkistan ólkesi patsha ókimetining strategiyalyq manyzy zor aimaghyna ainaldy... Búl ónir shynynda da jerasty baylyghy mol, tabighaty jayly, tek mal sharuashylyghy ýshin ghana emes, sonymen birge eginshilikti damytu ýshin de qolayly boldy.

Sondyqtan búl aimaqqa Reseyding ortalyq audandarynan qonys audaru ýshin qolayly jaghday bar bolatyn. Osynyng bәri patsha ýkimetining osy ónirdi qaru kýshimen basyp aluynyng qarsanynda-aq oilastyrylyp, syrttan sheshilip qoyylghan mәselesi edi.

Qazaq dalasyn birynghay basqaru jýiesin engizuge dayyndyq jýrip, arnayy komissiya qúryldy. 1867 jyly 11 shildede "Jetisu jәne Syrdariya oblystaryn basqaru turaly uaqytsha ereje", al, 1868 jyldyng 22 qazanynda "Orynbor jәne Batys-Sibir general-gubernatorlyghynyng dalalyq oblystaryn basqaru turaly uaqytsha ereje" bekitildi. Qazaqstan territoriyasy ýsh general-gubernatorlyqqa bólindi. Ár general-gubernatorlyq oblysqa, oblys uezderge, uezd bolystargha, eng sonynda, bolystyq auyldargha jikteldi.

Osylaysha, otarshyldyq әmiri jýrgen tústa patshanyng senimdi tiregine ainalghan Omby qalasy negizinen Orta jýz qazaqtarynyng әkimshilik ortalyghyna, Orynbor Kishi jýz qazaqtarynyng sayasiy-әkimshilik ortalyghyna ainaldy. Al, búdan keyin Ortalyq Aziya tútasymen Resey tarapynan jaulanyp alynghan song ol ólke de oblystargha bólinip, Úly jýz qazaqtarynyng el biyleudegi sayasiy-әkimshilik ortalyghy Tashkent qalasyna qaratyldy.

Sóitip, Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghyna sonau ghasyrlardan bergi tarihy mol shejireli Ontýstik ónirindegi Jetisu jәne Syrdariya oblystary endi. Syrdariya oblysyna Áulieata, Shymkent, Týrkistan, Qazaly, Perovsk, Tashkent, Hodjent jәne Jizaq uezderi kirdi. Jergilikti jerde býkil biylik uezd bastyqtaryna berildi, bolystar rulyq emes, territoriyalyq negizde qúryldy. Uezd bastyqtary orystardan, әskery ofiyserlerden taghayyndaldy. Bolysty bolystar, auyldy starshyndar basqardy. Olar qazaqtardan saylanyp qoyyldy.

Ontýstik ónirindegi býkil biylik biraz jyl Týrkistan general-gubernatory, jergilikti halyq "Jarty patsha" dep ataghan Konstantin Petrovich fon-Kaufmannyng qolynda boldy. Qalalarda jәne iri eldi mekenderde ishki qúrylymdaghy basshylyq jýrgizetin auyl aqsaqaldary boldy. Áriyne, olar sol qalalardaghy uezd bastyqtary - әskery adamdardyng jer-jerlerdegi oryndaushylary edi. Mysaly, Týrkistan qalasynda sol kezdegi jergilikti basqaru jýiesi boyynsha 13 auyl aqsaqaldyghy, Sholaqqorghanda - 4, Iqanda - 9, Qarnaqta - 4, Sozaqta - 9, al Babayqorghanda 1 aqsaqaldyq  boldy. 1872 jyldan bastap Týrkistan uezi Shymkent uezine qosyldy.

Patsha ýkimeti bolystar men auyl aqsaqaldaryna belgili bir merzimge saylau nauqandaryn jýrgizdi. Sonyng biri - 1874 jylghy saylau barlyq jerde birdey jýrgizilse, 1876 jyly ótkizilgen qayta saylauda kóptegen bolystar men auyl aqsaqaldary qayta saylandy. Al, 1882 jylghy Shymkent uezindegi 16 bolysta 158 auyl jәne aqsaqaldyq bolsa, Týrkistan uezinde 6 aqsaqaldyq, 11 bolysqa barlyghy 76 auyl qarady.

