Biylghy jyldyng basynda әigili jazushy Múhtar Maghauin dýniyeden ozghanda kónil aitqan, pikir bildirgen jazbalar býkil әleumettik jeliler, baspasóz betterinde jariya bolyp, teledidar ekrandarynan berilip jatty. Osy baghyttaghy aqparat aghyny әli tolastar emes. Búl týsinikti, qalypty jaghday. Óitkeni, shygharmashylyghy qalyng qazaqty bey-jay qaldyrmaytyn túlghanyng qily taghdyry kózi qaraqty oqyrman, ziyaly qauymnyng údayy nazarynda bolyp kele jatqany jasyryn emes. Onyng arasynda dau-damay tudyratyn týstary da jetip artylady.

Mәselen, sonyng biri M.Maghauinning 2007 jyly shetelge ketuin alayyq. Búl jóninde elge tanymal eki jazushynyng jazbasyna toqtalghandy jón kórdim.

Aldymen Aqberen Elgezekting «Maghauin qazaqty “talaq” etip ketti degen әngime – mýlde jónsiz sóz» degen «Adyrna» últtyq portalynda jariyalanghan maqalasynan (14.01.2025) ýzindiler keltireyik:

«Óz últynyng ruhaniyatyna ghúmyryn baghyshtaghan eken, onda ol oiynshyq bermeding dep ókpeleytin qyrsyq bala siyaqty búrtiyp, óz tughan eline betalbaty renjip ketpeydi;

Sondyqtan Maghauin qazaqqa renjip ketti, qazaqty Maghauin “talaq” etip ketti degen әngime tiyse terekke, tiymese feysbukke bolghan mýlde jónsiz sóz;

Nege ketti degen súraqqa - qarapayym jauap. Maghauinning aldynda úly maqsat túrdy, ony ol oryndau kerek bolghan, semiz nýkte.

Maghauin - elden Qazaq ýshin ketti, qazaqtyng shashylyp jatqan tarihyn jýielep beruge ketti. Bireuden birdene súrady ma, memleketke osyny istep jatyrmyn dep mindetsidi me?! Joq!»

Degenmen jazushynyng Maghauinge qatysty әngimege «semiz nýkte» qon kerek degen uәjimen elding birazy kelise qoymas. Sonyng ishinde múnday qorytyndygha dәleldi jauapty jazushymen úzaq jyldar birge júmys istegen serigi, әriptesi, belgili jazushy Túrysbek Sәuketaevtyng «Maghauin ghibraty» (02.02.2025) degen «Adyrna» últtyq portalynda jariyalanghan jazbasynan bayqadyq. Sonymen birge búl maqala «Júldyz» jurnalynyng biylghy shyqqan ekinshi nómirinde de basylypty. Endi atalghan maqaladan ýzindi keltireyik:

«Otyz jylgha sozylghan soyqandy, qorqynyshty qara týnek rejimning býgingi tanda súrqiya bet-perdesi jyrtylyp, resmy biylik tarapynan sayasy túrghyda aiyptalyp jatqanyn kórip otyrmyz. Shiyrek ghasyr boyy tóbemizge әngirtayaq oinatyp esirgen "Semiya" men at tóbelindey oligopoliya ne istemedi deseyshi? Úrlady, tonady, barynnan aiyryp qayyrshy qyldy, óltirdi, taptap qorlady... Avtoritarlyq biylikting joydasyz qiyanatyna Múhang bey-jay qarap otyra alghan joq. Uytty qalamyn jay otyna janyp alyp, maydan ashty: Nazarbaevtyq "prihvatizasiya" býkil baylyqty tu-talaqay talap-tonap, jer saudagha týskende: "Jerding asty men ýstin qosa, elin de satyp jibergen patsha tek bizge ghana búiyrghan!" dep, "Júldyzdyn" betinde elden búryn dabyldatqan kim? Maghauiyn! Biylik shekarany shegendedik dep, ayaqty alshang basqanda, kóp jer altyn-kýmis kenishimen qyzyl syzyqtyng arghy jaghynda qalghanyn aityp aiqaylaghan kim? Maghauiyn! "Qazaqtyng bolashaghy – qazaq әielderining altyn qúrsaghynda", analargha jaghday jasalu kerek dep, demografiyalyq mәselege alandaghan kim? Maghauiyn! Jana-ózendegi qyrghynda býkil yghay men syghay auzyna su toltyryp otyrghanda, "Qan tógildi!" dep attan salghan kim? Taghy da jalghyz Maghauiyn! Ol últ mýddesine qatysty ýlkendi-kishili mәselening esh qaysynan tys qalghan emes, bәrining joqshysy bolyp, dabyl qaghudan jalyqpady.

