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«Adamnyng naghyz ómiri, onyng boyynda aqyl-parasattyng sanasy oyana bastaghanda ghana bastalady» deydi úly Tolstoy. Al qoghamnyng aspanyn zúlymdyqtyng qara búlty torlap, adamshylyqtyng ne ekeni úmytylyp, elim dep eniregen azamattardyng qúiryghyna shala baylanyp, auzyna temir sulyq salynyp, jauyzdyq saltanat qúrghan zamanda, adamnyng boyyndaghy Allanyng núrynday jarqyraghan aqyl-parasat sәulesining sónbeui mýmkin be? Qansha kýshti degenimizben, Qúday jaratqan pendening әlemdegi eng nәzik qúraqtan da әlsiz ekenin danyshpan Paskali bayaghyda dәleldegen joq pa edi. Endeshe sol Allanyng әlsiz pendesine, taghdyrdyng alapat dauyly soghyp, dýniyening astan-kestenin shygharyp, eski dәuir men jana dәuir bettesip, bir-birine ótkel bergisi kelmegen ómirding óliarasynda,  boyyndaghy adamdyq qasiyetin qalay joghaltyp almauyna bolady?  Qalay?

Tólen Ábdikúlynyng shygharmashylyq kemeldigining eng biyik shyny bolyp tabylatyn «Óliara» romanyn oqyghanynda, osynday bir mazasyz saualdar janynnyng tynyshtyghyn búzyp, bayyz tapqyzbay qoyady.

***

«Adamnyng naghyz ómiri, onyng boyynda aqyl-parasattyng sanasy oyana bastaghanda ghana bastalady» deydi úly Tolstoy. Al qoghamnyng aspanyn zúlymdyqtyng qara búlty torlap, adamshylyqtyng ne ekeni úmytylyp, elim dep eniregen azamattardyng qúiryghyna shala baylanyp, auzyna temir sulyq salynyp, jauyzdyq saltanat qúrghan zamanda, adamnyng boyyndaghy Allanyng núrynday jarqyraghan aqyl-parasat sәulesining sónbeui mýmkin be? Qansha kýshti degenimizben, Qúday jaratqan pendening әlemdegi eng nәzik qúraqtan da әlsiz ekenin danyshpan Paskali bayaghyda dәleldegen joq pa edi. Endeshe sol Allanyng әlsiz pendesine, taghdyrdyng alapat dauyly soghyp, dýniyening astan-kestenin shygharyp, eski dәuir men jana dәuir bettesip, bir-birine ótkel bergisi kelmegen ómirding óliarasynda,  boyyndaghy adamdyq qasiyetin qalay joghaltyp almauyna bolady?  Qalay?

Tólen Ábdikúlynyng shygharmashylyq kemeldigining eng biyik shyny bolyp tabylatyn «Óliara» romanyn oqyghanynda, osynday bir mazasyz saualdar janynnyng tynyshtyghyn búzyp, bayyz tapqyzbay qoyady.

Shygharmanyng «bissimillәsynda» biz әueli, eshkimge soqtyghyspay, baraqat tirshilik keship jatqan  qazaqtyng ómirin kóremiz. Mine, jany jomart, adamdyq múratty temirqazyq etip ústaghan jәne sol joldan ómirding múz-aydynynda tayghanap ketpegen Asqar oqudan kelgen bauyry Bәitendi tay soyyp, dýrkiretip toy jasap, qarsy alyp jatyr. Mәre-sәre bolghan aghayyn men ata-baba dәstýrimen tirshilik etken halyqtyng quanyshynda shek joq.

Bir kezde ómirge jazmysh aralasty. Parasat kýnin zúlymdyqtyng túmany túmshalap tastady. Batyrlyq pen әdilettilikting tuyn biyik kótergen qazaqtyng dәureni ayaqtalyp, bazary tarqady. Adamnyng boyyndaghy sýiispenshilik, imandylyq, bauyrmaldyq, parasattylyq sekildi eng asyl qasiyetteri kýresinge laqtyrylyp, pende balasynyng taghdyryn janqa qúrly da kórmey úshyryp әketken, zúlym zamannyng doly dauyly yshqynyp soqty. Aghayynnyng bauyrmaldyq sezimi joyylyp, naghashyly-jiyendi bolyp әzildesken qaljyng endi eregeske, adamnyng boyyndaghy bir-birine degen sýiispenshik sezimi birte-birte jauyzdyqqa úlasty. Ataqtynyng ayaghynan tartyp, bilimdini kóre almaytyn, adam bolyp ómir sýruding barlyq mýmkindigi sarqylghan, erlik esersoqtyqqa, әdilettilik qiyanatqa ornyn bosatyp bergen, imany qúndylyqtardyng qúny joyylghan, almaghayyp zaman ornady, qazaq dalasyna.

