Týrkiyala túratyn qazaqtardyn úzaq-salqar kósh tarihyna nazar aularghanda búl kóshting qazaqtyng erkindik jolyndaghy tendessiz erligi ekenin kóremiz. Olar erkindik ýshin adam sengisiz qanday da bir auyr qiynshylyqtardy bastan keshirgen. 1930- jyldary Qytaygha qarasty Shy ghys Týrkistan ólkesinde Gomindang ýkimetining gubernatory Shyn-Shiy-Saydyn  zombylyqtaryna shyday almaghan qazaqtardyng Elishan Tәiji men Zayyp Tәiji siyaqty kósh kósemderining jetekshiliginde, bayaghydaghy Bóke batyr siyaqty, azattyqty tughan tonyraqtan tys jerlerden izdep shetke auyp ketkenin bayqaymyz.

Eki kósh

Týrkiya qazaqtarynyng atalary ótken ghasyrlarda Shyghys Qazaqstan men Qytay qol astyndaghy Shyghys Týrkistan aimaghynda ómir sýrgen. 1864 jyly Qytay men Resey patshalyghy shekarany belgilegende, olar Shyghys Týrkistan jaqta qalyp qoyghan. Olardyng atalary 1930 jyldardan keyin Shyghys Týrkistandaghy Qytay gubernatorlarynyng sayasy qysymy men qudalaulary saldarynan jalpy alghanda eki dýrkin ýdere kóshti.

Birinshi kósh – Elishan jәne Zayyp batyrlardyng jetekshiliginde 1938 jyly bastaldy. Arttarynan ýdere qughan qytay әskerlerimen shayqasyp, Tiybet, Gimalaydy asyp, 1941 jyly Ýndistangha jetken.

Týrkiyala túratyn qazaqtardyn úzaq-salqar kósh tarihyna nazar aularghanda búl kóshting qazaqtyng erkindik jolyndaghy tendessiz erligi ekenin kóremiz. Olar erkindik ýshin adam sengisiz qanday da bir auyr qiynshylyqtardy bastan keshirgen. 1930- jyldary Qytaygha qarasty Shy ghys Týrkistan ólkesinde Gomindang ýkimetining gubernatory Shyn-Shiy-Saydyn  zombylyqtaryna shyday almaghan qazaqtardyng Elishan Tәiji men Zayyp Tәiji siyaqty kósh kósemderining jetekshiliginde, bayaghydaghy Bóke batyr siyaqty, azattyqty tughan tonyraqtan tys jerlerden izdep shetke auyp ketkenin bayqaymyz.

Eki kósh

Týrkiya qazaqtarynyng atalary ótken ghasyrlarda Shyghys Qazaqstan men Qytay qol astyndaghy Shyghys Týrkistan aimaghynda ómir sýrgen. 1864 jyly Qytay men Resey patshalyghy shekarany belgilegende, olar Shyghys Týrkistan jaqta qalyp qoyghan. Olardyng atalary 1930 jyldardan keyin Shyghys Týrkistandaghy Qytay gubernatorlarynyng sayasy qysymy men qudalaulary saldarynan jalpy alghanda eki dýrkin ýdere kóshti.

Birinshi kósh – Elishan jәne Zayyp batyrlardyng jetekshiliginde 1938 jyly bastaldy. Arttarynan ýdere qughan qytay әskerlerimen shayqasyp, Tiybet, Gimalaydy asyp, 1941 jyly Ýndistangha jetken.

Ekinshi kósh – búdan on jyldan song Mau Zydúnnyng tónkerisinen keyin qozghalghan. Búl kóshke Qaliybek әkim, Súltan Shәrip Zuqa batyr úly, Qúsayyn Tәiji, Dәlelhan Janaltay syndy tórt adam basshylyq jasady. Búlar 1951 jyly Kәshmir qalasyna kelip ornalasty.

Osy eki kósh bir mezgilde Týrkiyagha qonys audardy. Birinshi kóshtegiler Ýndistan – Pәkistanda jýrgen kezde "Shyghys Týrkistan Qazaq bosqyndar qoghamyn" qúryp, sonyng atynan Týrkiyagha qonys audarugha aryz bergen edi. Olardyng búl aryzy 1952 nauryz aiynda qabyldandy. Sóitip, sonynan jetken kósh aldynghysyna ilesip, Týrkiyagha jetti. Týrkiyagha qazaqtar kóshi 1952 jyldan 1954 jylgha deyin sozyldy. Olardyng jalpy sany – 2 myngha tarta adam edi.

Kóshting jolyn salghan Bóke Batyr

Negizinde jogharyda aitylghan osy eki kóshting de izin salghan Shyghys qazaqtarynyng әigili batyry Bóke batyr edi. Orta jýzdegi kerey ruynyng molqy tarmaghynan shyqqan Bóke batyr ózderin naqaq qyryp salugha kelgen qytay әskerlerining janshyp tastaghan edi. Sonysy ýshin qytaylar jan joldasy Mynbay ekeuin tútqyndap týrmege tyqty da tastady. Retin tauyp, týrmeden qashyp shyqqan Bóke endi qaytyp jau qolyna týspeske, baghynbasqa bel budy. Sany jaghynan óte kóp jaumen jaghalasyp jeniske jete almaytynyn bilgen son, azamat bostandyghy ýshin tughan jerin tәrk etuden basqa amaly qalmady. Sóitip, 1898 jyly Bóke batyr 1500 ýilik rulastaryn tik kóterip, Altayda әreket bastady. 1903 jyly Tiybetting Naqsha audanyna kelgendeTiybetting biyik tauly tabighatyna kóndige almay jәne aua azdyghynan payda bolghan “ys” auruyna shaldyghyp qaytys boldy. Mine onyng salghan kósh joly Altay qazaqtarynda anyz bolyp aitylyp 1930- jyldaragha deyin keldi.