Aynalasyna jaramsaqtardan jasaq jinap, jalghan maqtaugha jany semirgen Nazarbaevtyq biylikke turasyn tilip aitar óktem minez jazushy, әriyne, jaqqan joq. Jurnaldan quyp, ýnin óshiru ýshin neshe týrli aila jasady. Qorqytty-ýrkitti, jurnaldy ailar boyy qarjylandyrmay qyspaqqa saldy. Kóp búlghaqtyng bәrin tizbey, bir-er mysalmen ghana tizgin tartsam, jalghan patriot, biylikting qabaq tanyghysh qúiyrshyghy bop jýrgen úranshyl bir deputat: "Maghauin ýkimet qarjylandyratyn jurnaldy óz bas paydasyna paydalanyp, ýkimetti synap-mineytin ýgit qúralyna ainaldyryp otyr, búl súmdyq qoy, oibay, attan!" dep, ishinde 8 orys, jәne "Júldyzdy" oqymaq týgil qazaqsha lәm dep bilmeytin 12 "qara orysy" bar, jiyny, keyin Múhang "26 komissar" dep әigilegen 26 deputatqa barmaq bastyryp, Mәjiliste arnayy mәsele kóterdi. Álgi jantyq onymen de toqtamay, Q. Júmadilovting tәuelsizdik jyldary jayly "Qylkópir" deytin romany shyqqan "Júldyzdyn" nomerin qybyn tauyp preziydentting qolyna ústata qoyypty. Ile-shala Preziydent Ákimshiliginen bir chinovnik shyryldap maghan telefon shaldy. (Ol kezde Múhang Chehiyada jýrgen). "Romannyng jalghasy shyghyp ketse, dereu ol nomer tútqyndalsyn!" dedi. Men: "Tarap ketti!" dedim. "Oybay-ay, endi qayttim!" dep, jylamsyrap telefondy tastay saldy. Osydan keyin biylik Múhandy "Júldyzda" kóp túraqtatqan joq. Týrtpek kóbeydi, tipti, ashyq qoqan-loqqygha deyin bardy. Osynday sayasi, ruhany qyspaqqa jany kýigen jazushy ne isteui kerek? "Oybay, ol eshqanday dissiydent emes, eshkim elden qughan joq" dep, eng bolmasa aruaghyna tynyshtyq bermey artynan topyraq shashqan imansyz key shәuildekke eskerterim, bir sózin eki dәiekke sýienip aitatyn ghúlama Túrsynnyng kuәligine jýginsin: "Múhannyng ýiining aldyna qauipti toptar jinalyp, balaghat sózder aityp, elden ketuin talap etken... Aqyry ómirine tikeley qater tóne bastaghan son, dosy Ábish Kekilbaevpen aqyldasyp, Euroodaq úsynghan sayasy baspana qúqyghyn paydalanyp, Pragagha ketuge mәjbýr boldy". ("Maghauinning "Meni" ólmeydi").

Mine, búl mәselede avtordyng songhy «...Euroodaq úsynghan sayasy baspana qúqyghyn paydalanyp, Pragagha ketuge mәjbýr boldy» degen sózi M.Maghauinning bayaghy orys dissiydenti ataqty jazushy A.IY.Soljenisyn taghdyryn eske týsiredi.