III Aleksandr patshanyng Týrkistan ólkesin basqaru turaly 1886 jylghy mausym aiynyng 2-shi júldyzynda qol qoyghan Jarlyghy ken-baytaq ólkeni basqarudyng býkil qúrylymyna reforma jasaudy bastap berdi. Jana erejege sәikes Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghyna Syrdariya, Ferghana, Samarqan oblystary kirgizildi. Syrdariya oblysy 5 uezden túrdy, onyng ishinde Shymkent uezi 91025 sharshy shaqyrym jerdi alyp jatty. Búl degeniniz Shymkent uezining jer kólemi qazirgi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng jer kólemine jaqyn degen sóz edi. Al, 1897 jyly jana general-gubernatorlyqtyng qúramyna qaytadan Jetisu oblysy berildi. Búrynghysha general-gubernatorlardyng biyligi saqtalyp, dara biyleushige ainaldy. Oblystardyng biyligi әdettegidey әskery gubernatorlardyng qolynda boldy. Joghary biylik jýrgizuding osylay qúryluy olar ýshin jiyrma jyl boyy ózin-ózi aqtap, әsirese jergilikti jerlerde ólkeni otarlaudy jenildetken edәuir syndarly basqaru jýiesin nyghayta berdi.

Búl kezde ontýstik ónirine orys qonys audarushylary kele bastady. 1875-1895 jyldary Syrdariya oblysynda 52 orys eldi mekeni qúrylyp, onyng ishinde Shymkent uezine 17 orys auyly qarady.

Oblysta iri eldi mekender men qalalar halqynyng sany ósti. 1910 jyly Shymkent qalasynda 21 mynnan astam túrghyn, onyng ishinde 7996 er men 13781 әiel boldy. Jalpy, túrghyndardyng ishinde jergilikti halyqtar kóp edi. Biraq jyl ótken sayyn Shymkent qalasynda orys túrghyndardyng sany kóbeydi.

Reseyding ortalyq bóliginen kelimsekterding kóbengine baylanysty qazaq sharualarynyng jerleri barghan sayyn taryldy, olar shúrayly jerlerinen aiyrylyp tau-tasty, qúnarsyz jerlerge qaray quyldy. Sóitip, Ontýstikte basqa últtardyng sany óse bastady.

Osy kezde Shymkent ónirinde Syrdariya, Bayyrqúm, Sarykól, Bórijar, Aqtas, Qazyghúrt, Badam, Qaramúrt, Mashat, Maylykent, Qoshqarata, Boralday, Arys bolystary bar edi. Sonday-aq, Qarabúlaq, Mashat, Sayram, Qaramúrt, Súltan Rabat, Yangalyq, Donguzlan siyaqty iri eldi mekender de bar edi. Al, Týrkistan uezinde Bógen, Shayan, Qarakól, Jylybúlaq, Arystandy, Aqmola, Noghay qorghan, Aqtóbe, Hantaghy, Qaratau, Shu bolystary men Qarnaq, Iqan, Shilik, Sozaq, Sholaqqorghan siyaqty iri eldi mekender boldy.

Túrghyndar sany 1887 jyly Aqtas bolysyndaghy  7 auylda 5380, Aqtóbe bolysyndaghy 10 auylda 6148 adam túrdy. Al, Arys bolysyndaghy 7 auylda 8095, Arystandy bolysyndaghy 9 auylda 4905, Bógen bolysyndaghy 9 auylda 5410, Bayyrqúm bolysyndaghy 10 auylda 6255, Boralday bolysyndaghy 10 auylynda 8215, Bórijar bolysyndaghy 8 auylda 6150, Jylybúlaq bolysyndaghy 8 auylda 5165, Qazyghúrt bolysyndaghy 8 auylda 5365, Qaramúrt bolysyndaghy 11 auylda8385, Qoshqarata bolysyndaghy 8 auylda 5785, Qyzylkól bolysyndaghy 12 auylda 7920, Maylykent bolysyndaghy 14 auylda 9560, Mashat bolysyndaghy 11 auylda 8415, Noghay Qorghan bolysyndaghy 17 auylda 9106, Sarykól bolysyndaghy 11 auylda 6225, Syrdariya bolysyndaghy 9 auylda 5750, Týrkistan uchaskesindegi 11 auylda 5726, Hantaghy bolysyndaghy 16 auylda 1006,  Shu bolysyndaghy 11 auylda 7810 túrghyn ómir sýrdi.

Qarataudyng kýngey jaghynda jatqan túrghyndary kóp, kezinde әkimshilik ortalyqtary bolghan eldi mekender ishinde Sozaq bolysyndaghy Sozaq eldi mekeninde 1669, Sholaqqorghan eldi mekeninde 996 adam túrdy. Qarnaq bolysyndaghy Qarnaqta 1873, Iqanda 1247, Týrkistan aqsaqaldyghynda 6217 túrghyn boldy. Óndiris oryndarynyng ósuine osy ghasyrdyng basyndaghy 1901-1905 jyldarda salynghan úzyndyghy 1736 kilometrlik Orynbor-Tashkent temirjoly ýlken ról atqardy.