Altay, Barkól ónirindegi barlyq qazaqtar siyaqty Bóke batyr býligin Zayyp Tәiji de jaqsy biletin. Gomindang basqarghan Shynjandaghy shyrghalang tausylady, zorlyq-qorlyq basylady deytin ýmit joq. Sondyqtan ol da óz qauym- halqyn bastap, tauqymetti kósh jolyna týsti. Tiybetke kelgende Zayyp Tәiji de daua qonbas dertke shaldyghyp  qaytys boldy. Demek, búl kósemning taghdyry da Bóke batyr taghdyry siyaqty tiyanaqtaldy. Bir shýkirligi — kósh kidirmey, әri qaray jalghasa berdi. Kóshting endigi tizginin Elishan Tәiji men Ospan Zayypúly qolgha alyp, ony Týrkiyagha deyin jetkizdi.

Qazaqtargha qysym jasaghan gubernator Shyn-Shiy-Saydyng biylikke kelui

Shynjang HIH-ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Qytay jәne Resey imperiyalarynyng «bólip alyp, biyley beruge» jantalasa kirisken ólkesi boldy. Eki memleketting shekarasy Shynjannyng batys bóliginde toqaylasty. Búl shekara Qytay men Reseyding 1860 jyly Pekinde jýrgizgen kelissózi jәne 1864 jyly Shәueshek hattamasy (protokoly) arqyly belgilendi.

Osy kelisimderge sәikes Shynjangha Qytaydyng Mәnju ýkimeti sayasy biylik jýrgize bastady. Biraq, 1911 jyly Pekinde Suni Yatsenning burjuaziyalyq-demokratiyalyq tónkerisi búrq ete qaldy da, ol respublika qúrumen tyndy. Búl jaghday Shynjandy ortalyqtan bólip әketu kózqarastaryn tughyzdy. Ile aimaghynda derbes ókimet qúryla bastady. Týrki halyqtarmen bir mezgilde Qúmyldaghy basqa músylman halyqtar da ortalyq ezgige qarsy tu kóterip shyqty. Ólkeni tútas qamtyghan jalpy halyqtyq búl qimyldy Resey de barynsha paydalanyp qalugha tyrysyp baqty.

Pekinning respublikalyq rejiymi ólkening bas uәliyligine (general-gubernatorlyqqa) Yan-Zyn-Shindi úsynyp otyryp aldy. Keyin Ýrimji qalasynyng uәlii bolghan Yan-Ziyn-Shin halyqqa ózin jaqsy kórsetuge tyrysty. El ishinegi keybir ala-qúla jaghdaydy paydalana otyryp, Ile kóterilisshilermen bir kelissóz ótkizuding retin keltirdi. Qúmyl dýrbeleni birjaqty bola qoymady, osy qym-quyt hal, aqyry, ólkede Gomindang әkimshiligin qayta saqtap qalugha alyp keldi. Sayqal sayasatker, әkki әkim Yan-Zyn-Shin ózining basty baghdarynda jergilikti “Halyqqa qiyanat jasalmaydy. Olardy týrmystyq tyghyryqtan alyp shyghatyn zkonomikalyq sharalar jýzege asyrylady” degen sózdermey aldarqatty.

Sirә, orystar jaghynan boldy-au degen qastandyqpen 1928 jyly Yan-Zyn-Shin atyp óltirildi. Onyng ornyna Jyn-Shoryn ózin ózi ólke ómirshisi etip jariyalady. Biraq, Jyn-Shoryn dәuiri de dýrildep kete qoymady, kerisinshe, Shynjanda zúlymdyqtyng barynsha asqyndaghan kezeni boldy. Bolymsyz birdene ýshin adamdardy atyp, asyp eltiru, týrmege tygha salu siyaqty soyqandarmen halyqtyng zәre-qútyn úshyrdy. Ol az bolghanday Ortalyq ýkimet 1931 jyly Qytay bosqyndaryn Qúmyl aimaghyna әkep qonystandyrugha ómir týsirdi. Jergilikti halyqtyng jer-suyn solargha ýlestirip berdi. Jýrt narazylyghy qayta kýsheydi. Aqyry, Qúmyl halqy atqa qayta qonudyng orayyn kýtti. Mine osynday jaghdayda, qabaqta araqqa toyyp alghan bir qytay ofiyserining Qúmyldaghy bedeldi adam Salyq Dorghanyng qyzyn zorlap, tartyp әketkeni  jónindegi habar býlikting búrq ete qaluyna sebep boldy.

