Qytay qazaq jazba әdebiyetining negizin salushylardyng biri, әigili aqyn Tanjaryq Joldyúlynyng (1903-1947) tuu, ósu joly Alash kezenimen týspa tús keldi. Onyng on jasqa shyqqan jyly:

Joldy әkem edi bas qalqam,
Jiylmay qapty-au dastarqan.
Qas qaqqansha bolghany-ay,
Auzy-basy tas-talqan, – dep óleng shygharghanyn eskersek, alash ruhy qanat qaqqan 1917-1918 jyldar Tanjaryqtyng bozbalalyqty borandatqan der shaghy edi.

1916-1917 jyldardyng aldy artyndaghy әr týrli oqighalar Qazaqstan topyraghyndaghy kóptegen talantty túlghalardyng arghy bet asuyna sebep boldy. Qughyn-sýrgin kórgen últ ziyalylary arghy betke Abay ólenderin de taratty. Abaydyng 1909 jyly shyqqan kitabynyng kóshirme qoljazbasy qoldan qolgha tarady. Sol jyldar Áset Naymanbayúly (1867-1923), Jýsipbekqoja Shayhyslamúly (1857-1937) syndy әigili túlghalardyng qytay jerine ótui, 1928-1931 jyldar kezenindegi Ziyat Shәkәrimúly sekildi qughyn-sýrginge úshyraushylardyng qytaygha qashyp baruy eki el arasyndaghy әdebiy-mәdeny baylanystargha múryndyq bolyp, Shynjang qazaq әdebiyetining qalyptasuyna iygi yqpal jasady.

Abay ólenderi jәne Alash túlghalarymen jarysa jetken M.Júmabaev, M.Dulat, A. Baytúrsynúly, S.Torayghyrov, Sh.Qúdayberdiúly, I.Jansýgirov, S.Seyfulliyn, t.b. esimderi men olardyng shygharmalary shetel qazaghyna keninen tanyldy.

Áset syndy iri aqynnyng Ile jerindegi qyzaylar arasyna baruy Tanjaryq ýshin de ýlken mektep bolghanynda esh shýbә joq.

Aytalyq, Ásetting Altaygha barghanda tughan «Altay» óleninde mynaday joldar bar:

Altaydy Abaq kerey jatqan jaylap,
Sapyryp sary qymyzyn bie baylap.
Tasy – altyn, tauy – kýmis, keudesi – gýl,
El eken jer sarasyn alghan tandap.

Taulary jasyl jelek orman eken,
Ang men mal arasyna tolghan eken.
Sulary sýiek sorpa sekildenip,
Jútsang kýsh qosatynday boygha bóten...

Óleng ólkesine órshelene qúlash sermegen bozbala Tanjaryq auyzdan auyzgha taraghan Abay, Áset ólenderin jatqa aityp, óz boyyna aqyndyq shabyt jiyp otyrghan. Onyng «Ile sipaty» óleninde mynaday joldar bar:

Súrasang Ile jerding ortasynday,
Egerde dene bolsa qolqasynday.
Tauy – altyn, tasy – kýmis, aghashy – jez,
Sulary erkek qoydyng sorpasynday...

Osy joldargha qarap otyryp Tanjaryqtyng Ásetti ústaz tútqany angharylady.

Tanjaryqtyng ómir dereginen qaraghanda әigili Qarqara jәrmenkesi ótken jer men aqynnyng tuyp-ósken Kýnes, Tekes óniri jer jaghdayy jaghynan tym jaqyn. Sondyqtan da saudanyng ghana emes, mәdeniyetting altyn kópirine ainalghan atalghan jәrmenkening Tanjaryqqa ong әseri bolghany da anyq.

Aqyn 1923 jyldyng qantarynda Jetisu ónirine qashyp kelip, Almatygha deyin jetip, Álihan, Mirjaqyp, Ahmet, Maghjandar syndy alashshyl aqyndardyn  shygharmalarymen tipti de terendey tanysady. Últ múraty haqyndaghy ortaq iydeyasyn jetildiredi. 1924 jyldyng 15 sәuirinde Týrkistan Respublikasynyng ekonomikalyq kenesi Qarqara jәrmenkesin qayta qúru turaly qauly shygharyp, qayta ashylghan jәrmenkeni Tanjaryq Joldyúly jyrgha qosady:

Qarqarada jәrmenke-jazday bazar,
Qayda barsang bazargha aughan nazar.
Attan týspey sauda alyp Alban atan,
Qyzayyma qyzyq kóp aita barar.
«Ádil bagha, bir-aq sóz, týspey-aq qoy,
Dayar bolsyn qorjynyng zatty salar.