Qolyndaghy biylikting kýshin paydalanyp, kýni keshe ghana bir qúdyqtan su iship, bir dastarhannan dәm tatqan zamandasynnyng qolyna kisen salyp  itjekkenge aidatyp jiberetin zúlymdyq ta úly erlik bola bastady, myna dýniyede. Bireuding sýigen qyzyn zúlymdyqpen tartyp alu da naghyz batyrlyq sanala bastady, myna jalghanda.

Adamnyng aqyl-parasaty jauyzdyqtyng týrmesine qamalghan óliarada zúlymdyq pen izgilikting shekarasy joyylyp ketti. Adamdyq qúndylyqtardyng bәri shatasyp ketken zamanda zúlymdyq pen izgilikting ne ekenin kim ajyratyp bere alady? Kim? Onyng belgisi pen sipaty qanday?

Romannyng daralyq sipatyn anyqtau ýshin, ondaghy suretteletin keyipkerlerge jeke-jeke toqtalyp, olardyng minez-qúlqyn taldaudyng qajeti shamaly. Múnday tәsil adasushylyqqa úryndyryp, avtordyng aitpaq iydeyasy men oiynyng terendigin týsinuge kóp kedergisin keltiredi.  Jәne parasat maydanyndaghy shayqasta jeniliske úshyrap, adamdyq joldan adasqan keyipkerler romanda óte kóp bolghandyqtan, onday taldaudy jasau mýmkin de emes. Sondyqtan da biz búl maqalamyzda jazushy Tólen Ábdikúlynyng aitqysy kelgen iydeyasyna ghana toqtalyp, shamamyz jetkenshe shygharmanyng ruhyna boylap, suretkerding әlemdi tanyp, tirshilikting ishine enip ketken dýniyetanymyn kórsetuge tәuekel ettik. Óitkeni osy uaqytqa deyin ony jasaugha talpynys jasaghan eshkim bolghan joq. Bir maqalynyng ishinde biz romandaghy barlyq keyipkerlerding daralyq sipatyn әigilep beremiz dep aita almaymyz. Jazushynyng shygharmasyndaghy bir-birine úqsamaytyn jýzdegen adamdardyng obrazy turaly sezimindi qalay jetkizesin. Biz óz maqalamyzda romannyn  negizgi iydeyasyn týsindirip berip, qolymyzdan kelgenshe jazushynyng ómirdi tanudaghy júmbaghyn ashugha tyrystyq.

Suretker Ábdikúlynyng dýniyeni tanudaghy eshkimge úqsamaytyn óz júmbaghy bar. «Óliara» romanynda jazushynyng ómirdi tanudaghy sol júmbaghyn, asqan sheberlikpen somdalghan Asqardyng bolmysynan tanyghanday bolasyn. Taghdyrdyn  nayzaghayy týsip, pendelerding jany otqa oranghan dәuirding óliarasynda da zúlym zamannyng noqtasyn moynyna salghyzbay, adamdyq qasiyetti talaq qylmay arpalysyp ótuge bolatyny Asqardyng beynesi arqyly asqan sheberlikpen ashylghan.

Shygharmanyng basty keyipkerlerining biri Asqar ómirding ruhany biyigine kóterilgen azamat. Múnday adamdargha barlyq uaqytta da qiyn. Óitkeni myna dýniyede sanauly adamdar ghana ómirding ruhany biyigine kóterilip, qalyng tobyr, onyng eteginde qalyp qoyady. Uaqyt tobyrgha qyzmet etedi. Qoghamnyng zandylyghy da tobyrdyng súranysyn qanaghattandyru ýshin saltanat qúrady. Sondyqtan da ruhy kemeldengen adamdar men qúmyrsqanyng iyleuindey qújynaghan mәdeniyetsiz tobyr, qanday zamanda ómir sýrse de, esh uaqytta da birin-biri týsine almay ótedi.