Kósh jetekshisi Elishannyng әkesi Álipting qiyn taghdyry

Qúmyl aimaghy uәliyining orynbasary Qojaniyaz bastaghan úighyrlar men Álip Tәiji men ZayypTәiji bastaghan qazaqtar ashumen atqa qondy. Tútqiyl bastalghan tegeurindi soqqygha tótep bere almaghan Gomindang әskerleri Qúmyldan qashyp shyghugha mәjbur boldy. Qúmyl qalasy endi jergilikti halyqtyng qolyna ótti. Biraq Shynjannyng jana biyleushisi — Jyn-Shoryn býlikshilerdi birjola qúrtyp tastau ýshin әskery kýshining kóbin osynda әkep tókti. Qala manyndaghy Jasanqyzyl degen jerde bolghan joyqyn shayqasta Álip batyr 80 jasaghymen birge shәiit boldy. Álipting inisi Qojaqyn men úly Elishan kekti shabuylgha qayta shyghyp, jaudy keri quyp tastady.

1933 jyldyng tamyz aiy kelgende Ile, Tarbaghatay, Ýrimshi aimaqtarynda Gomindang ýkimeti biylik jýrgizip túrdy. Qúmyl, Barkól, Nori, Shonjy, Sanjy, Altay, Qashqar, Aqsu, Qarashәr, Jarkent jәneHotan últtyq kýshterding qaramaghyna ótti. Biraq olardyng arasynda ýilestirushi bir ýiym bolmady. Tek Qarashәrdegi Sәbit Damolla ghana últtyq aimaqtardyng birtýtas «Shyghys Týrkistan Islam Respublikasy» tuynyng astynda biriktiru qamyn qarastyryp jýrgen edi.

Sonymen, býkil ólkesin qozghalys qamtyghan Shynjandy «kórkeytuge» baghyttalghan Jyn-Shoryn baghdarlamasy naghyz qúldyrau týsqa keldi. Jyn-Shoryn del-sal kýide qaldy. Aqyry Jyn-Shorynnyng bir armiyasynyng qolbasy Shyn-Shiy-Say 1933 jyldyng 14 mamyr kýni op-onay ýkimet basyna shygha kelli. Shyn-Shiy-Say da qazaqty bedeldi adamdaryng qamaugha alyp týrmege salyp joq qyludyng amaldaryn izdedi.

Kóshting bastaluy

Jaghdaydy aqyldasu ýshin Zayyp Tәiji 1935 jyly tamyz aiynda Qóisu degen jerde jinalys shaqyrdy. «Shyn-Shiy-Saygha qarsy shyqpay bolmaydy. Ghansu músylmandarynan kómek súrayyq» — dep kelisti. Jaugha kýdik tudyrmau ýshin jinalysqa elding ekinshi dәrejeli basshylaryn da shaqyrly.

Ýkimet әskerleri 1936 jyly kókek aiynda Qúmylgha joyqyn bir joryq jasady. Elishan men Qojaqyn basqarghan qazaq qoly búl shabuylgha Tasbúlaqta toytarys berdi. Solan bir apta keyin kytaylar әuekýshteri jәne zenbirekpen sýiemellengen ekinshi shabuylyn jasady. Elishan bastaghan qazaqtar dýshpanmen Sholpan Qúdyq degen jerde aiqasty. Súrapyl aiqas ýsh kýnge sozyldy. Zenbirek qansha zirkildese de jau jaghy ilgeriley almady. Tórtinshi kýni olargha orys úshaqtary kómekke kelip, kóterilisshilerdi tóbeden tómpeshtedi. Úshaq, bomba degendi búryn kormegen kóterilisshiler ýreylenip qaldy. Sonan song Elishan jasaqtaryn ormangha shegerip әketti. Nege ekeni belgisiz, qytaylar da ónmendemey, keyin qaytty...

Barkól men ainalasyndaghy qazaqtardyng Ghansugha kóshui Altay aimaghy qazaqtaryn da dýr silkintti. Shyn-Shiy-Saydyn qandy tyrnaghy búl tústa olargha tipti qatty batyp týrghan-tyn. Tútqyndalmaghan basshy, jazalanbaghan qazaq qalmaghan. Soghan oray olar da Shyn-Shiy-Saygha qarsy tu kóterip shyqty. Kóterilisshiler jaugha qarsy alghashqy soqqyny Bәitik bókterinde berdi. Erteninde Mongholiyanyng shekara әskerlerine arqa sýiep, qytaylar qayta shabuyldady. Qaruy әlsiz, sany az qazaq búl joly taugha yghysyp ketti. Gomindang qoldarynyng endi olardy Altay ayasynda tynysh qoymaytynyn bilgen auyldar Barkólge qaray bosyp berdi. Barkólge kelgende qytay әskerleri taghy da qorshaugha aldy. Búl shenberdi búzyp shygha almaytyn bolghasyn, kelisip, attary men qarularyn tapsyru shartyna eriksiz kóndi.

1937 jyly qarasha aiynda Núrghaly baydyn ýiinde Áyimbet, Qúsayyn Tәiji, Súltanshәripter bas qosyp, qazirgi hal-ahualgha boljau jasady. Múny bilip qalghan ýkimet әskerleri býgin týnde-aq bassalatyny turaly habar jetti. Osyghan baylanysty tyghuly myltyqtyng bәrin shygharyp, múqiyat dayyndyq jasaldy. Týn ortasynda tarpa bassalghan jaugha búlar da týtqiyl qarsy soqqy berdi de ýdere kóship jóneldi. Erteninde tanerteng kóshti úshaqpen quyp jetip, tómpeshtep ala jóneldi. Kóterilisshiler taugha baryp tasalandy.