HH ghasyrdyng basy qazaq dalasyna da dýbirli oqighalardy alyp keldi. Halyq biylikke úmtyldy. Uezding ortalyghy - Chernyaev qalasynda 1917 jyldyng mamyrynda júmysshy-soldattar deputattarynyng qalalyq Kenesi qúryldy. Qazan tónkerisinen keyin jergilikti jerlerdegi býkil ókimet biyligi júmysshy, soldat jәne sharua deputattary Kenesterining qolyna kóshti. 1918-1920 jyldardaghy azamat soghysy ayaqtalghannan keyin auyl sharuashylyghyn, óndiris oryndaryn, mәdeniyetti damytugha mýmkindik tudy. Alayda, taghy da sol qiyndyq, qarjy jetispedi. Soghan qaramastan jana qúrylys isine halyqtyng negizgi bóligi qúlshyna kiristi.

1920 jyly 26 tamyzda Býkilreseylik Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti men RKFSR Halyq komissarlary Kenesining "Qazaq Kenestik sosialistik Avtonomiyalyq Respublikasyn qúru turaly" M.IY.Kalinin men V.IY.Lenin qol qoyghan dekreti jariyalandy. Qyrghyz (Qazaq) AKSR-i qúrylyp, ortalyghy Orynbor qalasy boldy. Biraq ol kezde Jetisu, Syrdariya oblystary Týrkistan AKSR-ning qúramyna endi. Syrdariya oblysyna Qazaly, Perovsk, Týrkistan, Tashkent, Myrzashól, Chernyaev, Áulieata  uezderi  kirdi.

Sonyng ishinde 1920-1924 jyldary Chernyaev uezine Aqsu, Aqtas, Alekseevka, Arys, Badam, Belye vody, Boralday, Vanovka, Georgiyevka, Dorofeevka, Jabaghyly, Jylybúlaq, Qazyghúrt, Qarabúlaq, Qarakól, Qoshqarata, Mashat, Mynbúlaq, Pervomay, Sarykól, Sayram, Syrdariya, Temirlan, Týlkibas, Shayan bolystary ense, Týrkistan uezi Aqtóbe, Janaqorghan, Jetiaryq, Iqan, Qaratau, Qarnaq, Qostóbe, Qosmezgil, Kóksheqúm, Qúmkól, Qúrshu, Saryózen, Sauran, Noghayly, Sozaq, Ýzgen, Ýshqayyq, Shu, Shilik bolystarynan túrdy.

Keles óniri men Myrzashóldegi, Tashkent manyndaghy Tobolina, Túrbat, Ishan bazar, Chicherino, Jogharghy Shyrshyq, Janabazar, Slavyanka, Qaratas, Qyzylqúm, Shyrshyq, Sharaphana, t.b. eldi mekender ortalyghy Tashkent qalasy sanalghan Tashkent uezine qaraghan edi.

Búl jyldary keybir eldi mekender, bolystyn, uezding jәne keybir ortalyqtardyng attary ózgertilip jatty. Sonyng biri - 1914 jyly Shymkent qalasyn general Chernyaevting aluynyng 50 jyldyghyna baylanysty ózgergen bolsa, 1921 jyly shilde aiynyng 21 júldyzynda Chernyaev qalasynyng aty qaytadan qalpyna keltirildi.

RK(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining qaulysyna sәikes 1924 jyldyng 14 qazanynda Ortalyq Aziya men Qazaqstanda últtyq-territoriyalyq mejeleu turaly úsynysy qaralyp, 27 qazanda Býkilodaqtyq Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti ony bekitti. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde Jetisu, Syrdariya oblystary Týrkistan Respublikasy qúramynan Qazaq Avtonomiyaly Kenes sosialistik Respublikasyna berildi. Syrdariya guberniyalyq I partiya konferensiyasy astana retinde Tashkent qalasyn atady. Biraq RK(b)P Qazaq oblystyq komiytetining II plenumy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy últtyq-memlekettik mejeleu mәselesinde búl mәseleni qanshama kótergenimen keybir orys últynan shyqqan basshylardyng qoldamauy men úiymdastyru júmysyndaghy jiberilgen kemshilikter saldarynan qazaqtyng bayyrghy qalasy Qazaqstangha berilmey, Ózbekstanda qalyp qoydy.