Aytalyq, Aleksandr Isaevich (shyndyghynda Isaakiyevich eken) soghysta jýrip, bir dosyna jazghan hatynda Stalindy «Pahangha» tenepti. Sol ýshin týrmege de otyrady. Biylik basyna N.Hrushev kelip, azdap jylymyq bastalghanda jariyalaghan maqalalarynda marksizm-leninizmnen kónilim qaldy degendey pighyldaryn ashyq bildiredi. Birneshe әngimeleri «Novyy miyr» basylymynyng arqasynda oqyrmangha jetedi. Soljenisyn ózining negizgi tuyndysy «Arhiypelag GULAG» romanyn jazugha kirisedi. Ol ondaghan jyldar boyy (1960-1980 jyldar) kommunistik iydeyalargha, KSRO-nyng sayasy jýiesine jәne onyng biyligining sayasatyna belsendi týrde qarsy shyqty.

Memleket basshylyghyna L. Brejnev kelgen kezende kenestik jýieni synaghan qalamgerlerdi tútqyndau, qudalau tolqyny barysynda Soljenisynnyng «Kenes Odaghyn ýlken lageri – GULAG», yaghny «Arhiypelag GULAG» atty janjaldy romanynyng (1969-1989) qoljazbalary tәrkilenedi. Jazushy samizdatqa auysyp, shygharmalaryn shetelde basyp shygharady, sheteldik merzimdi basylymdargha súhbat beredi.

1968 jyly «Birinshi shenber» jәne «Qaterli isik» romandary avtordyng rúqsatynsyz AQSh pen Batys Europada basylyp, jazushygha tanymaldylyq әkelgen kezde, kenes baspasózi avtorgha qarsy ýgit-nasihat júmystaryn bastady. 1969 jyly 4 qarashada KSRO Jazushylar odaghynyng mýsheliginen shygharyldy.

1970 jylgha qaray Soljenisynnyng shygharmalary 28 elde basylyp shyqty, eng kóp audarmalary Batys Germaniya men AQSh-ta jaryq kórdi. Osy uaqytqa deyin shetelde orys tilinde 17 jeke basylym men alty tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy basylyp shyqty. 1970 jyly Soljenisyn Nobeli syilyghynyng iyegeri atanady.

1973–1974 jyldary «Arhiypelag GULAG» romany shetelde jaryq kóruimen KSRO-da dissiydentterge qarsy kýshti ýgit-nasihat nauqany bastaldy. 1973 jyly 31 tamyzda «Pravda» gazetinde bir top tanymal sovet jazushylarynyng Soljenisyndy aiyptaytyn ashyq haty jariyalandy.

1974 jyly 7 qantarda KOKP OK Sayasy burosynyng mәjilisinde «GULAG arhiypelagynyn» jariyalanuy jәne «Soljenisynnyng antisovettik әreketterin jolyn kesu» sharalary talqylandy. Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetining basshysy Yu.Antropov Soljenisyndy әkimshilik jolmen elden shygharudy úsyndy. Ustinov, Grishiyn, Kiriylenko, Katushev shygharudy jaqtady; tútqyndau jәne jer audarudy - Kosygiyn, Brejnev, Podgornyi, Shelepiyn, Gromyko jәne t.b.

12 aqpanda Soljenisyn tútqyndalyp, memleketke opasyzdyq jasady degen aiyp taghylyp, Kenes azamattyghynan aiyryldy. 13 aqpanda KSRO-dan shygharyldy (Germaniyagha úshaqpen jetkizildi). Ol quylghannan keyin kóp úzamay Soltýstik Europa elderin aralap, aqyrynda Shveysariyanyng Surih qalasynda uaqytsha túrugha sheshim qabyldady.