Qughyndy qaytaryp, qan tóge otyryp, Ghansuge búlar da ótip shyqty. Elishan, Zayyp qauymy búlardy Úiyrqyn-Yrqa qalasynyng kire berisinde qarsy aldy. Bosqan bauyrlardyng bógde jerdegi búl tabysuy qisapsyz quanyshty boldy. Sóitip, aspan astynan azat ónir izdegen Barkól, Qúmyl, Altay qazaqtary Úiyrqyn-Yrqagha jinalyp, shoghyrlana berdi.

Qazaqtardyng Ghansugha kóshui

1937 jyldyng sonyna tayau Elishan Tәiji general Ma-Bu-Fanmen kezdesu ýshin Shynhaygha barmaq boldy. Músylmansha aty Mýhammed Húsayyn dep atalatyn Ma-Bu-Fang (1949 jyly Mao Szedunnyng tónkerisinen keyin Saud Arabiyasyna qonys audardy. 1975 jyly sonda óldi.) Shynhay aimaghynyng uәlii edi. Nemere tuysy Kәsiling Shynjanda joghalyp ketkesin Ghansudy da qosa biylep túratyn. Bastypqyda Gansuda ómir tynysh bolghanmen, keyin tynyshtyq búl jerde de búzyla bastaydy. Qazaqtar túratyn aimaqtyng komendanty Ma-Lu-Jan ólke bastyghy Ma-Bu-Fannyn aitqanyn tyndamay, qazaqtargha qorlyq kórsete bastaydy.

Qazaqtardyng dýngen әskerin qyryp saluy

Búghan tózbegen qazaqtar Elishan basshylyghynda 1939 jyly mausymda jolgha shyqty. Bosqyn tobyrdyng búl «erkindigine» Ortalyq ashu shaqyrdy. General Ma-Bu-Fang polkovnik Ma-Lu-Jandy ókil etip, Elishandy qaytaryp әkeluge jýmsady. Elishan tobynyng tilge kónbeytinin, shayqasudan da tayynbaytynyn bilgen Ma-Lu-Jang Dolashanda túryp jatqan qazaqtardyng birneshe basshysyn ertip aldy. Kóshti Altynshoqyda quyp jetti de, olargha eng aldymen qazaqtardy jiberli. «Ghansugha qaytyp, Úiyrqyn-Yrqasynda túra bersin, mal-mýlkine tiyisneymiz» — degen uәde ústatty. Atalastarynyng aqyldy adamdaryn jiberip otyrghasyn Elishan Tәiji olardyng meselin qaytarmay, Úiyrqyn-Yrqagha qayta kóshuge kóndi. Uәdening aty uәde. Ma-Lu-Jang ony qúran ústap túryp aitty. «Qaru-jaraqtaryndy da ótkize túryndar, meken-jaylaryna barghan song qaytaryp beremiz» dep te ant-su ishti.

Qaru tapsyryldy, kósh Úiyrqyn-Yrqagha qayta búryldy. Birneshe kýnnen keyin kósh Sәdim oipatyna kelip qondy. Berilgen uәdenin, qúran ýstaghan anttyng ótirigi osy jerde angharyldy. Elishan Tәiji, Qoyshy batyr, Idris muftiylerdi әlgi Ma-Lu-Jannyng ózi ýstap, kisenden tastady. Búlardan basqa taghy da 18 adamdy qamaqqa alugha, 4 adamnyng atylyp óltiriluine býiryq týsirdi. Ma-Lu-Jannyng qara niyeti qazaqtardy qoyday qyryp, Sәdimnyng sary dalasyna tastap ketu edi.

Qolbasynyng qúran ýstaghan antynan tangy onyng qol astynlaghy músylman әskerlerding namysyna tiyedi. Solardyng biri Elishannyng aghasy Qojaqyngha jaqynda tiri qazaqtyng bәrin qyryp tastaytynyn aityp qoyady. Qojaqyn joldastaryn tez jnnap, aqyldasady. Soyyl-shoqpar, balta-kýrek deysing be, qoldaryna ne týsse sonymen qarulanyn, Ma-Lu-Jang jendetterine týn ortasynda, shyrt úiqyda jatqanda tap berip, jaypap tastaugha kelisedi. Bir top jigit Ma-Lu-Jannyng shatyryn bas salyp, tapap tastaydy da, endi bir toby kisendeuli Elishan jatqap shatyrdy jaryp, qútqaryp alady. Ashulanghan azamattar eshbir qaymyqpay Ma-Lu-Jandy da, onyng jendetterin de qyryp tastaydy. Elishan Tәiji men Idris mýfty aman qalady da Qoyshy batyr jaghalasyp jýrip, shәiit bolady. Ayqasta jan qighandar jerlengen son, el bas-ayaghyn jinap, ýdere kóship jónep beredi.

Ma-Lu-Jandy әskerimen qosa qyryp, qazaqtardyng qashyp ketkenin estigen dýngen Ordasy jyndanyp kete jazdaydy. Olardyng qua jasaghan shabuylyna bir ret toytarys beredi de, kósh әiteuir, Altynshoqygha ilinedi. Dýngen jasaghy qaytyp baryp, mәn-jәidy ólke bastyghyna bayan etedi. Búl oqighadan song qazaqtardyn Ghansu tóniregine túra almaytyny aiqyn bolady.