Tashkent qalasynda 1897, 1906 jylghy halyq sanaghyndaghy jaydy aitpaghanda, 1911 jylghy sanaq boyynsha múnda qazaqtar 61 payyz, ózbekter 31, qúramalar 5, basqa halyqtar 3 payyz bolatyn. Al, 1920 jylghy búrmalanghan sanaqtyng ózinde qazaqtar 56,7 payyz edi. Sóitip, Tashkentting Ózbek AKSR-ine beriluine baylanysty Syrdariya oblysyna tek mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn audandar ketip, oblystaghy búrynghy iri ónerkәsip oryndarynyng bәrinen qúralaqan qaldy.

Sóitip, 1924 jyly 12 jeltoqsanda Jetisu, Syrdariya oblystary guberniya bolyp qayta qúryldy. Óitkeni, Týrkistan respublikasynda oblystar, al, Qazaqstanda guberniyalar bolatyn. Syrdariya guberniyasynyng ortalyghy Tashkentten Shymkentke auysty.

Guberniyada uezdik, bolystyq partiya komiytetteri qúryldy. Al, guberniya Aqmeshit, Áulieata, Qazaly, Tashqazaq (Tashkent-qazaq), Týrkistan, Shymkent uezderinen túrdy. Sonyng ishinde Shymkent uezine 26, Týrkistan uezine 21, Tashqazaq uezine 31 bolys kirdi. Tashqazaq uezining ortalyghy 1925 jyly 10 tamyzda Tashkenttegi Kókterekten Chicherino selosyna, al, 1926 jyly 12-qyrkýiekte Saryaghashqa kóshirildi. Respublika ortalyghy 1925 jyldyng nauryz aiynyng sonynda Orynbordan Aqmeshitke auysty.

Qazaqstan  auyl sharuashylyghyn sosialistik jolmen qayta qúru men sosialistik industriyalandyru baghytyn jýzege asyruda kóptegen qiyndyqtargha tap boldy. Guberniyada HH ghasyrdyng 20 jyldarynyng ekinshi jartysynda óndiris oryndary men auyl sharuashylyghyn órkendetu jolynda kóptegen sharalar jýrdi. Ontýstik ónirinde metall óndeytin, toqyma, tigin, tamaq, qúrylys óndiristeri boy kóterdi.

1928 jyldyng 17 qantarynda iske asqan jýiege baylanysty guberniyalar men uezder, bolystar joyylyp, endi okrug, audan, auyl bolyp qúryldy. Qazaqstanda búrynghy guberniyalardyng ornyna 13 okrug, uezder men bolystardyng ornyna 193 audan qúryldy. Syrdariya guberniyasynyng jerinde Qyzylorda, Syrdariya okrugteri qúryldy. Qyzylorda okruginde 8 audan boldy. Syrdariya okrugining qaramaghynda Arys, Áulieata, Badam, Belye vody, Bostandyq, Erjar, Janaqorghan, Jualy, Keles, Qaratas, Qyzylqúm, Mashat-Sayram, Merki, Moyynqúm, Sarysu, Sozaq, Talas, Týrkistan, Týlkibas, Shayan, Shu audandary boldy. Syrdariya okrugtik komiytetining birinshi hatshylyghyna E.Gurin saylandy. Sóitip, audandardyng qúryluy 1928 jyldan bastaldy.

Osy kezde territoriyalyq basqaru jýiesin taghy da ózgertu júmysy jýrdi. Býkilodaqtyq Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining 1930 jylghy 23 shildesindegi qaulysyna say jeltoqsan aiynan bastap okrugtik bólinu joyylyp, respublikada 121 irilengen audan qúryldy. Audandar tikeley respublikagha qarady. Biraq búl eldegi basqaru jýiesin qiyndatty. Auyldar respublika ortalyghymen baylanysa almady. Osyghan oray endi osy eki aralyqta baylanystyrushy jana әkimshilik basqaru jýiesin qúru qajet boldy. Sondyqtan 1932 jyldyng 10 qantarynda BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti Qazaqstanda oblystyq basqaru jýiesin engizudi dúrys dep tapty.

Sol jyldyng aqpan aiynda segizinshi shaqyrylghan Qazaqstan Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining ekinshi sessiyasy respublikada alty oblys qúru turaly mәsele úsynysty qarap, Almaty, Aqtóbe, Batys Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy, Ontýstik Qazaqstan jәne Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystaryn qúrudy úsyndy. Osy úsynysty 1932 jyldyng 10 nauryzynda Býkilodaqtyq Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti bekitti. Sóitip, oblystardyng qúryluy 1932 jyldan bastaldy.

