Jana Qazaqstan: Kósh kólikti boluy kerek
Qazaqstan Tәuelsizdigining elen-alanynda bastalghan alys-jaqyn shet elderdegi etnikalyq qazaqtardyng tarihy Otany – Qazaqstangha kóshi qazirge deyin jalghasyp keledi. Áriyne, songhy jyldarda pandemiyagha baylanysty qauyrt kóshting qatary seyilgeni ras. Alayda ýshinshi eldi ainalyp kelip jatqandar bar. Búnyng ózi kóshting toqtamaytynyn kórsetedi.
HHI ghasyr bastalysymen ózining kýrdeli bolatynyn bayqatty. Soghan negizdelip men «Jana ghasyr jәne Qazaqstandaghy oralmandar mәselesi» («Qazaq eli» gazeti, 2003 j., № 16) degen taqyrypta maqala jazyp, ýstegi ghasyrda boluy yqtimal ahualdargha boljam jasaghan edim. Qazir bayqasaq, sol boljamdar qate bolmaghan siyaqty, әlemdik ahual tipti de kýrdedilese de týsti. Ol maqalamda «jana ghasyrda halyqaralyq terrorizm, ekstremizm jәne jahandanu aghymy aiqyndyla týsti. Oghan Birikken últtar úiymy (BÚÚ) bedelining tómendeui men Halyqaralyq zandardy ayaqqa basu qúbylysy qosyldy. ... múnyng ýlgisin alyp derjava AQSh-tyng ózi kórsetti. Endigi jerde ony nomeri ekinshi, ýshinshi alyp derjavalar qaytalamauyna eshkim de kepildik bere almaydy. Mine, osy túrghydan alyp qaraghanda, belgili bir memleketting shapqynshylyqqa úshyramauyna BÚÚ ara týsedi, ózara qol qoyghan kepildik kelisimder oghan qalqan bolady deu – tym aqkónildik bolatyn siyaqty. Tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng últtyq qauipsizdigin qorghaytyn, әleumettik damuyn ilgerletetin kýsh – Qazaqstan halqy, әsirese, negizgi últ bolyp otyrghan qazaq halqy ekenin jete týinuimiz kerek» dep jazyppyn. Qazirgi tandaghy sol boljamdar Ukrainada bolyp jatyr. Kezinde Ukrainagha yadrolyq qarudy ústap otyrghan derjavalardyng bәri (ishinde Reseyding ózi de) antsu iship, seni syrtqy agressiyadan qorghaymyz dep kepildik kelisimge qol qoyghan bolatyn. Qazirshy? Demek, sol teoriyalyq boljam praktikada dәleldenip otyr. Ol boljam tek Ukrainagha ghana tәn emes, jalpylyq sipat alatyn aqiqat. Kez kelgen teoriyanyng dúrystyghy qoghamdyq praktikada dәleldengende ghana ol ghylym bolyp sanalady.
Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaev 2022 jyly 16 nauyryzda jariyalaghan «Jana Qazaqstan: janghyru men janghyru joly» atty Joldauy – Qazaqstannyng janyru kezenine qadam basqanynyng mәlimdemesi. Al janghyrudyng maqsaty jóninde «bizding múratymyz – Jana Qazaqstandy qúru. Jana Qazaqstan degenimiz – egemen elimizding bolashaqtaghy beynesi» deydi Preziydent. Sonday-aq ol Jana Qazaqstannyng beynesin qalyptastyruda bizding ústanar «eng basty qúndylyghymyz – Tәuelsizdigimizdi saqtap, últtyq biregeyligimizding negizin nyghaytyp, elimizdi janghyrtu jolynda úiystyru» dep atap kórsetti. Elimizde últtyq biregeylenu ýderisi tәuelsizdik tany atysymen, tórtkil dýniyeden etnikalyq qazaqtardyng tarihy Otany - Qazaqstangha kóship keluimen jalghasqan-dy. Soghan baylanysty Qazaqstanda syrtqy jәne ishki kóshi-qon sayasaty men zany qalyptasqan jәne útymdy júmys jasap keledi. Ásirese shet elderdegi etnikalyq qazaqtardyng elge oralu kóshi-qony óte nәtiyjeli boldy deuge negiz bar. Sondyqtan El Preziydenti Qasym-Jomart Toqaev ózining alghashqy Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauynda: «Sheteldegi qandastarymyzdy elge qaytaru isi eshqashan nazardan tys qalghan emes, qalmaydy da. Dýniyejýzindegi qandastarymyzdyng basyn tughan jerde biriktiru – bizding qasiyetti parazymyz» dep atap kórsetken bolatyn. Songhy Joldauyndaghy últtyq biregeylenudy nyghaytyudy dәripteui sol ústanymnyng naqtylanuy dep týsinemin.