Tiybettegi qiynshylyqtar

Altypshoqyda birer ay es jighan song Elishannyng eli Tiybetke qaray bet týzeydi. Qarasha aiynda Tiybetting shekaradaghy qalasy Naqshagha kelip jetedi. Elishan Tәiji tiybettikterge ótinish jazyp, qonys súraydy. Olar búl jaydy Lhasadaghy Dalay Lamagha, Ortalyq ýkimetke habarlaytynyn, sopyng jauabyn kýtuleri kerek ekenin aitady.

Tiybetting qatal tabighatynda, Gimalaydyng shyn- qúzdary men shatqaldarynan jol tauyp jýru qiynnyng qnyny. Úshy-qiyrsyz qarly adyrlardan malgha óris, adamgha azyq tabylmaydy, týp-týgel mýz qúrsaghan әlem. Ólgenderdi kóme almaysyn. Qara jerdi jarty qarys qazugha kýsh jetpeydi. Jer qatty suyqtan múýzdap jartas syyaqty bolghan. Jer qazyp emes, tas qashap jatqandaysyn.

Osydan tozaq azabyn tartyp jýrgen bosqyndardy odan әri jýdetip bir jaysyz habar jetti. Kósh kósemi Zayyp Tәiji daua qonbas “ys” degen “tau” dertine shaldyghypty. Kýrkesinde kýizelip jatqan jaryqtyq ósiyet qaldyru ýshin jamaghattaryn jnnap alady. Mynau kóshti kózdegen jerge jetkize almay, Bóke batyr siyaqty jolda qaldyryp bara jatqanyna ekinedi. «Zayyp óldi, basshysyz qaldyq dep Bókening jigitteri siyaqty keri qaytpandar, yntymaqtaryndy búrynghydan da nyghaytyp, búrynghydan da bekinip, kóshti jalghastyra berinder» — deydi. El-jýrty men joldastaryna Elishan men Ospannyng sonynan erinder dep tapsyrady. Odan әri qarulas dostarymen qysqa-qysqa qoshtasady da 61 jastaghy erjýrek jetekshi, qaysar qayratker qas qaraya tynysy toqtap, qaytpas sapargha jýrip ketedi.

Qazaqtardyng Ýndistangha jetui

Kósh Ýndi jerining Ladaq qalasyna kelip týsti. Biraq, qiyndyq pen qyrsyq artta qalyp qoymapty. Kóldenendegen kesapat, boy bermes bóget kezige ketti. Tabanynda kóbiktengen asau ózen aghyp jatqan, eki beti tip-tik, qúz-jartasty Kәrgil ótkeli bar edi. Ony at, týiemen kóship-qonu mýmkin bolmady. Sodan baryp, sonau Kúmyl, Barkólden beri qazaqtardyng qasiretin ózderimen qosa arqasynda kóterip kele jatqan at pen týieni satyp, tau-tasqa beyim qashyr satyp alugha tura keldi. Orghyghan arghymaqtan týsip, tipyndaghan qashyrgha mingen qazaqtardyng enseleri basylyp ketti. Basqa shara joq. Sóitip qorlanyp, zorlana jýrip Kәrgilden ótip, әueli Kәshmirge, odan Haydarabatqa jetti.

E... Ashtyq pen auru búl jerde de aldarynan shyghady. Lageri әkimshiligine ókpe joq. Teq oba men sýzekten kýn sayyn onshaqty adam óledi. Sol obadan Qojaqyn batyr da qaytys bolady.

Bir kýni, Osman imperiyasynyng songhy halifasy — Ábdimәjitting qyzy Dýrrihshehvar Súltangha ýilengen, Haydarabad qalasynyng nizamy Mir Osman Han kelip, lauazymdy adamdargha sóz arnady. «Músylmangha qamqor bolyndar. Ýy berinder, jýmysqa paydalanyndar»,- dedi, Haydarabad ólkening eng ystyq jeri. Ashyq aspan astynda ol ystyqqa tózu mýmkin emes edi.

Bishara bosqyndargha jany ashyghan Bopal nizamy Hamidolla Han olardy basqa jerge auystyrugha tikeley kómektesti. Haydarabadqa qaraghanda kóghaldy, orman-toghayly Bopal tóniregi әldeqayda jaqsy edi. Ospan Tәiji 500 kisilik auylyn alyp, Bopaldyng Matar audanyna baryp ornalasty. Búl da jer jannaty emes eken. Jylan-shayan, qúrt-qúmyrsqa siyaqty uly jóndikterining kóptigi óz aldyna, kýni-týni shelektep qúyatyn janbyry kóz ashtyrmaydy. Saghat sayyn sel jýredi. Qalyng nóserden sharua qamdau qayda? Qazaqtar endi Matardan beze bastady.

Mәn-jay Hamidolla Hangha bayandaldy. Han búl joly Bopal qalasynyng irgesindegi bir mahallany bosatyp berdi. Osy mahalla keyin «Qazaqabad» — dep atalady.

Bosqyndardyng basqa toptary Lahor, Peshavar, Ravalpindi, Taksila siyaqty qalalardy jaghalap, sauda-sattyqpen ainalysa bastady.

Tirshilik sonynda tyrbanyp jýrgen qazaqtar ýshin 1943 jyl qaraly jyl boldy. Úlan kóshting ýly basshysy qaharman qayratker Elishan Tәiji Dernevab degen jerde 36 jasynda qaytys boldy. Jas basshy, kókórim kosemin otandastary kól bolyp aqqan kóz jasymen jerledi.

