Baqytjan Satershinov,

Filosofiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor:

Baqytjan Satershinov,

Filosofiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor:

Jiyrmasynshy jýzjyldyqta qoghamdyq sananyng barlyq qyrlaryn tarihshyldyqtyn, yaghny sananyng tarihilanuynyng jaulap alghany sonshalyq, dauly da kýrdeli mәselelerimen erekshelenetin tarih filosofiyasy qyzu pikirtalastardyng ózegine ainaldy. Óitkeni qazirgi zamannyng óz boyyna әleumettik jadymen sipattalatyn ótken shaqty da, bolashaqty baghdarlaumen týsindiriletin keler shaqty da engizetin osy shaqty bildiretini sanagha sindi. Mәueli aghashtyng terenge boylap, qúnarly topyraqtan nәr alatyn tamyrynsyz japyraq jayyp kógermeytini siyaqty, jemis bermeytini siyaqty qazirgi zaman da ótkenning tarihynan taghylym alyp, sabaqtastyghyn saqtamasa keleshekten kýder ýzeri sózsiz. Onyng ýstine, qazirgi әlemde qalyptasqan әleumettik-mәdeny ahual, adamnyng mentalidyq bolmysynyng damuyndaghy qayshylyqtar, ruhany damudaghy kelensiz qúbylystar, sonday-aq jahandyq qarjylyq, ekonomikalyq daghdarystyng astarynan qoghamdyq ómirding barlyq salalaryn qamtyghan ruhany toqyraudyng boy kórsetui – osy ýderisterding barlyghy adamzat damuynyng keleshegin boljaugha qatysty ghana emes, onyng tarihyna, tarihy sanasy men tarihy qúndylyqtaryna qatysty da zertteulerge degen qyzyghushylyqty tudyrady. Býgingi jaghday qoghamdyq dengeydegi bolsyn nemese jeke túlghalyq dengeydegi bolsyn, arnauly ghylymy nemese búqaralyq sanadaghy bolsyn tarihy sananyng mәni men manyzyn, onyng mazmúny men qúrylymyn, qalyptasu tetikteri men qyzmet etu zandylyqtaryn teoriyalyq túrghyda ashyp kórsetudi qajet etedi. Tarihy sana – búl býgingi úrpaqtyng әleumettik jady. Áleumettik jady formasy jaghynan әmbebap jәne mazmúny jaghynan naqty bolyp keledi. Sondyqtan da tarihy sana qashanda naqty- tarihi, әleumettik, últtyq jәne individualdyq mazmúnmen tol- tyrylady. Qazirgi kezende әleumettik jadynyng ýsh dengeyinde de – jahandyq dengeyinde, últtyq dengeyde jәne jeke túlghalyq dәrejede týbirli ózgerister bolyp jatyr: adamdyq individualdyq dengeyde antropologiyalyq tónkeris oryn aldy, әleumettik nemese etnostyq dengeyde últtyq sana-sezimning búryn-sondy bolmaghan dýmpui bayqaldy, al jalpyadamzattyq dengeyde aqparattyq jahandanu ýderisin bastan keship otyrmyz. Búl ózgerister, óz kezeginde tarihy sana mәselesin kýn tәrtibining aldynghy qataryna shygharyp otyr. Áleumettik-mәdeny espen sipattalatyn tarihy jady nemese tarihy sana neghúrlym tereng bolghan sayyn adam da, tútastay alghanda qogham da ruhany bay bo- lady. Býgingini týsinu men bolashaqty boljau ýshin ótkendi bilu tarihy bilimning negizgi arqalaytyn jýgi ekendigi ras. Al tarihy bilim beruding maqsaty jan-jaqty damyghan túlghanyng oilau mәdeniyetining qajetti komponenti retindegi tarihy sananyng elementterin adam boyynda qalyptastyrumen