Senbi, 23 Qarasha 2024
Janalyqtar 3373 0 pikir 13 Qarasha, 2012 saghat 08:34

Mәmbet Qoygeldiyev. ÚQK-degi jabyq múraghattar ainalymgha tartylmay, qazaqtyng tarihyna baylanysty tarihy shyndyq ashylmaydy

Professor Mәmbet Qoygeldiyev:

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Mәriyam ÁBSATTAR. Asharshylyq mәselesine toqmeyilsip qaraugha bolmaydy

Professor Mәmbet Qoygeldiyev:

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Mәriyam ÁBSATTAR. Asharshylyq mәselesine toqmeyilsip qaraugha bolmaydy

«Asyra silteu bolmasyn, asha túyaq qalmasyn» degen úranmen qazaq dalasynda qoldan jasalghan asharshylyqtyng ashy shyndyghy әli kýnge ashylmay otyr. Múnday pikirdi biz emes, osy zúlmat jayly zerttegen kәsiby tarihshylardyng ózi aituda. Tayauda Astanada asharshylyq turaly konferensiya bolyp ótse, Almatyda da ol óz jalghasyn tapty. «1930-32 jylghy asharshylyq jәne últtyq elita» taqyrybynda órbigen dóngelek ýsteldi «Alash joly» qoghamdyq qory úiymdastyrghan.

«Jylqynyng qiynan súly jinau, ól­gen mal­dyng terisin jep qong oqighalary jii kez­desedi. Songhy kezderi tipti adam etin jeu turaly sózder jii taralyp ketti. Audan­dyq atqaru komiyteti bergen mәlimet bo­yynsha, eki tútqyn әieldi alyp kelgen­de, she­lek­terinde pisirilgen adam eti bar bolyp shyq­ty. Tergep-tekseru barysynda búl adam­dar­dyng údayy molalardy ar­shyp, mýrde­lerdi qorek etetindikteri bel­gili bolghan».

Búl - asharshylyq jyldarynda tómen­gi jaqtyng jogharghy jaqqa bergen esebinen alynghan ýzindi. Jantýrshigerlik osynday ta­rihy faktilerding shet jaghasy ghana ashyl­ghany bolmasa, býginde biz bilmeytin jaq­tary óte kóp bolsa kerek, sonyng bәrin esepke almaghan kýnning ózinde últ tarihy ýsh­in eng manyzdy bir mәsele - asharshylyq ke­zinde qansha qazaq qyrylghandyghy jó­nin­de naqty faktini anyqtau. Qazaq tariyh­shy­larynyng ishinde asharshylyqqa toqtal­ghan­dary az bolmaghan, akademik Manash Qo­zy­baev, demograf Maqash Tәtimov, Mәm­bet Qoygeldi, Talas Omarbekov, Qay­dar Aldajúmanov syndy esimderding erek­she aitylyp, osy tarihy kezenderdi zert­teu­de aldynghy shepke shygharylatyn jóni bar. Jaraydy, búl - bólek әngime, odan bú­ryn biz HH ghasyrdaghy osynau nәubetting zert­telu barysyndaghy qiyndyqtargha toq­ta­lalyq.

Talas OMARBEKOV, tarih ghylymynyng doktory, professor:

- Eng qyzyghy, býginde ashtyq jayly ai­typ jýrgenderding kóbi sol kezendi zert­tep, kóz mayyn tauysqan kәsiby ta­riyh­shy, myna bizder emes, tariyhqa kez­deysoq kelgender. Sebebi biz әli «mine, mynau naqty fakti» derlik derekke qol jet­kize almay jýrgendikten, halyqtan úyalyp jýrmiz. Alayda qazir qarasaq, ash­ar­shylyqta qúrban bolghan mal men jan­nyng sandyq kórsetkishteri jóninde әrkim әrtýrli derek úsynyp, eldi janyl­dyrugha kirisipti. Solardyng biri, songhy kezderi Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin qazaq tarihyna kirisken sheteldik ghalym Ro­bert Konkres ashtyqta 1 mln qazaq qy­ryl­dy dese, Yosifovtar 1,5 million, al odan әrirekte azuly tarihshy aghamyz Ma­nash Qozybaev pen demograf Maqash Tәtimovter búl kórsetkishti 1 million 750 myng dep kórsetken bolatyn. Búl jerde aitpaghymyz: osynday birizdilik joqtyghynan halyq qazir kimge senerin bilmeydi. Oqulyqtar dúrys emes, sodan kelip biz ÚBT tapsyrushy úrpaqty qiyn­dyqqa salyp jýrmiz. Sondyqtan biz qan­day da bir tarihy kezenimizge jay qara­mauymyz kerek. Óitkeni tarihtyng damy­may otyruynyng bir sebebi - bizding sol naq­ty dәlelder men dәiekter, yaghny qú­jat­tar emes, boljamdargha iyek artuy­myz­dan der edim.