Jәrmenkeden qaytqan el, keshki jazyq,
Shymdy túyaq jol jasap ketken qazyp.
Sabalasyp, jarysyp ahau-igay,
Átten-ay, men solardy ketsem jazyp.
Nemese asau túlpar ala qashyp, – degen jyr joldary aqyn saparynyng aqjoltay lebizi bolyp keyinge qaldy.

Demek, Jetisu ónirinde ótken kez-kelgen dýldilding túyaq izi Qarqarada óz tanbasyn qaldyryp otyrdy.

Qarqara jәrmenkesin jәne jalpy Jetisu jerin I. Jansýgirov:

Qarqara qalyng qazaq kebesindey,
Albannyng albyrt – erke enesindey.
Qaraghay qaptaldaghy, jynys arsha,
Qadyrly maldyng qútty kelesindey.
Tekesting kókke órlegen tik qiyasy,
Sympiyp sol manaydyng tóresindey.
Mynjylqy myjyraya jantayysqan,
Ózgesi jýginisken tóreshidey.
Bylshyqay, Besjyrghalan, Týpting týri
Qatyqtyng jalanbaghan tegeshindey.
Qarqara – jarasymdy jazyq jaylau,
Ýy – kýlshe, qúrttyng jayghan óresindey.
Alystan auyl әrpin abaylasan,
Sýiekti baymónkening shegesindey.
Sýti aghyp sorghalaghan Ýshqarqara,
Qorghasyn qoryp tósten keletindey, – dep suretteydi.

Búl arada aiqyn kórinis tauyp túrghany Tanjaryq Joldyúly men Iliyas Jansýgirovtyng ruhany ýndestigi. Mýmkin Qarqara syndy iri jәrmenkede Tanjaryqtyng Iliyasty kórui, syrttay bolsa da qúmartyp, elikteui bek mýmkin. Tanjaryq pen Qoydymnyng aitysy da osy jyldardyng jemisi.

Tanjaryq Joldyúly Qarqara, Jetisu ónirinen erkin susyndap, qanaty jetilgen qyranday samghay úshyp, ýsh-tórt jylda tughan jerine qaytady. Jay ghana qaytpaydy, tom-tom kitaptar men alash ruhyn arqalap qaytady. Aqynnyng osydan keyingi jazylghan ólenderining deni:

Oyan, qazaq, kózindi ash kóter basty,
Qaranghyda ótkizbey beker jasty.
Jer ketti, din nasharlap, hal haram bop,
Qazaghym endi jatu jaramasty, – degen Mirjaqyp syndy, Alash ýnimen anaghúrlym sabaqtasady. Otyzynshy jyldardyng basyndaghy Shynjandaghy az jylymyq últ ziyalylarynyng tynysyn kenitip, el ýshin enbek etuine jol ashyp edi. Osy tústa Tanjaryq janadan shygha bastaghan «Ile gazetinin» túnghysh redaktory boldy. Qúlja qalasyndaghy últtyq teatrdyng negizin qalap, onyng alghashqy shymyldyghyn Beyimbet Maylinnyng «Shúgha» atty piesasymen ashty. Gazet betinde «Oqyp kór gazetimdi», «Osy tang kimning tany», «Mys qazan» t.b. ólenderin jariyalady.

Qalyng el, qazaq, endi ash kózindi,
Oqyp kór gazetindi – óz sózindi.
Ashady ashty shayday ang sezimdi.
Aynaday jarqyratyp kórsetedi,
Min bar ma, qolyna alyp kór ózindi... («Oqyp kór gezetimdi»).

Osy tang kimning tany – jetim tany,
Kýn keshken kýndikpenen jesir tany.
Tendikke qoly jetpey kýnirenip,
Qorlyqpen ótip ketken esil tany.
Tany atpay, aiy batyp, týnek keshken,
Qatargha gharip-qaser kelsin taghy.
Kózindi ash, ezilgen el, tang seniki,
Ayyryp dos pen qaty jete tany («Osy tang kimning tany»), – degen óleng joldary alash ýni bolyp kópke jetti.