Býgingi ontýstiktegi ýsh oblysty biriktirgen Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna alghashqyda 19 audan kirse, keyinnen onyng sany 26-gha jetti. Olar Arys, Áulieata, Badam, Bostandyq, Janaqorghan, Jualy, Qazaly, Qaratas, Keles, Qyzylqúm, Qyzylorda, Lengir, Merki, Maqtaaral, Sayram, Sarysu, Sozaq, Talas, Terenózek, Týrkistan, Týlkibas, Shayan, Shәuildir, t.b. audandary edi. Audandar birde irilenip, birde bólinip, endi birde audan ortalyqtary auysyp jatty.

Búl jyldary býkil eldegi siyaqty Ontýstik ónirinen de qazaq halqynyng bolashaghy ýshin kýresken qanshama últjandy ziyaly azamattar shyqty. Olardyng kópshiligi qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady.

1938 jyldyng 15 qantarynda Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng territoriyasynan Qyzylorda oblysy óz aldyna otau tigip, oghan Qazaly, Qarmaqshy, Qyzylorda, Janaqorghan audandary berilse, 1939 jyly Jambyl oblysy qúrylyp, bólindi. Sóitip, shejireli ontýstik ónirinde ýsh oblys qúrylyp, barghan sayyn nyghayyp, elimizding halyq sharuashylyghynyng ósip, mәdeniyetting gýldenuine naqty jol ashyldy.

30 jyldardyng sonynda ken-baytaq ontýstik jerinde bos jatqan jerlerdi iygeru júmystary bastaldy. Syrdariyanyng arghy betindegi Myrzashól ónirin iygeruge nazar audaryldy. Kirov atyndaghy kanal salyndy. Myndaghan gektar jana jerdi iygeruge jol ashyldy. Al, soghys jyldary maydanda Ontýstik ónirinen shyqqandar tamasha erlik ýlgilerin kórsetti. Býgingi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynan 48 adam Kenes Odaghynyng Batyry ataghyna ie boldy. Jalpy, Kenes Odaghynyng Batyry ataghyna ie 103 qazaq bolsa, sonyng ishinde 18 qazaq jauyngeri ontýstikten edi.

Soghystan keyingi jyldary bizding ónirde jenil ónerkәsip erekshe damydy. Jana óndiris oryndary qúrylyp paydalanugha berilip, olar halyq iygiligi ýshin týrli tauarlar shyghara bastady. 50-jyldardyng basynda territoriyalyq qúrylymda jekelegen ózgerister boldy. 1951 jyly 31 qantarda Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystyq atqaru komiytetining sheshimimen Qyzylqúm audanynyng ortalyghy Shardara selosynan Maqtaaralgha auysty. Osy jyly ortalyghy Burnoe selosy bolghan Jualy audany Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng qúramynan Jambyl oblysyna berildi. 1952 jyly 3 sәuirde Arys audanynyng ortalyghy Temirjol selosynan Arys poselkesine auysty. 1955 jyly 1 tamyzda Týrkistan audanyndaghy Qantaghy men Myrghalymsay júmysshy poselkeleri oblysqa qaraytyn Kentau qalasy bolyp qúryldy. 1956 jyly Kirov jәne Qyzylqúm audandary birigip, Kirov audany dep ataldy, osymen birge Frunze jәne Týrkistan audandary birikti. 1957 jyly Shymkent audany joyyldy.

Óndiris oryndaryn keneytuge besinshi, altynshy besjyldyq jyldarynda edәuir kónil bólindi. Jetinshi besjyldyq kezinde olar tehnikalyq jәne ekonomikalyq jaghynan nyghaydy. El ýshin qajet qúrylys materialdaryn jasaytyn óndiris oryndary salyndy. Onyng alghashqysy - Shymkent asbosement konsturksiyalary kombinaty boldy. 1955 jyly qúrylysy bastalghan Shymkent sement zauyty 1958 jyly 30 jeltoqsanda ózining túnghysh ónimin berse, 1961 jyly songhy tehnologiyalyq liniyasy paydalanugha berildi. Osymen bir mezgilde Lengir keramika, Shymkent qysh zauyty qayta qúryldy. Shymkent temir-beton búiymdarynan ýy jasaytyn zauyt qatargha qosyldy.