1976 jyldyng sәuirinde ol otbasymen Amerika Qúrama Shtattaryna kóship, Kavendish qalasyna (Vermont) qonystandy. Kelgennen keyin jazushy «Qyzyl donghalaq» epopeyasyn jazugha qayta otyrady. Baspasózde siyrek kóringenimen ol kenestik tәrtipti de, amerikandyq shyndyqty da synady.

Al endi bizding Múhtar Maghauinnyng taghdyryna keleyik. Jogharyda T.Sәuketaevtyng «Maghauin ghibraty» maqalasynda aitylghandar men Soljenisynnyng basynan ótken jaghdaylar kenestik eki jazushynyng taghdyrynda qanshama úqsastyqtar baryn bayqatady. Maghauin da Soljenisyn syqyldy aldymen Europadaghy Chehiyanyng Pragasyna taban tirep, alty jyldan keyin AQSh-nyng Meriylend shtatyndaghy Silver Spring qalasyna qonystanady. Múqang onda óndirip júmys istep, «Shynghyshan» atty tarihy roman tetralogiyasyn, "Altyn Orda" romanyn jazdy. Sonymen qatar jazushynyng biylikti ótkir synaghan kezderi de boldy. 2011 jyly Janaózen oqighasy kezinde “Qan tógildi” degen ataumen maqala jazyp, “mening balalarym men nemerelerim – keudesinde namysy bar úldarym men qyzdarym qyzyl qangha boyalyp jatyr” dep, Nazarbaev jýiesine narazylyghyn jetkizdi. Bertinde “Halyq ýni” basylymyna bergen súhbatynda «Elin jerimen qosyp satyp jibergen patsha bizge ghana búiyrdy» dep birinshi preziydent N.Nazarbaevty ótkir syngha aldy...

Múhtar agha 2021 jyly bergen súhbatynda óz otanyn tastap, shet el asuynyng sebebin bylay týsindirgen edi: "Qazaqta "Arqada qys jayly bolsa, arqar auyp nesi bar" degen sóz bar. Men bayaghy orystyng dissiydentin otyrghyzyp, jelkelep shygharyp salghanday jaghdaydy bastan keshkem joq (Soljenisyndy aitqan bolar. – Ó.S.), men ózim kettim. Tynysh júmys isteu kerek. Ádebiyette әrtýrli dau-damay bolady. Áuezov te, Maghjan da syngha úshyraghan. Alayda maghan qarsy ýlken nauqan jýrdi...

Mәsele osynda dep bilemiz. Ózi de "Qazaqta "Arqada qys jayly bolsa, arqar auyp nesi bar" sózdi auyzgha alypty ghoy. T.Sәuketaev taghy bir súhbatta: «Turasyn aitqan tughanyna jaqpaydy» demekshi, Qazaqstannyng ruhany kenistiginde bolyp jatqan olqylyqtardy aitatyn kezde búl kisi batyl-batyl maqalalar jazdy. Jerding satyluyna baylanysty, shekaragha baylanysty, basqa da taqyryptar, mysaly shetelden qandastarymyzdy әkeludegi ýlken kedergiler jayly kóptegen maqalalar jazyp, búl kisi biylikting qaharyna úshyrady desek bolady. «Júldyz» jurnalynda jýrgende men ózim talay kórdim. Talay aryz jazyp, tynyshtyq bermedi. Shyndyghyn aitqanda búl kisi ýlken ruhany repressiyagha úshyrady. Búl kisini 2006 jyly qazan aiynda «Júldyz» jurnalynan júmystan quyp, shygharyp jiberdi. Bylay aitqanda syrtynan búiryq berdi de shygharyp jiberdi. Endi búl degen adamgha ruhany soqqy emes pe? Basqa jaghynan da soqqy kórdi. Eshqanday kitaptaryn shygharmady. Ýkimetting ministrlikting tarapynan bolatyn kitap shygharatyn qoldaular bar ghoy? Sondaylardyng eshqaysysy kitabyn basyp shygharmady. Sodan keyin kóniline tiygen boluy kerek. Ol kisi shetelge ketti. Biraq bizding halyqty úmytpady. Ómirimizde bolyp jatqan әrbir qúbylysqa sergek ýn qatyp, sol jaqta jatyp ózining aiqayymen arasha bolyp otyrdy», - depti.