Osylaysha, Tanjaryq arghy bet asqan alash ruhynyng jampozyna ainaldy. Taghdyr oghan dәl osy bir qiyn joldy әdeyi teligendey onyng ómir joly da Alash ziyalylarinikindey qiyn-qystau, qughyn-sýrginge toly boldy.

Shynjandyq biyleushi Shyng Sysay qazaqtardy jappay tútqynday bastaghanda 1940 jyly Tanjaryqty da ústap, týrmege japty. 1944 jyly týrmeden bosap, 1945 jyly qaytadan ústaldy. Ayausyz jәbirleuge, jan tózgisiz qinaugha úshyrady. 1946 jyly gomindang ýkimeti men ýsh aimaq ýkimeti arasyndaghy kelisim shartqa oray týrmeden bosasa da, densaulyghyna ilingen aqaulyghy asqynyp, 1947 jyly mausymda qasiretpen kóz júmdy. Shynjang halyq baspasynan ilgerindi-keyindi bolyp, «Týrme haly» (1981 j.), Nazgýl (1982 jyl), Ortalyq últtar baspasynan «Anar-Sәule» (1982 j.), Ile gazeti baspasynan «Shyn tilek» (1994 j.) kitaptary jaryq kórdi. Keyinnen barlyq shygharmalary toptastyrylyp «tandamaly shygharmalarynyn» 1-2 tomy 1985 jyly, 3-tomy 1995 jyly basylyp shyqty. Qazaqstanda 1974 jyly, 1992 jyly jәne 2003 jyly aqyn enbegi arnayy kitap bolyp jaryq kórdi.

Týrmegegi adamdardyng qasiretti taghdyry turaly Tanjaryq Joldyúly:

Qorlyqpen qor bop óldi neler seri,
Adamdy kýidiretin osy jeri.
Jem boldy qargha-qúzghyn, it pen qúsqa,
Elimning amal bar ma, esil eri.

Qylyghy mine, osy, bizge qylghan,
Qosylyp qalyng qayghy kýnde tynnan.
Týrmede toghyz jylda ólgen adam,
Asypty orta eseppen alpys mynnan...

Bәri óldi Ýrimjining qalasynda,
Qyryq pen qyryq ýshting arasynda.
Qorlyqpen sol bozdaqtar ketti armanda,
Balannyng qaldy búl kek balasyna! – dep jazsa, endi birde:

Bәri qan Ýrimjining ainalasy,
Eski tam, únghyl-shúnghyl say-salasy.
Ishegin it sýiretip ólgen jannyn,
Qús shoqyp domalanyp jatyr basy.

...

Halyqtyng sonyng biri adal úly –
Misaly Shәriphanday júrt aghasy.

Kele qalsang Ýrimji qalasyna,
Kózindi sal qaltarys salasyna.
Óle-ólgenshe kәpirden kegimdi al dep,
Tapsyryp ket balannyng balasyna, – dep,  tyrnaqtyng kóbesine iyne súghyp, ýrpine  shi  jýgirtip qinaumen ólgenderdi kózinen qan aghyza jyrlady.

Aqynnyng osynday zar iylep, zapyran qúsqan ashy jyrlary Ýrimji týrmesining ishin ghana kýnirentip qalmastan, auyzdan auyzgha taralyp, tónirekting tórt búryshyna tarap jatty. Sonau qiyrdaghy Altay ólkesi de aqynnyng esim-soyyna erte qanyq boldy.