Memleket basshysy qazirgi halyqaralyq jaghdaydy «býginde jer jýzinde geosayasattyng dýley dauyly soghyp túr» dep sipatady. Aytsa aitqanday, әlemde teris dauyl gulep túr, kertartpalyq órship túr. BÚÚ-nyng hartiyasy men zandary, halyqaralyq, memleketaralyq kelisimsharttar saqtalmaytyn, atqarylmaytyn bolyp barady. Búl jaghday elimizding tәuelsizdigi men territoriyalyq tútastyghyna syn-qater әkeledi dep sanaymyz. Sondyqtan endigi jerde býkil el bolyp júmylyp, býkil últ birigip Qazaqstannyng qauipsizdigin nyghaytyp, әleumettik ekonomikalyq, ghylymiy-tehnikalyq әleuetin arttyruymyz kerek. Ol ýshin Qazaqstannyng demografiyasy ósip, azamattar sapasy biyiktey týsui qajet. Qazaqstangha qúiylatyn demografiyalyq resurs qaynary shet elderdegi etnikalyq qazaqtar.
Qazirgi tanda shet elderdegi etnikalyq qazaqtardyng assimilyasiyalanuy tezdep barady. Ásirese Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng últtyq bolmysy qoldan joyylyp barady. Sondyqtan olar ózining últtyq bolmysyn saqtau ýshin jәne ósip-ónui ýshin tek tarihy Otany – Qazaqstangha kóship keluge tiyis. Endeshe Qazaqstan Ýkimeti qazaq halqynyng tarihy men bolashaghyna jauapkerlikpen qaray otyryp, elimizding qauipsizdigi men әleumettik damuyn eskere otyryp, dýniyejýzindegi qazaqtardy elge oraltu isin Qazaqstannyng jana dәuirinde joghary dengeyge kóteruge tiyisti dep sanaymyz.
Elimizde ishki jәne syrtqy kósh-qondy ornrnalastyru prinsiypi anyqtalghan. Kóshting basym baghyty - Soltýstiktegi bes oblysqa oiysqan. Búl strategiyalyq jәne әleumettik damu túrghydan óte dúrys qabyldanghan sayasat. Desede ony jana jaghdaygha baylanysty әli de jetildire týsu kerek dep sanaymyz. Osyghan baylanysty Ýkimetke mynaday úsynys aitudy jón kórip otyrmyn:
1) Shet elden kóship kelgen qandastardy Soltýstik oblystargha toptap qonystandyrylsa. Az degende 30-dan astam otbasyn bir auyl-selogha ornalastyryp, olargha túrghyn ýi, mal baghatyn jayylym jәne egistik jer mәselesin derkezinde sheship berse. Sonda ghana olardyng әleumettik ekonomikalyq jaghdayy tez jaqsaryp, barghan jerlerinde túraqtap túryp, órken jayyp keter edi.
2) Qoldanystaghy «Jer kodeksine» ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizilse. Óitkeni Soltýstik oblystarda auyl bos qalghanymen bos jatqan jayylym jer de, egstik jer de joq. Búrynghy auyldyng jerlerin qazir qalada túraghan dókeyler qalaghandarynsha menshigine alyp qoyghan. Sondyqtan «Jer kodeksin» tolyqtyryp, jeke adamdardyng jayylym jәne egistik jer iyelenuining maksimaldy shegin anyqtap, artyq jerlerdi memleketke qaytaryp alyp, jana kóship kelgender men jerinen aiyrylyp qalghan búrynghy malshylar men dihandardyng jan sany men enbek ýshine negizdelip bólip berilse. Sonda ghana auyl-qystaq jandana týsedi.