Sonymen 1930 jyldardan bastalghan ashtyq túsynda qansha halyq qyryldy de­genge kelsek, tarihshy Talas Omarbekov ol ýshin HH ghasyr basynda qazaqtyng sany qan­sha bolghanyn, shetelge qanshasy qonys audarugha mәjbýr bolghanyn - barlyghyn es­epke alu kerektigin aitady. Sóitip, ózining múraghattarda otyryp, tapqan material­da­ry boyynsha jәne basqa da tarihshy ma­mandardyng keltirgen mәlemetterimen salystyra kele, mynaday sandyq derek­ter­di algha tartady: 1930 jyly auylda túra­tyn qazaqtar sany 5 mln 873 myng dep kórsetilse, qalada 732 myng qazaq túraty­ny anyqtalghan. Sodan asha túyaqty sypy­ryp alyp, qazaq dalasyn jappay ashtyq jay­laghan 1932 jyly auyl halqynyng sany 2 mln 493 myngha deyin kemip ketken. Osy eseppen, shamamen alghanda 3 mln 379 myng adam qyrylghan bolyp shyghady eken. Al endi «joq, sonsha qyryluy mýmkin em­es, qalagha ketip qaldy» degen sóz tumas ýsh­in sol tústaghy qala halqyn sanasaq, ol 1 mln 218 myndy qúraghan. Búl jerde este ústay­tyn bir jayt - auyldan qalagha aghyl­ghan, ne júmysy, ne baspanasy joq bosqyn qazaqtardy eshkim esh jerge tirkemegendigi. Al, jalpy, búl derekti tarihshy sol tústa qazaqtargha patsha ýkimetining salyq salu ýshin jýrgizgen mal sanaghyna qarap alghan. «Sebebi olar malmen birge olardyng iyele­ri, yaghny qazaqtardyng da sanyn tirkep oty­ru­gha mәjbýr bolghan. Demek, búl - birden-bir dúrys derek», - deydi T.Omarbekov.

Sonymen, jalpy, HH ghasyr basyndaghy asharshylyqta barlyghy qansha qazaq qy­ryldy degende, bir naqty sangha toqtalyp, ony 3 mln 379 myng dep toqtalar bolsaq, onda biz taghy bir nәrseden janylady ek­en­biz. Sebebi atamekenin ashtyq jaylauy saldarynan shetel asyp ketken qazaqtar boldy ghoy? Olay bolsa, solardyng naqty sanyn anyqtap, atalghan sanattan alyp tas­tauymyz kerek. Qytay 1931 jyly óz el­de­rine aman-esen ótken qazaqtardy esepke alghan, birinshiden, arzan júmys kýshi re­tin­de, ekinshiden, eriktilerine «pasport» be­ru ýshin. Búl rette de derekter әrtýrli bolsa kerek. Mәselen, Qaydar Aldajú­ma­nov pen Talas Omarbekovterding ÚQK-ning qúpiya mә­li­metterinen alghan deregi bo­yyn­sha Qytay­gha 72 000 qazaq ótse, demograf Maqash Tә­ti­mov ony 100 myng dep dónge­lek­tep alyp jýr. Biraq demograf aghamyz búl ret­te ar­ghy betke jete almay, shekara­da qyrylghan qazaqtardy qossa kerek, son­da, shynynda, shamamen 100 myng shyghady eken. Batys­tyq tarihshylardan Robert Kon­kres Batys Qy­taygha qashyp ketken qa­zaq­tar 200 myng dese, Polyakov, Veron­skaya sekildi Re­sey ta­riyh­shylary 1 mln 300 mynday dep jaza­dy. Endeshe, bastapqy 3 mln 379 myn­nan osy Qytaygha ótip ketken - 1 379 000-dy alyp tastasaq, sonda ash­ar­shylyq ke­zin­de qyrylghan qazaqtyng sa­ny shamalap shygha­dy, ol - 2 mln 200 myng adam!

Endeshe, osynday tarihy shyndyqqa ja­qyn derekter nege oqulyqtargha engizil­mey keledi? Búghan, birinshiden, tarihshy­la­ry­myzdyng әli kýnge býgejektep, tarihy shyndyq túrghysynan birauyzgha kele alma­uynan bolsa, ekinshiden, әli de bolsa ash­ar­shylyq, jalpy, qazaqtyng HH ghasyr ba­syndaghy tarihyna qatysty qújattardyng jabyq qúlyp astynda qúpiya qalyp otyr­ghan­dyghynda bolsa kerek.