úshtasyp jatady. Tarihy erudisiya – búl túlghanyng ruhany baylyghy. Aldynghy buynnyng jinaqtaghan әleumettik-mәdeny tәjiriybesine terenirek engen sayyn qazirgi adamnyng ómirlik jәne azamattyq ústanymy da aiqyndala týsedi. Tarihy bilim adamnyng ghylymy dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasuyna, onyng boyynda adamgershilik múrattardyng egiluine yqpal etedi. Otangha degen sýiispenshilik, onyng ótkeni men býginin maqtan tútu patriotizm dep atalatyn sezimderding qúiylysyn tudyrady. Birneshe ghasyrlardy qamtyghan otarshyldyq nәtiyjesindegi ruhany kýizelisten keyin tәuelsizdigine qol jetkizgenine jiyrma jyl endi tolyp otyrghan Qazaqstannyng qazirgi jaghdayynda últtyq biregeylik pen mәdeny tútastyqty qalyptastyru eng kókeytesti mәselening biri bolyp otyr. Barlyq izgi ruhany belsendilikter basylyp qalatyn jaghdaydan shyghyp, shynayy erkindikke qol jetkizu qazirgi jahandastyrudyng qatang bәsekelestigi jaghdayynda sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq derbestikpen qatar, ruhany tәuelsizdikke ie boludy da qajet etedi. Búl ýshin zamana aghymyna layyqty syrttan engizilgen songhy, biraq barlyq ruhanilyqtan júrday jalang tehnologiyalardy engizu jetkiliksiz, mәngýrttik jәne marginaldyq jaghdaydan arylu ýshin últ tәrizdi kýrdeli jýiening qalypty ómir- qamyn qamtamasyz etetin tóltuma tarih pen mәdeniyetting ózegin qúraytyn últtyq dýniyetanymdy, ruhany qaynarlardy qayta qalpyna keltiru arqyly qoghamnyng ózindik tarihy sanasyn qalyptastyru kerek. Tarih ótken shaqpen, adamy jadymen jәne әleumettik espen baylanysty bolghandyqtan, búghan tól tarihty tanu arqyly qol jetkizuge bolady. Yaghny últtyq mәdeniyetting negizin qúraytyn irgeli qúndylyqtardy – adamdardy ruhany túrghyda oyatatyn ana tili men dәstýrdi janghyrtumen qatar, halyqtyng tarihy ótkenin tolyghy- men, jan-jaqty zertteuler arqyly qalpyna keltiru, tarihy ózindik sanany qalyptastyru tәuelsizdikting ruhany túghyryn qúraydy. Kenes dәuirindegi jetpis jyl boyy halqymyzdyng ózine layyq tarihy túmshalanyp aitylmay kelgeni, aitylsa da sayasattyng ynghayyna qaray búrmalanyp, teris týsindirilip kelgeni belgili. Shynayy tarihy damudy týsindiru amaldary markstik-lenindik әdisnamagha say, tap kýresin tanumen sipattaldy. Kezinde tek euraziyalyq aimaqtyng damuyna ghana emes, әlemdik damugha da ózindik yqpalyn tiygizgen Qazaqstan men Ortalyq Aziyadaghy ýsh mynjyldyq kóshpeli mәdeniyet euroortalyqtyq kózqarastaghy әdebiyetterde alghashqy qauymdyq, jabayylyq retinde qarastyrylyp, últtyq tarihtaghy órkeniyettik, memlekettik dәstýr joqqa shygharyldy. Qoghamdyq jәne mәdeny damudyng batystyq ýlgiden týbirli aiyrmashylyqtary eskerilmedi. Qazaqstannyng Reseyge kiruining sebep-saldary asyra dәripteldi, onyng otarshyldyq sayasatynyng astarlary býrkemelendi. Qazaq halqynyng әleumettik jәne mәdeny tarihyna degen nigilistik kózqaras qalyptasty.