1959 jyly Kentau qalasynda ekskavator, 1960 jyly transformator zauyttary salynyp bitti. Shymkentte elektr apparattary, kardan bilikteri, gidroliz jәne shina jóndeu zauyttary, himiya zauytynyng Týrkistandaghy mal azyghyndyq antibiotikter, "Mankentjivmash" zauyttary, t.b. kәsiporyndar irgesin kóterdi nemese salynyp jatty. Osy jyly Shymkent-Tashkent joghary volitti elektr jýiesi júmys isteudi bastady. Búl osy ónirdi elektr jaryghymen qamtamasyz etude asa manyzdy boldy.

HH ghasyrdyng 50-jyldarynyng ayaghy men 60-jyldardyng basynda ontýstik ónirinde óndiris oryndarynyng ósuine baylanysty jana qalalar men qala tiptes eldi mekender payda boldy. Jana sovhozdar qúryldy. Olargha tasjoldar salyndy, elektr jýieleri tartyldy, kóptegen mәdeniyet oryndary boy kóterdi.

Sóitip, aimaqtyng auyl sharuashylyghynda da ýlken ister atqaryldy. Astyq, kýrish, maqta, t.b. búryn az egiletin egistikter kólemi kýrt ósti. Ontýstik ónirinde tyng jәne tynayghan jerdi iygeru sovhozdardy ghana emes, sonymen birge olardaghy auyl sharuashylyghy tehnikalarynyng sanyn da ósirdi. Maqta egistigin úlghaytu maqsatynda 1954 jyly Ontýstik Qazaqstanda Arys-Týrkistan kanalynyng qúrylysy bastaldy. Arys ózenining Qaraspan jerinen bastalyp, 194,5 shaqyrymgha jetetin búl kanal Frunze audanynyng (qazirgi Týrkistan audanynyng jeri) Sauran qystaghyna deyin sozylyp, 124,5 myng gektar jerdi sulandyruy tiyis boldy. Kanal boyynda jana sharuashylyqtar qúrylyp jatty.

Auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy ýlken jetistik - tyng jәne tynayghan jerdi iygeru nәtiyjesinde 1956 jyly alghashqy qazaqstandyq milliard pút astyq alynyp, respublika Lenin ordenimen marapattalsa, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng diqandary 11 million pút astyq tapsyrdy. Kóptegen kolhozshylar, sovhoz júmysshylary, mamandar, qyzmetkerler ordendermen, medalidarmen nagradtaldy, 15 adam Sosialistik Enbek Eri ataghyn iyelendi.

1962 jyly 3 mamyrda Ontýstik Qazaqstan ólkesi qúrylyp, oghan Jambyl, Qyzylorda, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystary qarap, songhysynyng aty Shymkent oblysy dep ózgertildi. Biraq ólkeler ómiri úzaqqa barmay 1964 jyly 1 jeltoqsanda qayta taratyldy. Osy aralyqta, 1963 jyldyng qantar aiynda oblystyng ontýstigindegi Kirov, Maqtaaral audandary men Qyzylqúm audanynyng biraz jeri Ózbekstangha berildi. Al KSRO Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidiumynyng 1956 jylghy 18 aqpandaghy  jarlyghyna sәikes 15 nauryzda ortalyghy Gazalkent qalasy bolghan, tabighaty meylinshe bay, әri kórikti, aspan tiregen biyik shyndarynyng eteginen búrqyldap shyghyp jatqan shipaly búlaqtary kóp, qazaqtar túratyn 4180 sharshy kilometr aimaqty alyp jatqan qazaqtardyng bayyrghy jeri - Bostandyq audany Ózbekstangha berilgen bolatyn.

Búl jyldary halyq sharuashylyghyn órkendetu men mәdeny qúrylysta qol jetken tabystar odan әri jalghasty. Sonysy ýshin elimizdegi basqa da oblystar siyaqty Shymkent oblysy 1967 jyldyng kýzinde Úly Qazan revolusiyasynyng 50 jyldyghy qarsanynda Lenin ordenimen marapattaldy.

Segizinshi, toghyzynshy besjyldyqtar kezinde ónerkәsip odan әri damyp, tehnikalyq jaghynan jaraqtanuy jaqsardy. 1970 jyly Shymkent oblysynda 170 ónerkәsip orny bolyp, olarda 64 mynday adam júmys istedi. Óndiris oryndarynda 255 týrli ónim shygharyldy. "Sapa belgisimen" shygharylghan ónimderding sany artty. Toghyzynshy besjyldyqtyng qorytyndysy boyynsha kóptegen enbek adamdary KSRO orden, medalidarymen marapattaldy. Al, "Achpoliymetall" kombinaty Oktyabri revolusiyasy, "Voshod" tigin fabrikasy «Enbek Qyzyl Tu», "Nan-bólke" birlestigi "Qúrmet belgisi" ordenderine ie boldy. Ónerkәsipting negizgi oryndary himiya, múnay óndeu, shina-rezina, týsti metallurgiya, mashina jәne pribor jasau, toqyma, tigin, tamaq jәne jergilikti qúrylys mashinalary, shiyfer-asbosement ónerkәsip salalary odan әri damyp, óndirgen ónimderining kólemi arta týsti.