Aytalyq, Tanjaryq týrmede Aqyt Ýlimjiúly, Shәriphan Kógedaev syndy kórnekti túlghalarmen de tas bosaghada kezdeysoq til aiqastyrady. Ýrimji týrmesinde Shәriphandy kórip qalady da:

– Assalaumaghaleykum, men Tanjaryq,
Tanydym Shaqang ghoy dep sizdi angharyp.
Altaydyng alyp qyran aqiyghy,
Týsting be, qúrghan torgha siz de aldanyp?!
Jaqtamay jatpas eli adal úlyn,
Ataghy aibar bolghan jyrlap halyq.
Aytarmyz erligindi, serligindi,
Ketpese kóz júmylyp til baylanyp.
Bәiterek kólenkeli shynar edin,
Ósip eng taqyr dala tasty jaryp,
Jauyzdyng tamyryna balta shapqan,
Týsermiz sary izine jaryq alyp.
Búlaqtay móldir eding qaynap shyqqan,
Qalaysha bitispekpiz ishtey qanyp.
Búl jalghan, jalghan deydi sol ras pa? –
Bermeseng ózing sheship bile almadyq.

...

Aghady  qashan túnyp Ertis, Ile,
Búl kýnde әbden boldy laylanyp..., – degen jyr joldaryn shúbyrta jóneledi.

Aqynnyng týrmedegi ómiri haqynda anyz-әpsanalar tipti kóp. Alash ziyalylary turaly aitqanda týrmege kirgen izi bar, shyqqan izi joq. Olardyng týrmedegi ashy ómiri haqynda jazylghan qalam izderi joqtyng qasy. Al Tanjaryq aqynnyng keyinge qalghan týrme jyrlary tútas әdebiyetimizde ózgeshe orny bar, kesek, taghdyrly tuyndylar.

1920 jyly Alashorda avtonomiyasy qúlaghannan keyin Suan elining Múqa bolysy qughyngha úshyrap, Qytaygha ótip, Sýleymen aqalaqshyny panalaydy. Keyinnen sondaghy Suandar men Sherulerge bolys bolady. Stalindik zúlmatty kóshirip qoldanghan Shyng Shysay Sýleymen aqalaqshy, Múqa bolys syndy adamdardy jappay tútqyndap týrmege tyghady. Tanjaryq Joldyúly Múqa bolyspen Ýrimji týrmesinde birge bolypty. 1945 jyldyng jazynda sol týrmede Múqa qaytys bolady deydi. Sonda Tanjaryq Múqa bolystyng basyn sýiep otyryp, mynaday ólenmen:

Bar Múqa imandy bol, arystanym,
Kelmeske kózimizden alystadyn,
Qyzyghyn eki dýniyening birdey kórip,
Shyqpady estimestey dybystaryn.

Bar Múqa imandy bol, qasqyrym-ay,
Bir kezde jýrushi eding asqynyp-ay.
Otyrghan Kókdalada Sheru – Suan,
Keldi eken ne zobalan bastyghyna-ay..., –  dep, zarly joqtauyn aitqan eken.

Ziyat Shәkerimúly Ýrimji týrmesinde jazypty delinetin jyrdan qalghan bir ýzikte:

Jatyrmyz Ýrimjining týrmesinde,
Ónkey qu eki elden birlesude.
Aqyldy azamattar tútqyn bolyp,
Azapty, ayanyshty kýn keshude.

Ornymnan zorgha túrdym syz ótip bir,
Taysalmay Tanjaryqta jyr etip jýr.
Mәskeuding qarulanghan tynshysyn-ay,
Orystyng әskerleri kýzetip túr..., – degen joldar kezdesedi.

T.Joldyúlynyng qiyn qystau, tas bosagha, tar esiktegi ómirining ózi alash ziyalylarynyng ashy taghdyrymen tamyrlasyp jatty.

Abaqtynyng azapty, jan tózgisiz shyndyghy Tanjaryq aqynnyng qalamynan qaghys qalmady. Tútastay qaraghanda, jeliles ólenderi arqyly «Abaqty» atalatyn asa iri poemany dýniyege әkeldi.

Kórnekti әdebiyetshi, ghalym Túrsynbek Kәkishúlynyn: «Tanjaryqty bastan-ayaq týgel oqyghan adam onyng qazaq poeziyasyna qúiyp jatqan úly arnalardyng biri ekenine esh shýbә keltirmeydi. Tanjaryq týrme turaly jyrlarynda tek óz qasiretin ghana aityp qoymay, ózimen taghdyr-talayy bir Ahmet pen Mirjaqyptyn, Maghjan men Iliyastyn, Sәken men Beyimbetting de syrtqa shyghara almay ketken kekti ashuyn qosa jyrlaghanday әser qaldyrady», – deui tegin emes. F.gh.d. professor Zúfar Seyitjanov ta «Shynjang qazaq  әdebiyeti» atty monografiyasynda: «Abaqty» aimaq әdebiyetin qoyyp, býkil qazaq әdebiyetinde týrme turaly jazylghan alghashqy kólemdi shygharma bolyp tabylady» – degen joghary baghasyn aitty.