Sondyqtan M.Maghauindy kýlbelektemey-aq, kezinde eldegi ýstem iydeologiyamen kelispey ketken adam, dissiydent bolghan edi desek artyq aitqandyq bola qoymas. Bir sózben aitqanda bastapqyda elden yqtiyarsyz ketken adam demekpiz.

Qalay degenmen de, 2020 jyly 2 aqpanda qazaq әdebiyetining asa kórnekti ókili 80 jasqa tolghanda qalamgerdi preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev mereytoyymen qúttyqtap, izgi tilegin arnap, jedelhat joldady. Memleket basshysy Maghauinning últty úiystyru men tәuelsizdikti nyghaytu jolyndaghy eseli enbegi óskeleng úrpaq ýshin ýlgi-ónege ekenin aitty. Odan búryn da Qasym-Jomart Kemel úly, Qazaqstannyng syrtqy ister ministri iolyp túrghanda da  Múhtar Maghauinnyng shygharmashylyghyn joghary baghalap, jyly pikir bildirip túrghanyn baspasózden oqyghanymyz bar.

Endi taghy da Soljenisynge oralayyq. Ol ómirining songhy bóliginde 20 jyldan keyin 1994 jyly tughan jeri Reseyge qayta oraldy. 1997 jyly Resey Ghylym akademiyasynyng tolyq mýshesi bolyp saylandy. Gumanitarlyq qyzmet salasyndaghy erekshe jetistikteri ýshin Resey Federasiyasynyng Memlekettik syilyghymen marapattalyp, 2007 jyly 12 mausymda preziydent Vladimir Putin Soljenisyngha baryp, ony Memlekettik syilyqpen marapattaluymen qúttyqtady. 2008 jyly qaytys bolyp, Mәskeudegi Don monastyryndaghy qorymgha jerleu rәsimine sol kezdegi Resey Preziydenti D.Medvedev qatysty (qysqa merzimdik demalysynan arnayy kelip). Mine, Resey әdebiyeti men mәdeniyetining patriarhynyng ómir joly osylay ayaqtaldy.

Ókinishke qaray, qazaq әdebiyeti men tarihyn zerttep, ólmes múra qaldyrghan, qalyng qazaqtyng yqylasyna bólengen zanghar jazushy Múhtar Maghauiyngha tughan jerden topyraq búiyrmady. Áriyne, Múqang tiri kezinde – aq, úrpaqtaryna óz ósiyeti boyynsha Amerika topyraghyna jerleudi aityp ketkeni belgili. Degenmen...

Endi Maghauinning ekinshi ómiri bastaldy. Ol qalay órbiydi? Uaqyt kórseter...

R.S. Alayda, M.Maghauin «sindromyna» múnymen «semiz nýkte» qoi erterek pe deymin. Óitkeni, mening oiymsha Múhtar abyzdyng ózi "26 komissar" dep әigilegen, Mәjiliste dabyl qaqqan 26 deputattyng atyn atap, týsin týstegen dýrys bolady dep oilaymyn.

Sondyqtan Preziydentimiz aitqanday «Jana Qazaqstan – búl shyn mәninde әdiletti Qazaqstan» bolatyn bolsa Gerolid Beliger «Jaraysyn, Maghauiyn! Songhy jyldary Maghauinnyng asa iri, daryny sheksiz, auqymy keng prozaik ekenine kózim jetkenin jasyra almaymyn. Ghalamat oishyldyghynda shýbә joq. Quanyshtymyn. Naghyz kәsiby qalamger. Bolsang sonday bol!» dep bagha bergen alyp týlghany elden naqtyly kimderding ketiruge yqpal etkenin júrtshylyqtyng bilip jýrgeni dúrys bolar demekpin!

Ómirzaq Súltanov

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