Mәmbet QOYGELDI, tarih ghalymynyng doktory, professor:

- Biz tarihshylar týrli konferen­siya­larda bas qosamyz. Biraq bir nәrsege shamamyz kelmey, aita almay kele ja­tyrmyz, ol - ÚQK jabyq arhiyvi mәse­le­si. Men 20 jylgha juyq ÚQK-ning arhiyvin­de otyryp, HH ghasyr basyndaghy sot pro­sesteri, әsirese qazaq sayasy elitasy­nyng is-materialdaryn zerttegen adam­myn. Biraq ol jerde zertteushilerge ber­mey otyrghan qúpiya materialdar bar, ol - kenestik jýiede jazylghan qo­ry­tyndy anyqtamalar. Búl - bir, ekinshi bir mәsele, Goloshekin ketkennen keyin 1933 jyly onyng ornyna Mirzoyan keldi de, ol Qazaqstannyng barlyq oblysynda komissiya qúrdy. Qúramynda oblystyq partiya komiytetinen, oblystyq atqaru komiytetinen mamandar kiretin komiys­siya­nyng maqsat-mindeti eng birinshi kezek­te әrbir qazaq auyly, kolhoz-sovhoz­da­ry men qalalarynda ashtyqqa deyin adam sany, mal basy, egis kólemi qansha boldy, ashtyqtan keyin qanshasy qaldy degen mәseleni anyqtau edi. Sol fakti­ler múraghattarda saqtaluy kerek, ende­she, biz osy mәsele boyynsha zertteu to­by ma, bәlkim, ortalyq qúrsaq dúrys bo­lar edi. Mýmkin, sol materialdar ta­by­lar ma edi?.. Búrynghy kezde tarihshy­lar birdene jaza bastasa, «Mәskeu ne ai­typ jatyr, qanday sayasat ústanyp otyr, soghan qaray baghyt ústanyndar» dep, sodan biz әbden jaltaq bolyp qal­ghan­byz. Qazir de Mәskeu bizge әli de son­day yqpal jasaghysy keledi-aq, biraq qazir qauip odan góri, basqalardan tónip túrghanday. Bizde Tәuelsizdikten keyin aghylshyn tilin biletin jana zertteushi­ler qalyptasa bastady. Solar batystyq zert­teushilerdi aspangha kóterip, dәriptep baghuda. Osy rette men bir nәrseni ait­qym keledi, Genrih Geyne degen nemis aqy­nynyng shygharmashylyghy jayly F.Engelis kezinde: «Poeziya Geyne po srav­nenii s nashey prozy detskie shut­kiy», - deydi. Ol arqyly Engelis neni tús­paldap túr, ol K.Marks enbekterining ru­hyn joghary qoyyp túr. Búl jerde aita­yyn degenim ne? Sol R.Konkres, M. Tiery sekildi qazaq tarihyn zert­teu­shi batys­tyq ghalymdardyng jasaghan enbek­teri bizding Últtyq qauipsizdik komiy­tetining mú­ra­ghatynda jatqan mate­rial­dardyng ja­nynda әnsheyin bol­mashy bir nәr­seler ghana. Endeshe, bir sózben aitqan­da, Últ­tyq qauipsizdik komiytetindegi jabyq mú­ra­ghat, qújat­tyq material­dar aina­lym­gha tartyl­may, HH ghasyr­daghy qazaq tariy­hyndaghy shyndyq esh­qa­shan ashyl­maydy.

Týiin

Osynday tórelik sóz aitylyp, óreli mәseleler qozghalghan dóngelek ýstel basyna jinalghandar arasynda jogharyda aty atalghan T.Omarbekov, M.Qoygeldi jәne Q.Aldajúmanov, B.Qoyshybay syndy tarihshylarmen qatar, qogham qayratkeri Júmabek Ashuúly, sayasattanushy Ázimbay Ghaly men Aydos Sarymdar boldy. Jiynda tarihy shyndyqtyng ashylmay jatuy qazaqtyng rushyldyq dertinen aiygha almay jýrgendigi basa aityldy.

Qalay desek te, tarihshylarymyz tirnektep jinaytyn, zerdelep zertteytin dýniyeler әli alda. Al asharshylyq siyaqty halqymyzdyng tarihy aqtandaqtaryna toqmeyilsip qaraugha bolmaydy.

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