Osy sebepti tarihy әdilettilikti qalpyna keltirip, últtyq tarihy ózindik sanany týletu býgingi kýnning ózekti mәselelerining birine ainaldy jәne búl otandyq tarih ghylymyna ghana emes, filosofiyagha da zor mindetter jýkteydi. Kez kelgen qoghamdyq ghylymdardyng ózining payda boluy, qalyptasuy men damuy, yaghny tarihy bolatyndyqtan, olardyng irgetasyn qúraytyn tarih ghylymy búrmalaushylyqtan, ýrdisshildikten, búra tartushylyqtan, apologetikadan tazaryp, obektivti aighaqtar men dúrys hronologiyagha sýiengeni dúrys, al oghan filosofiya ghylymy ýnemi dýniyetanymdyq nәr berip otyruy tiyis. Adamdy әlemning ghylymy keskininen tysqa shygharyp jiberetin rasionaldylyqtyng klassikalyq tiypinen bas tartqan qazirgi ghylym integrasiyasy pәnaralyq sintezdi qajet etedi. Naqty tarihy aighaqtar men ghylymy mәlimetterge negizdele otyryp, tarihy ýderisterding damu qisyny men zandylyqtaryn tarih filosofiyasy zertteydi. Zertteu taqyryby meylinshe kýrdeli osy mәselemen ainalysatyn búl ghylym salasyna keler bolsaq, batystyq gumanitaristikamen salystyrghanda, keshegi kenestik jýiening de, bizding respublikamyzdyng da qoghamdyq ghylymdary kenjelep qalghany ras. Qazaqstandyq qoghamnyng әleumettik-mәdeny ómirinde tarihy  sanany janghyrtyp qalyptastyru tәrizdi manyzdy mindetti iske asyruda bizding memleketimiz birqatar manyzdy is-sharalardy atqardy. Qyzyl qyrghyn men jappay qughyn-sýrginning alpys jyldyghyna oray- lastyra otyryp, 1997 jyldyng «Qoghamdyq kelisim jәne sayasy qughyn sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu jyly» bolyp jariyalanuy, kelesi 1998 jyldyng «Halyq birligi men últtyq tarih jyly» dep ataluy, ghasyrlar toghysyndaghy 2000 jyldyng «Mәdeniyetti qoldau jyly» dep jariyalanuy, 2004 jyldan bastap «Mәdeny múra» memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng jýzege asyryluy nәtiyjesinde tarihy әdilet ýstemdik alyp, zerde janaryp, sana sauyqqanday boldy. Tól tarihymyzdy, eldik dәstýr, halyqtyq taghdyr-talayymyzdy tanyp bilude, eskertkish múraghattarymyzdy jinastyru men saraptauda biraz jetistikterge qol jetti. Jinaqtalghan mәdeny múra men ruhany qazynanyng dәnin tauyp, sólin sýzip últtyng kәdesine jaratu ziya- ly qauym men ghylymdargha jýkteletin sharua. Búl manyzdy da ózekti mәselege Qazaqstannyng elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng da qalam tartyp, kólemdi enbekter jazghany belgili, onyng ishinde «Tarih tolqynynda» kitabyn erek- she atap ótuge bolady. Búl enbekte halqymyzdyng tarihy ózindik sanasynyng erekshelikterine mynaday bagha berilgen: «Qazaq bolmysynyng kelesi bir ereksheligi – onyng tarihshyldyghy. Qara halyqtyng tarihtan habardarlyghy meylinshe joghary bolghan. Kerek deseniz, bilim instituttarynyng damyghan jýiesi bar býgingi kýnning ózin búrynghy qazaqtardyng sanasyndaghy jappay tarihshyldyqpen salystyrugha bolmaydy»  [1, 28 b.]. Biz búl enbekte qazaq halqynyng tarihy sanasynyng qalypta- suyn tәuelsizdik iydeyasymen baylanystyryp otyrmyz, óitkeni kez kelgen halyqtyng tarihy ózindik sanasyndaghy qatparly aqiqattarda tughan jerdi, ata mekendi nemese otandy jatjerlikterden qorghap, erkindikti saqtap qalugha qatysty tarihy uaqighalar mәngige oryn alyp qalady. Tәuelsizdik týsinigi әrbir halyq ýshin meylinshe qasterli úghym bolyp tabylady. Onyng taghlymy tereng astarlaryn tarihtyng qoynauy nan, ata-babamyzdyng ótkeninen, onyng san ghasyrlyq arma- nynan iz de gen jón. Sonau saq zamanynan nemese әlimsaqtan beri ata qonysty parsylardan, týrkilerding jujandardan qorghaudan, bertinde qazaq handyghynyng tútastyghyn saq taudan, onyng ishinde jongharlarmen, qoqandyq tar men, reseyliktermen bolghan shayqas- tardan osy tәuelsizdikke de gen úmtylysty bayqaymyz. Últ-azattyq kýres tarihynan bir Resey