Ómir Ýndisghanda osylay ótip jatty. Elishan qazasynan song da tórt-bes jyl ótip ketti. Jaltaq qazaqtar jat jerge kóndige bastady. Aytayyn degenderin úqtyra alarlyq til de ýirendi.

Búl týsta Ýndistan ekige bólinip, músylmandardan Pәkstan Respublikasy qúrylyp jatqan. Músylman bolghandyghy ýshin qazaqtar Pәkstan tarapynda boldy. Jana qúrylghan Pәkstan memleketinde qazaqtardyng da mәlim dәrejede orny boldy.

Otan saghynyshy qazaqtardy qatty sarghaytty. Qara kýshten qansyrap jatqan Shynjandaghy jer jannaty Altay men Barkólge qayta oraludan endi ýmit joq. Átten, týrki, әlde basqa bir tuysy jaqyn músylman eli bolsa ghoy!... Onday el bar, ol — Týrkiya. Áriyne, Pәkstan da músylman memleketi. Onyng qúrylghanynyng basy-qasynda bolghan qazaqtardyng onda túra beruge erki de bar, tek tili, mәdeniyeti alshaq. Pәkstanda qala berse, keler ýrpaq qazaqtyghynan da, tilinen de aiyrylady. Jyldar boyy júlqylasqan kýres, teqken qan, shekken beynet bosqa ketedi. Qúday-au, ana Elishan, Zayyptardyng aruaqtaryn riza etu ýshin de keler úrpaq boyynda dinge senimin, últgyq sezimin saqtap qaluymyz, әdet-ghúrpyn, mәdeniyetin, ruhany әlemin ýmyttyrmauymyz kerek emes pe?! Onyng bir ghana joly —Týrkiyagha jetu, sonda túru. Sol ýshin qazaqtar bir jennen qol, bir jaghadan bas shygharyp úiymdasyy “Shyghys Týrkistan Qazaq bosqyndar qoghamyn” qúrdy.

Ospan Batyr Islәmúly

Búl arada Elishan men Zayyp Teyji elden ketkennen keyin bastalaghan ekinshi dýrbeleng jәne artynsha qozghalatyn ekinshi kósh turaly sóz qozghayyq. Qaliybek, Qúsayyn, Súltan Shәrip, Dәlelhan jәne Núrghojay syndy jetekshilerding bastauynda Týrkiyagha jetetin búl kóshting eng manyzdy túlghasy әriyne Ospan batyr. Ol shetelderdegi kitaptargha “Qazaqtyng altyn anyzy” degen sipatqa ie boldy.

Jalpy, Ospan batyr jayly búghan deyin shetelderde kóptegen shygharmalar jazyldy. Batyrdyng kýreskerlik danqy turaly dastandar ómirge keldi. Europalyq ghalym Linda Benson qaharman atamyz jayly «Qazaqtyng altyn anyzy» deytin kólemdi enbek jazypty. Onda: «Ospan batyr – ózining búrynghy ótken babalary Shynghys han, Ámir-Temirler siyaqty asa qúdiretti qolbasshy. Eger ol orta ghasyrda ómir sýrgen bolsa, sózsiz әlemdi jaulaytyn jihanger bolar edi» depti.

Sol siyaqty aghylshyn ghalymy Godfry Lias ózining «Kazakh Exodus» atty kólemdi enbeginde Altay qazaqtarynyng kóterilisi jәne Ospan batyrdyng erligi jayly tamasha tanymdyq dýniyeler jazyp, kýlli «túmandy alibion» elin qúlaghdar etken eken.

Odan basqa 1954-55 jyldary amerikalyq jurnalist Militon Dj. Klark Kashmirge kelip qonystanghan qazaqtardyng ortasynda bir jyl bolyp, Altayda ótken kóterilisting tarihy jayly AQSh-tyng baspasózderine kóp serialdy maqalalar jazghan. Sonyng arqasynda búndaghy qazaqtardy Týrkiyanyng kóshirip aluyna múryndyq bolghan.  Keyin1960 jyly Ospan batyr turaly týrik aqyny Gemol Oghyz Okal kólemdi dastan jazypty.

Býkil qazaqtyng kósemi Álihan men Ahmet

Tarih ýshin reti kelgen aita ketken jón bolar. Ospan batyr jәne odan aldynghy Yryshan – Esimhan kóterilisine qatysqan jәne 1952 jyly tiri Týrkiyagha jetken Núrghojay batyrdyng esteliginde Alash kósemderi Álihan Bókeyhan jәne Ahmet Baytúrsynnyng tek Qazaqstan emes, býkil qazaq halqynyng kósemderi ekenin kórsetken bir faktiyni ortagha salady. Ospan Batyrdyng kóterilis kezinde qasynda bolghan toghyz komissarynyng barlyghy shәiit bolyp, solardyng ishinde tiri qalghan dara qolbasshy Núrghojay batyr bolghan. Onyng tóte jazumen jazylghan esteligin biz Ystambúl Zeytinbúryn audanynda túratyn Núrghojay batyrdyng zayyby, apamyz Jaqsyhannan súrap alyp 2008 jyly Almatyda “Azattyqtyng óshpes ruhy” degen atpen jaryqqa shygharghan edik.

