nemese Oral qazaqtary

Kenes Odaghy taraghan jyldardan bastap (qyzyl imperiya túsynda rúqsat etilmeytin taqyryptar), orystyng biraz ghalymdary, qazirgi uaqytta Reseyde túryp jatqan qazaqtardyng tarihyn, dәstýrin sonymen qatar, olardyng ústanymy men senimderin jәne túryp jatqan aimaqtarynyng ataularyn túraqty týrde zerttep, jinaqtap, búlttartpas shynayy dәleldermen naqtylap, ony sol eldin  baspasózinde ara-túra bolsa da, jaryqqa shygharyp keledi. Sonyng biri jәne biregeyi Chelyabinsk qalasynda túratyn Yuriy Boshnyakov. Biz, endi osy kisining jazghandaryn oqyrman talqysyna úsyndyq.

«Ontýstik Oral dalasy ejelden Europagha ótuding eng ynghayly orny – «Kaspiy dәlizine» qaqpa retinde qyzmet etken. Ontýstiginde susyz shóleyt, soltýstiginde tabyny bar kóshpeliler ýshin adam ótpes Tayga boldy. Múnda kimder ghana kóshpedi deysiz. Soltýstikte irandyqtar-sarmattar, alandar jәne basqalar. Sodan keyin ghúndardan bastap týrkilerge deyin... X-XI ghasyrlarda Ontýstik Oral dalasy Qypshaq konfederasiyasynyng qúramyna kirdi, úlystar ydyraghannan keyin ony Kishi jýzding bashqúrttary men manghyt taypalary birge bólisti. Shamamen XVII ghasyrgha qaray quatty Qazaq handyghy bashqúrt shekarasyna taqady.

Osylaysha qazaqtar XVII ghasyrgha qaray bashqúrt shekarasynda boldy. Búl halyqtardyng qarym-qatynasy әr týrli boldy».

Osylardy oqy otyryp, avtordyng jazbalarynan taghy mynanday joldardy kezdestiresin: «Batysta bashqúrttar men qazaq rularynyng arasyndaghy shekara Oral ózeni arqyly ótti. Sol jaghalauda qazaqtardyng jazghy jayylymdary ornalasty. Olar Magnitogorsk audanynda Verhneuralisk, Agap, Kizil audandarynda, Varna, Troisk, Giymen audandarynda boldy. «Qyz Jibek» liro-epostyq poemasynyng bas keyipkeri – Tólegen Oraldyng boyymen (qazaqtar Jayyq nemese Aq Jayyq dep ataydy) Magnitogorsk audanynda kóship jýrgen, bizding oblystarymyzdyng qazaqtarynda óte qyzyqty núsqasy bar».

«Qazaqtardyng úsynystary boyynsha olardyng kóshuining soltýstik shekarasy olardy bashqúrttardan bólip túrghan Mian ózeni boyynsha ótken. Anyz-әngimelerding birinde: «Kishi jýz rularynyng biri Súltan Taghanbaydyng tórt úly bolghan – Ishimbay, Sarybay, Maghynt jәne Selimbay. Ýlken úly – Ishimbay bashqúrtqa ýilenip, әkesin ashulandyrady. Taghanbay ony óz shekarasynan shygharyp, Ishimbay ólip, halyq onyng qanyn mәngi ishui kerek degen qarghys aitady. Sondyqtan ol ketedi. Ishimbay tauly Bashqúrtstanda ang aulap jýrip, tasqa janshylyp, qaza tabady, al mәiitting janynda jerge qúlaghan tastyng astynan «Ishimbaydyng qany» atanghan múnay fontany qúiylady. Bashqúrtstanda múnayshylar qalasy – Ishimbay bar.

Taghanbaydyng ekinshi úly - Sarybay óz auyldarymen Tobyl ózenining manyna kóship keledi. Onyng qystaytyn jeri Sarybay dep atalady. Búl Qazaqstannyng Qostanay oblysyndaghy әigili Sokolov-Sarybay ken ornynyng audany.

Taghanbaydyng ýshinshi úly - Maghynt óz auyldarymen Oral ózeni boyymen kóship kelgen. Ol bashqúrttar men qazaqtar Maghyntau taulary dep atay bastaghan tau aimaghynda birneshe ret toqtady. Keyinnen osynda Magnitnaya qazaq auyly payda boldy. Búl jer temir rudasyna bay boldy, al orys qyzmet etushileri Magint atauyn magnitke ainaldyrdy, sodan keyin onyng negizinde metallurgter qalasy – Magnitogorsk boy kóterdi.

Taghanbaydyng tórtinshi úly – Selimbay eng kórnekti boldy. Ol óz auyldarymen birge qiyr soltýstikte, Mias ózeninde, bashqúrt kóshpendilerining qasynda jýrdi. Ol barymtany, ózara reydterdi toqtata aldy. Bashqúrt rularymen beybitshilik ornatty. Kóptegen qazaqtar men bashqúrttar onyng qaramaghynda boldy. Birlesken nekeler payda boldy. Qazaqtar da, bashqúrttar da ony qúrmettep, jaqsy kórdi. Qazaqtar Selimbaydy by dep jariyalap, ony jana qúrmetti esimmen Selәby dep atady. Tipti otarlau dәuirinde orystardyng da úly adamdy eske alu ýshin atalghan Selәby angharynyng atauyn ózgertuge batyly jetpedi. Olardyng bekinisi Selyaba dep ataldy, búl atau keyinnen Chelyabige ainaldy. Mýmkin, bizding qalamyzdyng aumaghynda ejelgi uaqytta eng soltýstik qazaq kóshpelileri bolghan shyghar.

Sonymen, qazirgi Bashkortstandaghy Ishimbay qalasy, qazaqsha aitqanda Esilbay nemese, Esimbay boluy mýmkin (Esil ózenin orys tilinde Ishim dep atataydy emes pe).  Sonymen qatar, Maghyntau - Magnitogorsk qalasynyng týpki atauy. Yaghny aitqanda, -  Manghyt ya bolmasa Maghynt, keyinnen orys tilinde Magniyt, artynan Magnitorosk dep atalghan boldy ghoy. Reseyding osy kýngi Chelyabinsk qalasynyng atauynyng  da qalay shyqqanyn endi týsindik. Kishi jýz tóresi – Silәmbay (Selimbay), artynan qalyng júrtshylyq Silәm by dep ataghan azamattyng esimi, osy aragha  әskery qorghan retinde salynghan qalashyqtyng atyna ainalyp Selyabi, keyinnen Chelyabi dep atalghanyn bildik. Orys ghalymynyng shyndyqqa jaqyn keletin tarihy shygharmasyn oqy kele, Chelyabinsk oblysynyng aumaghyn óz zamanynda qazaq taypalary jәne rularynyng kóneden mekendegenin angharamyz.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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