Biraq qara tobyrdyng ortasynda jýrip te, adamdyq qasiyetindi joghaltpay, jarqyrap ómir sýruge bolady.  Asqar - uaqyttyng dauyly sóndire almaghan, qaranghy týnekte de kýn siyaqty jarqyraghan -  ómirding sәulesi. Onyng jan kýizelisin kórgende, tobyrdyng nadandyghyna nazalanyp, bas keyipkerding ruhany terendigin tany týsemiz.  Ol ólgen kýni jalp etip, adamnyng janyna shuaghyn shashyp túrghan, ruhany ómirding sәulesi de onymen birge sónedi. Sol sәule sóne jazdap, jaryghy әlsiregen shaqta, kartinanyng qaq ortasynan, sovettik dәuirde ómir sýre otyryp, onyng últymyzdy qan qaqsatqan zúlymdyghyna nazalanghan jazushynyn, týrli keyipkerler arqyly jetkizgen jan aiqayy, qayta-qayta estiledi:

-         Mynghyrghan maldan  bir ýzim nangha qaraghan kýnge týsu soraqylyq emey ne? Qazaqtyng kedeyi de múnday qayyrshylyqty bastan keshken joq. Álde senderding maqsattaryng baylyq emes, qayyrshylyq pa?...

-         Sen bar bolghany qolshoqparysyn. Al, qojayyndar - basqalar, Tarihty jasaytyndar da solar. Jәne olar ózderine kerek tarihty ghana jasaydy..

-         Men ýshin el sening shyndyghynnan da qymbat. Shyndyq ýshin jeke adamdardy qúrban et, biraq eldi qúrban etuge bolmaydy...

-         Ospan qoja eldi aldasa, oghan da din kinәli emes, dinning sharighatyn saqtay almay otyrghan Ospan qoja kinәli. Ekeuin shatastyrugha bolmaydy. Sharighattyng ýkimetke qarsy jerin kórgem joq. Ótirik aitpau, úrlyq qylmau, adal enbekpen kýn kóru, kisige qiyanat jasamau, baylyqqa qúnyqpau, kedeyge qayyr, gharipke kómek - osynyng bәri sharighatta bar nәrse. Al múnyng qay jeri búrys?...

Zamannyng zúlymdyghy shekten shyghyp, sharyqtau shegine jetkende, jazushy tipti, halyqty qan qaqsatqan sovettik dәuirge bar qaharyn tógip, ony qarghay bastaydy. «Zorlyqshyl memleketterding birin-biri basyp alghysy keletini sekildi, adamdar da birin-biri basyp alyp, biylikterin jýrgizgisi keledi ghoy. Biraq búl kýreste әmәnda kýshi basym jene bermeydi, keyde kýshtini әlsizder de jenip kete beredi. Ol jolda әlsizding eng ýlken qaruy - jaghympazdyq».

Sovettik dәuirding últymyzgha tartqyzghan tauqymeti meylinshe shynayy jyrlanghan «Óliara» romany jiyrmasynshy ghasyrdyng auqymdy epopeyasy ghana emes, barlyq uaqytta da qúndylyghyn joymaytyn, baylyghy eshqashan da sarqylmaytyn әdebiyetimizding altyn qazynasy bolyp qala beredi. Romanda daralyq sipaty bir-birine úqsamay kestelengen obrazdardyng tútas әlemi bar. Al, alasúrghan ómir tenizining ýstinde sendey soghylysyp, jantalasqan adamdardyng taghdyry turaly sezimindi jetkizu tipti de mýmkin emes.  Bәiten men Hadishany bir-birine  yntyzar etken, aqsýiek oinaghan kesh qanday tamasha! Al sol keshten keyin ómiri ajyramastay bolghan Hadishanyng Bәitenge jasaghan opasyzdyghyna kýiingen ashu-yzandy sózben qalay jetkize alasyn.  Ómirden tirek izdegen qanshama adam zúlym dәuirding boranynda adasyp jýr. Jyndy Hamzanyng tragediyalyq beynesi  qalay әdemi somdalghan. Romannyng sonynda ómirden týnilgen Asqar ózine-ózi qol salyp ólmek bolghanda, ony ajaldan qútqarghan sol jyndy Hamzanyng aqyldy adamdardyng bәrinen de asqan kemengerligine qalay qayran qalmaysyn.  Qoghamnyng saytanyna ainalghan Núrbekting obrazyn taldaytyn bolsaq, әngimemiz tipti úzaqqa sozylyp ketui mýmkin. Biraq olardyng bәrin jipke tize beruding qajeti joq.

«Óliara» romanynyng sol jyldary jazylghan basqa tuyndylardyng barlyghynan biyiktetip túrghan daralyq sipaty tek sonda ghana emes. Oqyrmannyng mýlgip ketken oiyn týrtip, romandy ómirsheng etip túrghan qúdiretting eng ghajayyp syry mýlde basqada.

Shygharmagha jan bitirip, onyng shyrayyn keltirip túrghan eng ýlken qúdiret - zamannyng zúlymdyghyn әshkereleuden qaymyqpaghan, Tólenning aqyndyq jýregi. Romannyng әr betin paraqtaghan sayyn, zúlymdyqpan aiqasqan sol aqyndyq jýrekting dirilin airyqsha sezine týskendey bolasyn.