Núrghojay batyr sol estelikterinde ózining Ospan batyr qozghalysyndaghy ornyn bylay dep atap ótedi:

“Men en birinshi ret, Ospan ishinde, qúrylghan toghyz komissardyn, yaghny toghyz polkovnikting biri edim. En jogharghy askery qolbasshy Súlubay batyr shәiit bolghannan keyin barlyq әskery qúqyq Kәmel batyr ekeuimizding qolymyzda boldy. Al Kәmel batyr shәiit bolghannan keyin barlyq askery soghys qimyldardyy negizinen men bastap otyrdym.”

1912 jyly Altayda tuylghan jәne órt alyp jalyndap jatqan kiyiz ýige irkilmesten kirip anasy men qaryndasyn alyp shyqqany ýshin 11 jasta bala kezinde batyr atanghan Núrghojay 1940 jyly Kóktoghayda Yryshan – Esimhandardyng jetekshiliginde kóterilisting de ishinde boldy. Sol kezdegi kórgen bilgen uaqighalaryn estelikterinde egjey-tegjeyli bayandaydy. Osy kóterilister nәtiyjesine Qytay gubernatory Shyng Shy Say qazaqtardyng talaptaryn qabyldaghannan keyin toqtam jasalyp, qarular tabys etildi. Biraq Ospan batyr osy toqtamnyn sharttaryn zalym gubernatordyng oryndalmaytynyn sezgendikten, qaruyn tapsyrmay taugha shyghyp ketti. Sonda Ospan batyrgha alghash qosylghandardyng biri Núrghojay Batyr edi. Núrghojay batyr 1951 jyly Ospan batyr jau qolyna týskenge deyin onyng qasynda qolbasshylyq qyzmette jýrdi. Týrkiyanyng Ystambúl qalasynda 1986 jyly, 29 qazanda 74 jasta dýnie saldy.

Núrghojay batyr estelikterinde  Alash kósemderining tek Qazaqstanda emes, Qytay qazaqtarynyng da sayasy basshy retinde kóretindikterin myna sózdermen ortagha saluda:

“Orys generaly Bankeni on adamymen onashada atyp tastadyq. Songhy Yshqynty shayqasynda  General Razborov óltirildi. Songhy bitimde orystar generaldarynyng basyn súrady. General Bankening sýiegin berdik. Razborovtyng sýiegin bermedik. Óitkeni ol soghys qylmystysy edi. Kóktoghaydaghy orys elshilerine Yryshan: “Sender 1937 jyly Mәskeuge aparyp óltirgen Álihan Bókeyhan men Ahmet Baytúrsynyng basyn әkelip berinder” dedi.

Búl sóz sonymen tynyshtalyp qalghan edi... Bir kezde zalym Madarin Yryshangha “jaugha bitken kózin bar, daugha bitken sózin bar” degendey, Yryshan osy joly jaugha bitken kózining de, dauga bitken sózining de paydasyn kórsetti. Orystar generaldarynyng basyn súraghanda, oghan da Yryshan útymdy jauap taba bildi. Qazaqtyng en songhy kósemi Bókeyhannyng basyn súrady. Búl netken tabylghan jauap.”

Qyrdan qytay, oidan orys, mandaydan monghol shapty

1945 jyldan keyin Ospan batyrgha qarsy – janadan ornaghan Shyghys Týrkistan Respublikasynyng armiyasy, Kenes Odaghy tarapynan barghan әskerler, Mongholiyanyng arnauly bólimderi ýsh jaghynan tyqsyrdy. 1947 jylgha deyin 3 elding әskerimen alma-kezek soghysqan Ospan aldyrmay qoydy. Altay tauynyng qúlama qúzyna baryp bekingen qazaqtardyng 8 jastaghy balasynan bastap qolyna myltyq ústaugha jaraytyn qariyalaryna deyin soghysty.

1947 jyly Ospan sarbazdary kýlli Altay aimaghyna shabuyl jasap, Shyghys Týrkistan jәne Kenes Odaghynyng әskerlerin quyp shyqty. Sasqalaqtaghan әskeriyler Qazaqstannyng shekarasyn asyp qashty. Osylay ekinshi ret Altaydy azat etken Ospan sarbazdary búl jerde kóp túraqtay almady. Sebebi, 1949 jyly qazirgi kommunist Qytay ýkimeti ornap, oghan Kenes eli qosylyp, asa iri kýshpen Ospandy Altaydan yghystyrdy. Ospan bolsa ózining búrynghy ata jauy gomindandyqtarmen biriguge mәjbýr boldy.

1951 jyldyng basynda eriksiz yghysyp, Tiybet shekarasyndaghy Qanambal tauyna barghan song birge jýrgen serikterin Ýndistangha asyryp jiberip, ózi qasynda qalghan az ghana әskerin bastap qayta búrylady. «Jattyng jerinde tiri jýrgenshe, tughan topyraqta sýiegim qalsyn!» dep bekingen Ospan batyr aqyry osy jyly qolgha týsip, Ýrimji qalasynda atyldy.

Eki qazaq kóshining birigui

Biraq onyng ýzengiles serikteri búghau astynda emes, erkindikke ómir sýru ýshin elden kóshuge mәjbýr boldy. Sóitip olar ózderinen búryn jýrip ótken Elishan men Zayip Teyjining kósh jolyn quyp otyryp, әriyne búl arada jau әskeri men tabighattyng qiyndyqtarymen kýresip qúrbandar bere otyryp 1950 jyly Ýndistannyng Kәshmir qalasyna jetti.