otarshyldyghynyng ózine qarsy 300-ge juyq kóterilister belgili. Aqy rynda «aqtaban shúbyryndydan» asyp týsken «qyzyl qyrghyndy» bastan keship baryp, ata-babamyzdyng ansaghan armany  HH ghasyrdyng sonynda jýzege asty. Ýstimizdegi jyldyng 28 qantarynda Aqordada Memleket bas- shysy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Qazaqstan Respublikasy Tәuelsizdigining 20 jyldyghyn ótkizu jóninde kenes ótkizdi. Sol jiynda Elbasy bylay dep atap ótti: «Joldauda men elimiz Tәuelsizdigining 20 jyldyghyn merekeleu mәselesin erekshe atap óttim. Tәuelsizdik – búl bizding basty baylyghymyz, bagha jetkizgisiz jetistigimiz. Jas elding tarihyndaghy jana dәuir shyntuaytynda ózining bastauyn Tәuelsizdikten alady. Jasampaz, senimdi jәne qarqyndy damu dәuirinen. Sondyqtan Tәuelsizdik mereytoyy erekshe mәnge iye». Elimiz ýshin óte manyzdy osy mәselening ózektiligin týsine otyryp, tarihy sana qalyptasuy men damuyn biz qazaq halqynyng tarihy men mәdeniyetining negizinde qarastyrudy jәne tarihy sana evolusiyasyndaghy tәuelsizdik iydeyasynyng ózegin kórsetip berudi maqsat túttyq. Búl ýshin aldymen tarihy sana mәselesining әlemdik jәne otandyq ghylymy әdebiyette qoyyluy men taldanuyn zerdeden ótkizip alghan jón. Jogharyda atap ótkendey, HH ghasyrda tabighy jәne әleumettik ómirde oryn alghan ghalamat ózgerister adamzattyng aldyna jahandyq mәselelerdi qoydy. Qoghamdyq damudaghy naqty tarihi, jahandyq jәne auqymdy tarihtyn, ashyq tarih pen jabyq tarihtyn, mikrotarih pen makrotarih araqatynastary, últtyq jәne taptyq mәselelerding qoyyluy men olardyng sheshilui, dәstýr men janashyldyqtyn, újymdyq es pen dara individualdyq jadynyn, teoriyalyq tarihy sana men búqaralyq sananyng araqatynastary mәseleleri gumanitarlyq ghylymnyng barlyq salalaryn qamtydy. Teoriyalyq tarihy oy damuyndaghy songhy onjyldyqtarda qalyptasqan búl ahual ghylymy әlemde «tarihnamalyq tónkeris» degen ataugha ie boldy. Búl úghymdy tarih filosofiyasy men әdisnamasyn tereng zerttegen orys zertteushisi M.A. Bargtyng engizgenin aita ketu kerek: «Tarih ghylymynyng ghylymy qoryndaghy býgingi kýni bolyp jatqan ózgeristerdi biz tarihnamalyq tónkeris dep atasaq, artyq aitpaymyz» [2, 45 b.]. Búl úghymnyng qazaqstandyq tarih ghylymynyng әdisnamasynda keninen taramaghanyna qaramastan, otandyq tarihy ghylymdaghy búrynghy kenestik sarynnyng saqtalghanyna qaramastan, tәuelsizdik alghannan keyingi tól tarihtyng aqtandaqtaryn ashudan, naqty tarihy mәselelerge qatysty әr aluan pikirlerdin, balamaly tarihtardyng aityluynan shygha otyryp, «tarihnamalyq tónkeris» úghymynyng qoghamdyq ómir men ghylymdaghy oryn alghan ózgeristerding mazmúnyn anyqtaytynyn angharugha bolady. Kenestik ghylymda qalyptasqan búl jana ahualdyng teoriyalyq nyshandary әleumettik zertteulerding mәselelerin taldaudaghy әrtýrli baghyttardan kórinedi: filosofiyalyq-әleumettanymdyq [3, 4], mәdeniyettanymdyq [5-7] jәne әdisnamalyq-tarihy [8-12]. Búl baghyttardyng songhysy tarih ghylymynyng әdistemelik mәselelerin taldau negizinde qalyptasty. Osy mәselelerdi songhy eki onjyldyqtar boyy, әsirese kenestik imperiyanyng ydyrauymen qalyptasqan dostastyq elderi kenistiginde, onyng ishinde qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizuimen belsendi týrde taldanuy әleumettik sharttylyq turaly, tarihy bilimning qyzmeti men maqsaty turaly mәselelerdi keninen qoyyp, ony tarihy tanymgha degen gnoseologiyalyq tәsilding shenberinen tysqa alyp shyqty. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde «tarihy sana» úghymynyng eki maghynasy kelip shyghady: tarihnamalyq kózqarastargha say keletin tar maghynasyndaghy jәne dýniyetanymdyq paradigma sipatyna ie keng maghynasynda. Otandyq ghylym ýshin búl tansyq taqyryp shetelding tarih filosofiyasynda on toghyzynshy ghasyrdyng sonynan beri talqylanyp keledi. Gumanitarlyq saladaghy búl baghyttyng payda boluy obektivtik tarih iydeyasynyng daghdarysqa týsuimen jәne tarihy tanymnyng mәnin, tarihilyq pen antitarihilyq sananyng araqatynasyn izdeumen baylanysty oryn aldy. F. Nisshenin, G.Rikkerttin, V.Diliteydin, G.Zimmelidin, E.Trelichtin, M.Veberdin, K.Popperding júmystary osy taqyrypqa arnaldy. Dýniyetanymnyng bir tәsili retindegi tarihy sana taqyrybynyng erekshe tanymaldyghy bastapqyda fenomenologiyalyq filosofiyada, keyinirek germenevtikalyq baghytta kórindi (E.Gusserli, M.Haydegger, G.G.Gadamer, P.Riyker). Ghylymiy-teoriyalyq tarihy sananyng anaghúrlym joghary dengeyi retindegi tarih filosofiyasynyng mәseleleri sheteldik ghalymdardyng ýnemi nazarynda boldy. Tarihy ýderisting «bolmysy», tarihtyng mәni, әleumettik determinizm mәseleleri O.Shpenglerdin, A.Toynbiydin, P.Sorokinnin, K. Yaspersting jәne t.b. irgeli enbekterining ózegin qúrady. R. Aronnyn, B. Krochenin, R.Dj. Kollingvudtyng jәne t.b zertteuleri tarihy ótkendi zertteudin logikalyq-teoriyalyq jәne әdisnamalyq mәseleleri retindegi tarih filosofiyasynyng pәnin zertteuge arnaldy. Tarih pen qoghamgha degen jana kózqarastyng tújyrymdamasyn úsynghan «Annaldar» dep atalatyn mektepting qabyrghasynan shyq- qan ghalymdardyng enbekterin erekshe baghyt retinde atap ótuge bo- lady. «Annaldardyn» fransuzdyq mektebining ókilderi (M. Blok, Le Fevr, F. Brodeli, J. Dubi, J. le Goff jәne basqalary) tyng taqyryptar kóterip, «jana tarihy ghylymnyn» payda boluyna, ta-- rihtyng әdisnamasyn anaghúrlym tereng zertteuge, onyng úghymdyq apparatyn payymdaugha, onyng әleumettik filosofiyalyq astarlaryn zerdeleuge ýlken yqpal etti. Olar adamzattyng әleumettik-mәdeny tarihyn zertteuding jýielik–ýlgilik, tipologiyalyq, krossmәdeny әdisterin paydalandy, songhy kezderi әleumettik ghylymdar әdisterine kóbirek sýienip keledi. Adamnyng óz ótkenin payymdauy mәselesi dәstýrli filosofiyalyq mәselelerding qataryna jatqanymen jәne búl tútastay bir filosofiyalyq baghyt – tarih filosofiyasynyng negizgi pәnin qúraghanymen, tarihy sanany zertteu kenestik әdebiyette markstik paradigmanyng qyspaghynda boldy. Tarihy sana mәselesi ghylymy izdenisting óz aldyna derbes taqyryby retinde býgingi kýni kórshiles reseylik ghylym men filosofiyada keng qanat jayyp otyr. Al Qazaqstanda tarihy sana taqyryby tәuelsizdikten keyingi últtyq sananyng jappay oyanuy, tarihy aqtandaqtardy qalpyna keltiru, tarihy әdilettikti ornatu ýderisteri barysynda búqaralyq baspasóz betterin jaulap alghanymen, otandyq filosofiya men әleumettik ghylymdarda arnayy әdisnamalyq týrdegi zertteuler sausaqpen sanarlyqtay ghana edi. Tarih filosofiyasy taqyrybyna qalam tartqan neken-sayaq ghalymdardyng biri, professor Dosmúhammed Kishibekov atalmysh mәselening kýrdeliligin bylaysha sipattaydy: «Bizde qoghamnyng tarihyn zertteuge qatysty júmys jaman emes, halyqtardyng kóp- tomdyq tarihy, tarihtyng jekelegen kezenderi boyynsha monografiyalar, oqulyqtar jaryq kórip jatyr. Biraq zertteuding artta qalghan kesindisi tarih filosofiyasy bolyp otyr... Tarihty tútastay qarastyru dýniyetanymdyq ghylymdar ókilderining ghana qoldarynan keledi» [13, 47 b.]. Degenmen, jalpy tarihy sana men onyng qoghamdyq bolmyspen baylanysy, qazaq halqynyng tarihy ózindik sanasy turaly jekelegen filosofiyalyq mәseleler S. Aqatay, Q.Á. Ábishev, S.B. Bólekbaev, M.S. Burabaev, T. Burbaev, T.H. Ghabitov, Gh. Esim, M.Z. Izotov, A. Qasabek, A.H. Qasymjanov, Á. Qodar, Q.Sh. Núrlanova, S.E. Núrmúratov, Á.N. Nysanbaev, J.J. Moldabekov, J. Mýtәlipov, S. Myrzaly, M.S. Orynbekov, D.S. Raev, M. Sәbiyt, A.A. Hamidov, Q. Áljan jәne t.b. elimizge keninen tanymal filosof-ghalymdardyng júmystarynda qarastyryldy. 