Ghajayyp epopeyany tughyzghan Tólen talantynyng daralyghy  ómir topyraghynyng astynda kómilip qalghan aqiqatty qazyp alyp, tarihy dәuirding zúlym shyndyghyn bizding sanamyzda qayta tirilte bilgen sheberliginde jatyr.

Romannyng sonynda «birinshi kitaptyng sony» degen týsinikteme berilgenimen, bizding oiymyzsha Tólen Ábdikúlynyng búl shygharmasy ayaqtalyp, songhy nýktesi qoyylghan tuyndy. Inisi oqudan kelgende tay soyyp, toy jasaghan Asqardy, shygharmanyng sonynda sol tughan bauyry Bәitenning aldyna salyp aidap әketip bara jatqanynan keyin, dәuirding zúlymdyghyn kórsetetin basqa bir detali izdeuding qajeti shamaly shyghar.

Taqyryptyng týiini

Jazushy Tólen Ábdikúly adamnyng ruhyn kemeldendire týsetin parasat maydanynda tolayym tabysqa jetken suretker. Oqyrmandardyng zor sýiispenshiligine bólengen múnday jeniske ol, boyyndaghy talanty, jazu sheberligi men ónerdegi izdenisining arqasynda ghana jetken joq. Aylasy sheksiz, amaly sholaq ghasyrda ómir sýrgen suretkerdi ónerding asqar biyigine kótergen eki qanaty boldy - adal mahabbat pen adamdyq parasat.

Ónerdi sýigen mahabbatyna adal bolghandyqtan,  «Óliara» romanyndaghy Asqarday barlyq uaqytta da ol adam bolyp qaludyng jolyn izdep, danghoyqúmarlyqtan, jaghympazdyqtan, ekijýzdilikten, ótirik pen ósekten boyyn aulaq ústady. Shygharmashylyq ómirining qos qanaty - adal mahabbat pen adamdyq parasat ony ylghy ónerding aspanyndaghy sheksizdikke qaray úmtyldyrdy.

Ónerge úly maqsat quyp kelgenimen, armandaghan biyigine jete almay qanaty qyrqylyp qalatyn qanshama talanttar bar. Jәne olardyng barlyghy shygharmashylyq quatynyng azdyghynan ghana sol biyikke kóterile almay qalghan joq.  Ónerdi sýigen mahabbaty men adamdyq parasatyn joghaltyp alghandyqtan olardyng qanaty synyp, shygharmashylyghy óldi. Jýrekteri taza kezinde biraz biyikke samghaghanymen,  uaqytqa qyzmet ete jýrip olar, parasat kýnin túmshalap tastaghan búlttardyng arasynda adasyp ketti.

Jazushy shygharmadaghy tereng oidy izdenis pen kitaptan ghana emes, eng aldymen ruhynyng tazalyghy men janynyng terendiginen tabady. Kóp oqyp, kóz izdengenimen, ómirdegi alayaq, ekijýzdi, danghoyqúmar, maqtanshaq, pysyq, jaghympaz bolyp tughan  adamdardyng nege kemel dýniyeler tughyza almaytynynyng sebebin oilanyp kórdiniz be? Óitkeni Allanyng altyn sarayynday jarqyraghan úly Ruhtardyng qaqpasy, shygharmashylyghy bylghanbaghan, adal mahabbaty men adamdyq parasatyn joghaltpaghan adamdar ýshin ghana ashylady.

Ádebiyet - adamtanudy ghana emes, adam bolyp qaludy ýiretetin úly óner. Mine, sondyqtan da shyn talant әdebiyetke, adamdyq bastaudyng qaynaryn laylaytyn qoghamnyng zúlymdyghynan ómirdi tazartu ýshin keledi. Jýregi ottay janyp, ómirding zúlymdyghymen kýrese almaghan jazushy esh uaqytta da adam janynyng suretkeri bola almaydy.

Ónerge berilgen adaldyghy men adamdyq parasatynyng arqasynda Tólen Ábdikúly adam janynyng suretkeri bola bildi. Onyng qalamynan tughan shygharmalarynda zúlymdyqqa qarsy parasat maydanyn ashqan ottyng jalyny laulaydy. Sol jalynnan quat alghan bizding ruhymyz da onyng jazghan әr shygharmasymen birge kemeldenip, adamdyq joldan tayghanap ketpey, parasat maydanynda jazushymen birge jeniske jetip keledi.

Sony

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