3) Elimizdegi anarhiyalyq urbanizasiyanyng saldarynan auyl-qystaq túrghyndary qatty azaydy da, qala kedeyleri óte kóbeydi. Soghan baylanysty әleumettik problemalar tuyndap, qoghamdyq qarama-qayshylyqtar shiylenisti. Sonyng saldary «Qantar oqighasynda» kóringen joq pa?! Áriyne, «Qantar qasyretinin» sebebi bir ol ghana emes, ol kýrdeli faktorlardyng jiyntyq jarghysy. Degenmen ony qalada nemese qala manynda túratyn kembaghaldardyng narazylyghanan bóle qaraugha da bolmaydy. Kezinde bizding Ýkimet auyl túrghyndarynyng әleumettik damuyna aitarlyqtay jaghday jasamady da, olar shúbyryp qalagha kelgende olardy baspanamen, júmyspen qamtimyn dep jobadan jobany jasay berdi, qalany keneytip qúrlysty sala berdi (mýmkin búl keybir toptargha paylady shyghar), biraq mәsele sheshilmedi, kerisinshe kóbeye týsti. Auyl-qystaq qúlazydy, qalada problemalar kóbeydi. Qazaqstannyng basymdylyghynyng biri agrarlyq sektor. Qazir astyq mәselesi әlemde aldynghy qatargha shyghyp otyr. Sondyqtan Ýkimet qala men qystaqty sәikesti damytudyng keshendi jobasyn jasap, jýieli týrde iske asyrsa degimiz keledi.
4) Joghary oqu oryndaryna týsetin qandas talapkerlerge kvota sanyn kóbeytip, Soltýstik oblystardaghy orta kәsiptik tehnikomdar men joghary oqu oryndaryna kóbirek qabyldasa. Sonday-aq olar oqu bitirgen song sol oblystarda júmysqa ornalasuyna mýmkindik jasalsa, obylys pen audandardaghy maman kadrlargha súranys sheshiler edi.
5) Shekara audandargha erekshe jenildik status berilse. Qazir elimizding Shyghys jәne Soltýstik shekara audandarynyng túrghyndary kóptep qalagha kóship ketkendikten olardyng júrty qanghyrap bos qaldy. Búl jaghday últtyq qauipsizdigimizge jәne әleumettik ekonoomikalyq damugha óte tiyimsiz bolyp túr. Búl jaghdaydy týbegeyli ózgertu kerek. Ol ýshin shekara audandargha erekshe jenildik beretin sayasat qoldanu qajet.
Atalmysh «erekshe sayasaty»: Memleket shekara audandary túrghyndaryna arnauy subsidiya taghayyndau; shekara audan, auyldarda qyzmet isteytin memleket qyzymetkerlerine, oqytushy, dәrigerlerge beriletin enbekaqyny basqa audandardan az degende eki ese kóbeytu; shekara audandarynda mektep bitirgen talapkerlerdi arnayy kvotamen orta jәne joghary oqu oryndaryna qabyldau; shekara audandardyng túrghyndaryna jana modelide zamanuy kórikti túrghyn ýy salyp berip, ýy qúrlys aqysyn on jylda qaytaratyn rejim ornatu; shekara audandarynyng búrynghy túrghyndaryn óz auyldaryna nәsihattap qaytaru jәne qandastardy ornalastyru. Osynday sayasat qoldanghanda ghana shekara audandardyng irgesi bekemdeledi, әleumettik ekonomikasy damy týsedi. Búl sayasatty últtyq qauipsizdik strategiyasy dengeyinde jýzege asyryluy qajet.
Múnday sayasatty QHR Tiybet jәne Shynjang siyaqty shetkeri audandarynda qoldanyp keledi. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde olar shekara audandardy túrghyndarmen toltyryp, qauipsizdigin nyghaytyp, ekonomikasyn damytyp otyrghanyn kózimiz kórip otyr. Bayqasanyz, shekaranyng arghy jaghy adamgha toly, bergi jaghy qanghyrap jútap jatyr. «Bos jatqan jer jau shaqyrady» degen sóz bar. Sondyqtan búl jaghdaydy týbegeyli ózgertip, shekara audandarymyzdyng әleuetin kóteru ýshin erekshe sayasat qabyldau kerek dep sanaymyz.
Nәbijan Múqamethanúly,
tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyng professory
Abai.kz