Osy salalardaghy jetistikter jalghasyp, 80-jyldary el baylyghyn arttyru salasynda birshama nәtiyjeli ister atqaryldy. 1982 jyly KSRO-nyng qúryluynyng 60 jәne 1987 jylghy Qazan revolusiyasynyng 70 jyldyghy qarsanyndaghy júmystar edәuir qarqyndy jýrdi. Shymkent oblysy shygharghan búiymdar Odaq kólemin bylay qoyghanda, shetelderge tanymal bola bastady. Mysaly, 80-jyldardyng ekinshi jartysynda Shymkent oblysynyng 23 kәsipornynan óndirilgen ónimderin  dýniyejýzining 42 eli alyp otyrdy. Sonyng ishinde 11-i sosialistik, 12-si damyghan kapitalistik, 19-y damushy elder edi.

Búl kezende iri qúrylystar salu odan әri jalghasty. 1983 jyly asa iri qúrylystyng biri - 1642 kilometrlik Pavlodar-Shymkent múnay qúbyrlarynyng qúrylysy ayaqtaldy. Al, 1984 jyly búl qalada 30 jana ónerkәsip oryndary, jalpy kólemi 1,4 mln. sharshy metr túrghyn ýiler salynyp, paydalanugha berildi. Al, 1985 jyly oblys ortalyghynda ónerkәsip ónimining jana 92 týri iygerildi. Múnyng ózi ónim óndiru kólemining artuyna jaghday jasady.

Qalalarda mәdeniyet oryndary kóptep boy kótere bastady. 1980 jyly Shymkent qalasynda balalar temirjoly iske qosylyp, dendrobaq, ippodrom salynyp jatty. Oblystarda halyq sany ósti. 1989 jyly Qazaqstanda  16538 myng halyq túrsa, Shymkent oblysynda halyq sany 1831 myng adamdy qúrady. Al, qalalardy alsaq, Kentauda - 64 myn, Týrkistanda - 78, Shymkent qalasynda 393 myng adam túrdy. Sonday-aq, Shymkent oblysynda 14 audan, 8 qala, 3 qalalyq audan, 110 júmysshy poselkesi, 161 selolyq jәne auyldyq Kenester boldy. Qalalar jәne kolhozdar men sovhozdardyng ortalyqtarynda iri qúrylystar, sәuletti ýiler, mәdeniyet oryndaryn salu odan әri jalghasty.

1985 jylghy Kenes Odaghy Kommunistik partiyasynyng Ortalyq Komiytetining Bas hatshysy bolyp M.S.Gorbachevting saylanghanynan keyin qayta qúru bastaldy. Elde búryn bolmaghan jariyalylyq pen demokratiya lebi esti. Biraq Bas hatshynyng biylik basyna keluinen keyin-aq Qazaqstangha qyryn qaraytyny bayqaldy. Key basshylar qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. Al, 1986 jylghy Almaty qalasynda bolghan Jeltoqsan kóterilisinen keyin qazaq kadrlaryna qighash kózqaras búrynghydan da kýsheydi. Arqauy ósekpen órilip, qalqany jaladan qalanghan tapsyryspen týrli maqalalar basylyp, onda aty atalghandar qudalandy. Ontýstiktegi jaghday kýrdelene týsti.

Elimiz tәuelsizdigin aldy. 1991 jyldyng 16 jeltoqsany Tәuelsizdik kýni bolyp jariyalanyp, Qazaq Kenes sosialistik Respublikasy endi jana memleket, Qazaqstan Respublikasy bolyp ataldy. Sóitip, halqymyzdyng eng basty jetistigi - tәuelsizdikke jetti.