Qazaq oqyrmandaryna Tanjaryqty, onyng qamau-qapasta jazylghan jyrlaryn alghash jetkizgen adam qazaqtyng halyq jazushysy Sәbit Múqanov. Ol 1956 jyly Qytay eline issaparmen barghanda Búqara Tyshqanbaevtan Tanjaryq turaly mәlimetter alady. Búl turaly «Alyptyng adymdary» kitabynda (1959) bayandaydy.

1993 jyly Tanjaryq aqynnyng 90 jyldyq toyy Jetisu ólkesinde dýrkirep ótti. Osy toyda Zeynolla Qabdolov Tanjaryq turaly tebirene tolqyp bayandama jasady: «Aqyn lirika, tolghau, mysal ólender, dastan, óleng roman, qissa, aitys ólenderden halqyna otyz myng jolday múra qaldyrghan. Osy tuyndylary arqyly ol Abaydyn, Ahmet, Shәkәrim, Mirjaqyp, Maghjandardyng Qytaydaghy qazaq bauyrlar arasynan kóktegen ruhany jalghasy, salaly bútaghy ekendigin tanytty. Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng jazba әdebiyetining negizin qalasyp, kósh bastaghan aimýiiz serkesi boldy. Áleumettik, qoghamdyq, ózge de ónegeli júmystarynyng nәtiyjesinde olardyng býgingi damyghan baspasózinin, oqu-aghartuynyng da negizin qalasty. Tanjaryq aqyn, qogham qayratkeri ghana emes, әnshi, kompozitor, halyqtyng sal-serilik dәstýrin jalghastyrushy», – dep tolghandy ghalym.

Qoryta kelgende, Tanjaryq Joldyúly arghy bet asqan alash ruhynyng sol elde ómir sýrgen tiri beynesi boldy. Alashtyng aita almaghan aqtyq zary onyng auzynan aq jalyn bolyp búrqyrady. Qazaq әdebiyetinde eshkimge úqsamaytyn taghdyr, eshkimge úqsmaytyn qoltanba onyng qalamy arqyly mәngilikke tanbalandy. Býgingi buyn Tanjaryq syndy ótkender ruhyna tәu etkende ghana tәuelsiz eldin, tәuelsiz әdebiyetting qadir-qasiyetin tipti de tereng týsinedi. Aqyndar jyryna arqau bolghan Alash ruhy, azattyq ruhy mәngi jasaydy!

Paydalanghan әdebiyetter:   

Joldyúly T. Shygharmalarynyng tolyq jinaghy. I-II-tom. - Astana: Elorda. 2002.

«Áset shygharmalary», QHR, Últtar baspasy, Beyjin. 2000 jyl. 94 bet.

Shәkenúly J. «Qytay qazaqtarynyng әdebiyeti» Syn-zertteu maqalalary. Almaty, «Politra Press», 2018 jyl.

Shәkenúly J. qúrastyrghan «Tolghauy toqsan qyzyl til» – sheshendik sózder. Almaty:Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghy, 2008 jyl.

Shәkenúly J. «Túlparlar dýbiri», maqalalar jinaghy. Almaty, «Palitra Press» 2020 jyl.

Seyitjanov Z. Shynjang qazaq әdebiyeti. Qazaq uniyversiyteti baspasy, 1999. -136 b.

Qabdolov Z. Eki tomdyq shygharmalar. Sóz óneri. – Almaty: Jazushy, 1983.T2. – 456 b.

«Almaty aqshamy», sәuir 11, 2023. https://almaty-akshamy.kz/biz-osi-tanzharikti-bilemiz-be.

http://z-o.kz/index.php/2017-05-19-10-04-25/2068-tegi-di-rpa-mytpa.

Jәdy Shәkenúly,

Jazushy-tarihshy. Qazaqstan Jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi,  Euraziya jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi. Halyqaralyq Shynghyshan akademiyasynyng akademiygi

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