Gharifolla Esimning «Sana bolmysy» degen jalpy ataumen jaryq kórgen on kitabynda (1994 –2006) qazaq qoghamy men onyng ruhany erekshelikteri jónindegi qoghamdyq ghylymdarda ornyqqan keybir týsinikter men úghymdardyng qúndylyghy qayta baghalanady. Olarda dәstýrli qazaq qoghamy men onyng qazirgi jaghdayynda taptyq formasiyalyq teoriyagha negizdelgen ólshemderden qol ýzip, órkeniyetti ólshem týrlerine ótuding keybir mәseleleri tiyanaqty sheshim tapqan [14]. Últtyng tarihy ózindik sanasynyng ósuine jәne әlemdik aqyl- oidyng tarihyn iygeruge memlekettik «Mәde ny múra» baghdar lamasy ayasynda akademik Á. Nysanbaevtyng jetekshiligimen elimizge tanymal ghalymdardyng qatysyp, qazaq tilinde jaryq kórgen 20 tomdyq «Qazaq halqynyng filosofiyalyq múrasy» men 20 tomdyq «Álemdik filoso fiya  lyq múra» atty kitap seriyalarynyng erekshe әser eteri sózsiz [15, 16]. Tarihy sanany janghyrtu men ruhany múrany iygerudegi paydasy orasan zor, әlemde tendesi joq búl baghdarlamagha atalmysh enbekting avtory da atsalysyp, «Qazaq halqynyng tarih filosofiyasy» (6-tom) jәne «HH ghasyrdyng ta- rih filosofiyasy» (16-tom) tomdary boyynsha audarma jasap, ghylymy kommentariyler jazdy. Tarihy sanany zertteuding búl baghyttarynyng jetistikterin atap óte kele, ondaghy kóptegen mәselelerding basy ashylmaghanyn aita ketu kerek. Tarihy sananyng jalpy tabighatyna, onyng qúrylymdyq elementteri men úiymdasu dengeylerine qatysty, tarihtyng teoriya- sy men әdisnamasyna, onyng әleumettik filosofiyalyq qyrlaryna baylanysty mәseleler, bizding pikirimizshe, odan әri zertteudi talap etedi. Zertteu júmysyndaghy bizding maqsatymyz – kenistik pen uaqyt aghymyndaghy tarihy sananyng qalyptasuy men damuyn ótken shaq – osy shaq – bolashaq araqatynasynda jalpy әlemdik jәne qazaq mәdeniyetining tarihy men qazirgi jaghdayynyng barysy arqyly әleumettik filosofiyalyq túrghydan zertteu, qazaq halqynyng tarihy sanasynyng evolusiyasyndaghy ózekti iydeya – tәuelsizdik iydeyasynyng tarihy jәne ruhany sabaqtastyghyn aiqyndau. Qoyylghan osy maqsatqa jetip, taqyryptyng mәn-mazmúnyn ashu ýshin zertteu júmysynyng mynaday mindetteri tuyndaydy:

 - tarihy sanany zertteuding dýniyetanymdyq jәne әdisnama- lyq astarlaryn aiqyndau maqsatynda tarihtyng teoriyasy men tarihilyqtyng filosofiyasyna qatysty tújyrymdamalardy syny saraptamadan ótkizu; 

- tarih uaqytpen baylanysty fenomen bolghandyqtan, ghylym men filosofiyadaghy uaqyt turaly kózqarastardyn, әsirese tari- hiy-mәdeny jәne әleumettik uaqyt turaly kózqarastardyng tarihy sana qalyptasuyna tiygizgen әserin ghylymy túrghyda taldau;

- әri әleuetti, әri ózekti mәsele retindegi tarihy sananyng filosofiyalyq mәni men maghynasyn, mazmúny men formalaryn jәne qúrylymyn anyqtau;

- tarihy sananyng jogharghy әri keyingi formasy bolyp tabylatyn tarihy tanym ayasynda qazaq halqynyng әleumettik jady men tarihy ózindik sanasynyng ózegin qúraytyn kóshpendilik qúbylysyn әdisnamalyq túrghydan zertteu; 

- kóshpendi halyqtar men qazaq halqynyng tarihy sanasy men tarihy tanymynyng negizin qúraytyn auyzsha tarih pen shejirelik dәstýrdi tarihy әleumettik zerdeleu; 

- tәuelsizdik múrattary ayasynda qazaq halqynyng tarihy sanasy qalyptasuy men damuyn anyqtau maqsatynda euraziyalyq kóshpendi órkeniyet tarihynyng әleumettik jadylyq rekonstruksiyasyn jasau; 

- әleumettik damudyng dәstýrli kezenindegi qazaq halqynyng tarihy men mәdeniyetindegi tarihy sana kórinisining formalaryn payymdau;

 - jana zamandaghy qazaqstandyq tarihnamalyq praktika men tarih filosofiyasynyng qalyptasu erekshelikterin teoriyalyq sipattau; 

- әlemdik tәrtipting әleumettik transformasiyalanuy barysynda qazirgi tarihy oidyng teoriyalyq ýrdisteri men onyng әleumettik filosofiyalyq qyrlaryn ashu;