Elde sayasat pen ekonomikadaghy týbirli reformalargha, memleket qúrylymdarynda ýlken ózgeristerge jol ashyldy. 1992 jyly jergilikti jerde jana әkimshilik basqarular jýiesi endi. Jeke oblystar men qalalardyng attary qalpyna keltirile bastady. Shymkent oblysy qaytadan Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy bolyp ózgertildi. Kenes Odaghy kezinde ózgertilgen auyl attarynyng tarihy attary qaytaryldy

Tәuelsizdikting arqasynda qoghamymyzda kóp ózgerister boldy. Últtyq tildi, salt-dәstýrlerdi jarasymdy jalghastyrugha, halyqtyng ardaqty úldary men batyrlaryn eske týsiruge, olardyng mereytoylaryn ótkizuge mýmkindik tudy.

2002 jyldyng kýzinde Týrkistan qalasynda dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng ekinshi qúryltayy ótti. Onda Týrkiyadan, Angliyadan, Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynan, Qytay Halyq Respublikasynan kelgen qonaqtar sóz sóiledi. Elimizde qazaqtardyng ýles salmaghy barghan sayyn óse bastady.

Búl jyldary elimizding tarihynda manyzdy oryn alghan tarihy oqighalardy atap ótude ónegeli ister atqaryldy. Qazaq handyghynyng astanasy bolghan Týrkistan qalasynyng 1500 jyldyghy joghary dengeyde atalyp ótkeni talaylargha mәlim.

Tarihy tereng ontýstik ólkesi - nebir qasiyetti, әulie ata-babalarymyzdyng mekeni bolghan jәne olardyng kesene, kýmbezderi - tarihiy-mәdeny eskertkishteri kóbirek saqtalghan aimaq. Olardyng әrqaysysy óz dәuirining tarihynan ózgeshe shejire shertedi.

Kezinde búl ónirde Ispidjab, Yasy, Sauran, Otyrar, Bab ata, Qúmkent, t.b. qanshama qalashyqtar, kóne qalalar bolghan. Oblysymyzda 802, onyng ishinde 582 arheologiyalyq, 42 tarihi, 11 monumenttik eskertkishter bar bolsa, onyng qanshasy býkil elimizge belgili. Bәidibek ata, Domalaq ana, Arystan bab, Baba Týkti Shashty Áziz, Qarabura, Qoshqar ata, Qarashash ana, Ibragim ata kýmbezderining ózi bizge ótken tarihymyz jayly talay jaydy bildiredi. Al, Áziret Súltan she!..

Oblysymyz búl kýni ejelden kele jatqan tarihiy-mәdeny oryndarynyng kóptigimen erekshelenedi. Osy topyraqta tuyp-ósken ataqty Shyghys júldyzdarynyng qatarynda atalyp jýrgen ghalymdardan, ghúlamalardan qalghan kóne soqpaqtyng izin de osy ónirden tabasyz.

Jer kólemine Europanyng birneshe elderi syiyp ketetin oblysymyz teristiginde Qaraghandy, batysynda Qyzylorda, shyghysynda Jambyl oblystarymen, al týstiginde Ózbekstan Respublikasymen shektesedi. Onda 11 audan, 8 qala, 13 kent jәne 932 auyldyq eldi meken bar eken. Oblys aumaghy 171 auyldyq, 13 kenttik okrugterge bólingen. Túrghyndarynyng sany jaghynan bizding oblys elimizde aldynghy orynda túrady. Ontýstik Qazaqstan respublikadaghy bay ónirding birinen sanalady. Jerasty qazynasy mol. Dýniyejýzindegi elderde siyrek kezdesetin baylyqtardy osy ónirden kezdestiresiz. Sonyng ishinde, uran qory jóninen oblys Qazaqstanda birinshi, fosforitter men temir rudasy boyynsha ýshinshi oryn alady. Sonymen birge, búl ónirde qorghasyn, sement, múnay ónimderi, kýkirt qyshqyly, shiyfer, avtotraktor shinalary, ekskavatorlar, transformatorlar, tigin búiymdary, kóptegen jihaz týrleri shygharylady.

Auyl sharuashylyghyna kelsek, múnda ónimning kóptegen týrleri óndiriledi. Oblys maqta, teri shiykizattary, ósimdik mayy, jemis-jiydek, kókónis ónimderin, jýzim, bau-baqsha, makaron, temeki, syra jәne alkogolisiz susyndardy ózge ónirlerge jetkizip túrady. Mәdeniyet salasynda jetken jetistikterimiz qanshama.

Biyl Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy qúryluynyng 80 jyldyghyn atap ótu qarsanynda biz ótken tarihymyzdy taghy bir zerdelep, jetken jetistikterimizdi dәriptep, tәuelsizdigimizdi tu etip, maqtana aitamyz.

Sәbiyt  JOLDASOV,

tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory.