Qazaqstan últ sayasatynda endigi jerde europalyq emes, aziyalyq últtargha (әsirese ózbek pen úighyr últyna) basa mәn berui qajet. Óitkeni búl mәsele bolashaqta Qazaqstannyng basyn auyrtar ýlken problemagha ainalghaly túr...

Qazaqstan últ sayasatynda endigi jerde europalyq emes, aziyalyq últtargha (әsirese ózbek pen úighyr últyna) basa mәn berui qajet. Óitkeni búl mәsele bolashaqta Qazaqstannyng basyn auyrtar ýlken problemagha ainalghaly túr...

Aldymen ózbek últyna qatysty memleketting sayasaty qanday bolu kerek degen mәselege toqtalayq. Ózbekstan Respublikasynyng statistika komiytetining mәlimetine jýginsek, 2011 jyly eldegi jalpy halyq sany  - 29 123,4 mln. adamdy qúrapty, tuu mólsheri - 626 881, syrtqa kóship ketkender - 184 149 bolghan.[1] Demek halyq sany  - 298 147 adamgha artqan. Áriyne, búrynyraqtaghy jyldarmen salystyrghanda demografiyalyq ósim azayyp keledi: «esly v 1991-1995 godah naselenie respubliky ejegodno roslo v srednem na 453,8 tysyachy chelovek (srednegodovoy prirost - 2,2 prosenta), a v posleduishem pyatiyletiy - na 393,3 tys. chelovek (1,7 prosenta), to v 2001-2005 godah - vsego lishi na 303,3 tys. chelovek (1,2 prosenta). Tempy prirosta po sravnenii s nachalom 1990-h godov snizilisi pochty v dva raza, a s 1980-my godamy - v 2,5 raza. Eto obuslovleno dvumya vajneyshimy faktorami: sniyjeniyem urovnya rojdaemosty y rostom migrasionnogo ottoka za predely respubliky pry stabilizasiy smertnosty na dostatochno nizkom urovne.»[2]. Degenmen ózbek halqynyng ósimi әli de bolsa joghary. Sarapshylar 2030 jylgha qaray Ózbekstannyng halqy 36 mln- dy qúrauy mýmkin ekendigin boljauda.[3]

Aldaghy uaqytta Ózbekstan territoriyasynyng múnsha halyqty azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etui qiyngha soqqaly túr. Halyqtyng artyq ósimi bolashaqta ýlken problema bolatynyn týsingen resmy Tashkent 90 jyldardan bastap «otbasyn josparlau» sayasatyn jýrgizip keledi (halyq ósimining jyldan jylgha azangyna búl da septigin tiygizude),  alayda dәstýrshil ózbekterge, әsirese auyldy jerlerding halqy ýshin búl sayasattyng yqpaly әlsiz bolyp otyr.

Jogharghy demografiyalyq ósim júmyssyzdyq pen kedeyshilikke de janama septigin tiygizip otyrghandyqtan, halyq tyghyz qonystanghan Ferghana, ekologiyalyq zardap shegip otyrghan Qaraqalpaqstan territoriyasynyng túrghyndary negizinen syrtqa baryp júmys isteuge, sonda túraqtap qalugha tyrysuda. Memleket te emigrasiyany halyq ósimin azaytudyng bir joly retinde jәne mýmkin basqa da «ishki eseptermen» oghan kedergi bolmauda. Al, ózbek migranttary Resey, Qazaqstan, Týrkiya, Arab elderi, Ontýstik Koreya men Batys elderine deyin tarap jatyr.

Áytsede Ózbekstannan kelgen immigranttardyng negizgi shogharyn Resey men Qazaqstannyng qabyldap otyrghany jasyryn emes. KSRO-dan qalghan kóptegen úqsastyqtargha baylanysty búl elderding sharttaryna beyimdelu ózbekter ýshin onayyraq. Alayda, songhy jyldary soltýstik kórshimizde «neofashistik» әreketterding kóbengine baylanysty, ol jaqqa baru da ózbekterden ýlken tәuekeldi talap etuge mәjbýr etude. Osynday jaghdayda olar mýmkindiginshe Qazaqstannan júmys tabugha tyrysatyny anyq. Demek ala taqiyaly kórshilerimizding negizgi migrasiyalyq soqqysyn alatyn el (eger ekonomika birqalypty damysa...) Qazaqstan bolmaq.

Múnday jaghdayda «ne isteu kerek?» degen zandy súraq tuyndaydy. Qazaqstannyng aldynda eki tandau bar: biri - shekarany tars bekitip, immigranttar shogharyn memleketke qajetti enbek kýshine sәikes ghana engizu, ekinshisi, kelgen immigranttardy siniru.

Birinshi ssenariy boyynsha immigranttarmen kýresuding tiyimsiz ekenin әlemdik tәjiriybe dәleldep berdi. Shekarasyn qansha qyraghy kýzetse de AQSh meksikalyqtardyn, Batys Europa damushy elderden kelgen immigranttardyng aghynynyna tosqauyl qoya almady. Olar memleket territoriyasyna ótuding týrli joldary arqyly memlekettik baqylaudy ainalyp ótude. Damyghan elderding ózi zansyz immigrasiyany jene almay otyrghanda shekarasy keng jәne basym bóligi tosqauylsyz, kóshi qon polisiyasy әlsiz jәne «jeng úshynan jalghasu» keng taraghan Qazaqstan ýshin onymen kýresu, oghan qosymsha qarjy shyghyndau auyr tiyeri anyq.

Al, ekinshi jol elimiz ýshin salystyrmaly týrde paydalyraq bolmaq. Yaghni, Qazaqstan immigrant ózbekterdi siniruge tyrysuy kerek. Ekinshi ssenariyding tiyimdi jaqtary:

• Zansyz immigranttarmen kýreske qarjy júmsalmaydy, qayta olardyng jalaqysynan salyq alynady;
• Olardyng tapqan qarjysy elderinde emes, osynda júmsalatyn bolady;
• Otbasymen osynda túratyn bolghandyqtan elding tútynu qabiletining ósuine, qarjy ainalymynyng artuyna septigin tiygizedi;
• Bәrinen de qazaq halqynyng sanynyng ósuine septigin tiygizetin bolady.

Ol ýshin memleket arnayy strategiya jasap, belgili bir jospargha sýienui kerek. Arnayy zang qabyldanuy tiyis. Osy zang arqyly olargha azamattyq beru onaylatylady. Biraq memleket eshqanday әleumettik kómek bermeydi, qayta birqatar tómendegidey talaptar qoyatyn bolady:

• Eng kemi 3 jyl Qazaqstanda túru;
• Qazaq tilin mengeru, balalaryn qazaq mektebine beru;
• Tólqújatyna jәne basqa qújattargha qazaq dep jazdyrtu;
• Jasy 40-tan aspaghan boluy tiyis;
• Olardy soltýstik oblystargha qonystandyryp, basqa jaqqa qonys audaruy ýshin arnayy rúqsat alghyzu (osylaysha ózbekterding ontýstikte túruynyn, keyin ol ónirge kóshuining aldy alynady);
• Saylaugha qatysu jәne týsu qúqyghyn bermeytin uaqytsha azamattyq beriledi (Latviyanyng latysh tilin bilmeytin orys últy ókilderine qoldanyp otyrghan sayasaty siyaqty).

­Ózbek immigranttaryn assimilyasiyalau sayasaty osy últtyng Qazaqstandaghy demografiyalyq ýlesin birqalypty ústaugha mýmkindik beredi, óitpegen jaghdayda olardyng payyzy arfmetikalyq progressiyamen jogharylauy yqtimal ekendigin eskeru kerek. Áriyne, assimilyasiyalau ýderisi onay sharua emes, onyng ýstine qazaqtyng rulyq jәne jýzdik qúrylymyna olardyng sinisip ketui onay ma, sinisse búl instituttyng qay jerinen oryn alady degen súraqtardyng da kókeyge keletini jasyryn emes. Búlar búl jýieden tysqary qalady. Qazaqta jýzdik institutqa kirmegenimen óz aldyna bir-bir ru bolyp otyrghan qojalar, tóreler, tólengitter siyaqty toptar barshylyq. Kezinde Abylay han әkelgen qyrghyzdarda býgin bir ru bolyp elge sinip ketti. Endeshe, ózbek immigranttary da jýzge kirmeytin ru bola alady. Ári búlar barghan ónirlerindegi rulyq kartagha ózgeris engizip, key jerlerding bir taypalylyghyn basqa aimaqtardaghy ózge últtardyng basymdyghyn әlsiretedi... Mýmkin qaraqalpaqtarmen qosa alty alashtyng bir balasy etermiz?

Sinirgende de búl sayasatty eki topqa baghyttap jýrgizgen jón bolar. Alghashqysy qarapayym enbek migranttary, ekinshisi týrli salanyng sapaly mamandary, injenerler, ghalymdar men bolashaghynan ýmit kýttiretin jastar. Ekinshilerine birqatar jenildikter jasau arqyly ghana tartugha mәjbýrmiz (Qazaqstandy aimaqtaghy aqyl aghynyn tartushy elge ainaldyratyn da strategiya da kerek-aq).

HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaqtardyng sany ózbekterden kóp edi. Alayda HIH ghasyrda  sinisip ketken qazaq rularyn aitpaghannyng ózinde, 1920-21 men 1931-33 jyldardaghy ashtyq kezinde talay qazaq Tәshkendi panalap, sonynda ózbekke ainalyp ketti, mejeleu jyldarynda arghy jaqta qalyp qoyghan qandastar da ala taqiya kiyip jýruge әdettenip ýlgerdi, solardyng úrpaghynyng ózi býginde beyresmy derekterge sensek, birneshe million bolyp qalady eken. Sondyqtan tarihtyng qazaqqa jasaghan osy bir әdiletsizdigin týzetu mindeti túr moynymyzda... Eger ózbek bolyp ketken qazaq rularynyng nemese keyin asharshylyqta auyp barghan qazaqtardyng úrpaghy kelip jatsa olardy qayta siniru tipti onayyraq bolady.

Qazaqstangha aldaghy uaqytta keletin ózbekterding jalpy aghynyn esepteu qiyn. Degenmen Qazaqstannyng ekonomikalyq damu qarqyny men Ózbekstandaghy halyq ósimining bәsendeuine qarap, olardyng sany 1-2 mln arasynda boluy yqtimal dep boljaugha bolady. Demek osy sayasatty dúrys jýrgizsek halqymyzdyng sanyn million adamgha arttyra alamyz degen sóz. Áriyne, olardyng ózderi qazaq bola qoymasy anyq, balalarynyng da qazaqqa sine ketpesi belgili, alayda nemereleri qazaq emessing deseng namystanatyn bolady, al shóbereleri...

Áriyne, assimilyasiyalaudyng qiyn ýderis ekeni barshagha ayan. Onyng kóptegen әleumettik problemalar tuyndatarlyq faktorlary bar ekendigi de belgili. Biraq Qazaqstannyng aldynda ontýstik kórshimizden keletin zansyz immigranttarmen kýresting eng tiyimdi joly osy ghana siyaqty bolyp kórinedi. Sondyqtan memleketting aldynda onyng zardabyn minimumgha deyin týsiretin, kelisip, pishilip josparlanghan arnayy baghdarlama jasau mindeti túr.

Abai.kz

[1] http://www.stat.uz/demographic/  (02.03.2013,  22:15)

[2] http://www.fergananews.com/articles/6410  (02.03.2013,  22:18)

[3] http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=UZ  (03.03.2013,  23:30)