 - qazirgi janartu men jahandanu ýderisterining auqymyndaghy qazaqstandyq qoghamnyng tarihy ózindik sanasyndaghy negizgi ýrdisterdi tújyrymdau. Zertteu barysynda qoyylghan búl maqsat pen mindetterdin, taqyryptyng ashylu qisynynyng erekshelikteri monografiyanyng qúrylymyn da aiqyndaydy. Ony tarqatyp aitar bolsaq. Birinshi tarauda tarihy sanagha, tarihilyqqa jәne tarih filosofiyasyna qatysty tújyrymdamalargha sholu jasalady. Subektting әlemdik tarih uaqytynyng aghymynda jәne qazirgi әleumettik kenistikte ózin anyqtaugha degen qabiletimen sipattalatyn ruhany bolmysty iygeruding erekshe formasy retindegi tarihy sananyng týsinigi anyqtalady. Uaqyttyng filosofiyalyq, dini, ghylymy týsinikteri, onyng naturaldy fizikalyq, astronomiyalyq- hronologiyalyq, biologiyalyq, qaytalanbaly (sikldi) jәne birbaghytty (liniyalyq), sonday-aq әleumettik jәne tarihi- mәdeny úghymdary taldanyp, sonyng negizinde uaqyttyng mәni turaly kózqarastardyng tarihy sana qalyptasuyna tiygizgen әseri aiqyndalady. Tarihy sananyng qalyptasuy men damuy barysynda aiqyndalatyn onyng mifologiya, foliklor, epos, kórkem tuyndylar, jylnama, shejire, ghylymiy-teoriyalyq tújyrymdamalar siyaqty formalaryn jikteu barysynda tarihy sananyng qúryly- my, mәni men mazmúny ashylady. 

Ekinshi tarauda әleumettik damudyng formasiyalyq jәne órkeniyettik tәsilderin әdisnamalyq sipattaudyng nәtiyjesinde kóshpendilerding tarihy sanasy men tarihy tanymynyng erekshelikteri zerdelenedi. Kóshpendi halyqtardyng tarihy jady men әleumettik esine tәn tarihty bayandaudyng auyzeki dәstýri men shejirelik sanasynyng derektemelik, tarihnamalyq jәne әleumettik filosofiyalyq mәseleleri tújyrymdalady. Ýshinshi tarauda tarihy sana qalyptasuy men damuynyng etno-әleumettik sharttaryn sipattau barysynda euraziyalyq kóshpendi órkeniyet tarihynyng әleumettik jadylyq bolmysyn qalpyna keltiruge talpynys jasalynady. Ejelgi saqtardyng «ang stiyli» óneri men dýniyetanymyn, ghún dәuirindegi «edilshildikti», orta ghasyrlardaghy «túranshyldyq», «týrkishildik», «oghyzshyldyq», «shynghysshyldyq», «noghayshyldyq» iydeologiyalaryn, sonday-aq «Ýsh jýz», «Alty Alash», «Týrkistan», «Qazaq» iydeyalaryn qarastyra kele, qazaq halqynyng әleumettik-mәdeny damuyndaghy tarihy sana kórinisteri, ondaghy erkindik pen tәuelsizdik iydeyasynyng tarihi, ruhany sabaqtastyghy baghamdalady. Tórtinshi tarauda dәstýrli kezendegi tarihty sipattaudyng auyzsha dәstýrinen arylghan song otarshyldyq, kenestik jәne qazirgi kezenderdegi qazaqstandyq jazba tarihnamanyng qalyptasuynyng barysy men ózekti mәseleleri syny túrghyda saraptalady. Ótken ghasyrdan bastalghan tarihnamalyq tónkeristik ahual, teoriyalyq tarihy oidyng damuy barysyndaghy dýniyetanymdyq paradigmalar men zertteushilik strategiyalardyng almasuy taldanyp, onyng әleumettik filosofiyalyq astarlary qarastyrylady. Tәuelsizdikke qol jetkennen keyingi tarihy ózindik sananyng janghyruymen, sonday-aq janarumen jәne jahandanumen sipattalatyn qazirgi kezendegi tarihy sananyng transformasiyasy qazaqstandyq qoghamda jýzege asyp jatqan әleumettik ózgerister auqymynda týiindeledi.