Olardan on jyl aldyn Ýndistangha kelgen qazaqtar 1940 jyly Ospan bastaghan qaruly kýresterden beyhabar edi. Onyng joldastarynyng úly kóshti bastap Ýndistangha kelgen 1950 jyly Pәkstan gәzetterinde oryn alghan bir aqparattardan bildi. Búl habar Pәkstan qazaqtar arasynda tolqu men tebireniske týrtki boldy. «ShyghysTýrkisghannyng aughan qazaqtardyng birneshe toby Kәshmirge keldi» degen habar gazet betterinde oryn alyp jatsa da, biraq, búl qazaqtardyng kimder ekeni turaly mәlimet berilmedi. Múndaghy aghayyndar mәn-jaydy bile almay alty ay alasúrdy. Sóitip jýrgende Haydarabadta túratyn Ydyrys Molladan hat keldi. Onda «Súltanshәrip, Qúsayyn Tәiji, Dәlelhan Janymhanúly, Qaliybek Hakimder bastaghan qazaqtar keldi», —delinipti.

Idyrys molla arqyly dereu atalghan qazaq kósemderimen baylanys jasaldy. Ýndistan men Pәkstanda túratyn tuystarynyng ahualdary mәlimdeldi. “Shyghys Týrkistan Qazaq bosqyndar qoghamyn qúrdyq, Týrkiyagha kәshuding qamyn oilastyryp jatyrmyz”, - delindi. Týrkiya mәselesin olardyng da oilastyrulary kerektigi súraldy.

Qazaqtardyng Týrkiyagha qabyldanuy

Osyghan oray Kәshmirge jana kelgen qazaqtar men búryn kelgen qazaqtar syyaqty Ýndistannyng Jana Dely qalasyndaghy Týrkiya elshiligine ótinish hattaryn berdi. Týrkiyanyng Basministr Menderes jetekshiligindegi ýkimeti 1952 jyly 13 nauryzda arnayy qauly qabyldady. Preziydent Jәlel Bayar bekitken sol qauly boyynsha Pәkstan, Ýndistan, Kәshmirdegi qazaq bosqyndar Týrkiyagha qabyldandy.

Osydan keyin bosqyndar top top bolyp Týrkiyagha qonys audara bastady. 1952 jyly shilde aiynda Týrkiya topyraghyna týnghysh tabanyn tiygizgen Qúsayyn Tәiji bastaghan top boldy.

Sonau Altaydyng kýn betineng 1930- jyldary bostandyq izdep kóterilgen kóshting alghashqy sanyn eshkim anyq bilmeydi. Osy orayda 18 mynnan  50 myngha deyingi aralyqta týrli sandar keltiriledi. Jýrt biletin anyq san — Altaydan Týrkiyagha aman jetken qazaqtardyng sany. Ol — 1850 adam. Sonda azattyq ýshin arpalysqan on qazaqtyng eng kóp degende biri ghana armanyna jetken ghoy! Erkin ómir sýru, qazaqtyq qalpyn saqtau, músylmanshylyghyn jalghastyru ýshin on myndaghan adam qúrban bolghan.

Týrkiya Ýkimetining ýigharuy boyynsha kóshpendi qazaqtar elding birtalay ónirine- bytyrap ornalasty. Nigde-Ýlyqyshlagha 160 ýi, Nigde-Aqsaraygha — 60 ýi, Qaysary-Develiyge 75 ýi, Qaysary-Yahiyalagha — 15 ýi, Qaysary-Jasylhisargha — 25 uy, Koniya-Ismilge — 60 ýi, Koniya-Ereglisiyge — 15 ýi, Manisa-Salihligha — 180 ýy ornalastyryldy. Týrkiyanyng jaghdayynda beyimdelgen qazaqtar 1950 jyldyng sonynan bastap Ystambúlgha shoghyrlana bastady.

Týiin

Shýkir, qúdaygha shýkir! Bóke batyrdyng kóshi siyaqty kóp qazaq kýnirenip jolda qalmay, keyingi qazaq kóshteri kózdegen jerine jetti. Búl týrki tarihy, tipti әlem tariqynda ghúndar, kóktýrikter, qypshaqtardyng attyly jayau shyghystan batysqa qaray san ghysyrlar boyy jasaghan tarihy kóshterining eng songhysy retinde ótti. HH- ghasyrda qazaqtan basqa eshbir halyq erkindik jәne bostandyq ýshin aqyry beymәlim osy kóshke bara almas edi. Búl qazaq halqynyng jasy kerisi, erkegi әieli, bala-shaghasy demey barlyghynyng erkindikke degen zor qúshtarlyghynyng dәleli. Býkil qazaqtardyng eng ýlken quanyshy әriyne atameken Qazaqstannyng 1991 jyly, 16 jeltoqsan kýni tәuelsizdigin jariyalauy edi. Qazaq halqynda býgingi tanda búdan ýlken quanysh, búdan ýlken toy, búdan ýlken meyram joq. Óitkeni qazaq halqy ýshin tәuelsizdik pen erkindik jannan qymbat qúndylyqtar!

Ábdiuaqap Qara

Tarih ghylymynyng doktory, Mimar Sinan kórkem

óner uniyversiytetining professory

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