Býgin biz Abai.kz aqparattyq portaly oqyrmandaryna Qyrghyz Respublikasynyng Memlekettik hatshysy, tarihshy Arslan Qoyshiyevting Astanadaghy «Altyn Orda – dala órkeniyetining ýlgisi: Tariyh, arheologiya, mәdeniyet, biregeylik» atty halyqaralyq simpoziumda sóilegen sózin qazaq tiline audaryp úsynyp otyrmyz...

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Asa qúrmetti Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Kemelúly!

Qúrmetti ministr!

Altyn Ordanyng tarihy boyynsha halyqaralyq simpoziumnyng ardaqty qonaqtary!

Memleketterding qúryluy men memlekettilikting nyghangy kezenderinde belgili bir tarihy tújyrymdamany (konsepsiyany) әzirleuding erekshe qajettiligi tuyndaydy. Tarihy jady, tarihy sana – últtyq biregeylikting manyzdy elementteri. Ózderinizge mәlim, birneshe jyldan beri jetekshi qazaq tarihshylary kóptomdyq «Qazaq tarihy» jobasynyng ýstinde eren enbek etip keledi.

Biz, Qyrghyzstan tarihshylary, qazaqtar men Qazaqstannyng jeti tomdyq tarihynyng jaryqqa shyghuyn ýlken ýmitpen jәne zor jigermen kýtudemiz. Óitkeni, eng jaqyn kórshilerimizdin, tuysqan halyqtardyng tarihy belgili bir dәrejede bizding de tarihymyz bolyp tabylady.

Altyn Ordanyng óz uaqytynda Euraziyanyng kóptegen halyqtarynyng besigine ainalghany — barshagha mәlim fakt, yaghny etnikalyq tariyh, etnikalyq qonys audarudyng kýrdeli prosesteri, qalyptasudyng belgili bir kezenderi dәl osy Altyn Orda aumaghynda ótti.

Osynda otyrghan kóptegen ghalymdardyng ata-babalary kezinde, qaysybir atasynda Altyn Orda aumaghynda ómir sýrgenine, onyng qol astynda bolghanyna senimdimin.

Qyrghyz halqynyng tarihyna keletin bolsaq, ol da belgili bir dәrejede Altyn Orda tarihymen baylanysty. Birneshe mysal keltire keteyin.

Qyrghyz foliklorynda býgingi kýnge deyin Altyn Ordanyng Jәnibek han, Berdibek han siyaqty jәne basqa da kórnekti túlghalarynyng isteri turaly anyzdar aitylady. Al anyzgha ainalghan Ketbúqa, qyrghyz әpsanalaryna sýiensek, kóne qyrghyz dәuirining eng úly oishyl-aqyndarynyng biri bolyp sanalady!

V.V. Bartolid, V.A. Romodin siyaqty kórnekti shyghystanushylar óz uaqytynda HVI ghasyrda jazylghan «Madjmu at-tavariyh» atty parsy tildi derekkózdi zertteuding manyzdylyghyn basa aitqan. Búl qoljazbanyng aitarlyqtay bóligi Altyn Orda oqighalaryn, atap aitqanda, Toqtamys han men qyrghyzdardyng odaqtastyq qarym-qatynastaryn sipattaugha arnalghan.

Qazirgi ghalymdardyng ishinen Jaqsylyq Sәbitov búl enbekke jii silteme jasaydy. Búl shygharmada epikalyq Manastyng ózi Toqtamys hannyng odaqtasy bolghany aitylady.

Áriyne, múny tura maghynada týsinuge bolmaydy. Biraq búl, sózsiz, ótkendegi oqighalardyng janghyryghy jәne qyrghyzdardyng da Altyn Orda ómirine aralasqanynyng aighaghy.

Eng qyzyghy, búl anyzdar men tarihy mәlimetter paleogenetika derekterimen de rastalyp, jaqsy ýilesim tauyp otyr.

Jurnalist bolyp jýrgen kezimde reseylik ghalym Vladimir Tagankinnen onlayn súhbat alghan edim. Lipov tatarlarynyng genetikasy turaly bergen sol súhbatymnan ýzindi keltire keteyin.

Ol qyrghyzdarda R1a-nyng birneshe ýlken tarmaqtary keng taralghanyn algha tartyp, olardyng óte az testten ótetinine ókinish bildirdi. Sonday-aq, Altyn Orda zamanynda Litva men Polishagha qonystanghan qyrghyzdardyng tarmaqtary bar ekenin aitady. Búl tarmaqtardyng barlyghy DNQ arqyly tekserilgen.

Men oghan kýmәnmen: «Litva men Polishagha qonystanghan sol tatarlardy dәl qyrghyzdardyng úrpaghy dep qalay aitugha bolady?» degen qarsy súraq qoydym.

Oghan qúrmetti Vladimir Tagankin bylay dep jauap berdi: «Búl — qújattalghan shejiresi men otbasylyq anyzdary bar tekti rular. Osydan keyin DNQ zertteui jýrgizilip, olardyng DNQ jelisi negizinen qyrghyzdarda bar ekeni anyqtaldy, búl otbasylyq anyzdardy rastady».

Búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy — qyrghyzdardyng qanday da bir toby Toqtamys hannyng songhy tiregi bolghan, Adygiyne men Taghay tarmaghynan shyqqan qyrghyzdardyng bir toby Altyn Ordany qayta qalpyna keltiru ýshin tabandy týrde kýresken.

Qúrmetti simpozium qatysushylary!

Qúrmetti bauyrlar!

Qazaq pen qyrghyzdyng tarihy jady, eki halyqtyng tarihy taghdyrynyng ortaqtyghy turaly aitqanda, ata-babalarymyz qalyptastyrghan «qyrghyz, qazaq – bir tughan» degen tarihy formula eriksiz oigha oralady. Búl formulanyng egjey-tegjeyi kóptegen foliklorlyq materialdarda, Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúlynyng tarihy enbekterinde, qyrghyz tarihshylary Osmonaly Sydyq úlynyn, Belek Soltonoevting jәne basqalardyng shygharmalarynda kórinis tapqan.

Osy mәselemen ishinara ainalysyp jýrgen tarihshy retinde maghan búl formulanyng qalyptasu kezenderining biri Shynghys hannan keyingi taghy bir memlekettik birlestik — Mogholstan tarihymen tabighy týrde baylanysty siyaqty kórinedi.

Bedeldi qazaqstandyq shyghystanushy Veniamin Petrovich Yudin Mogholstan men mogholdardyng tarihyn zerttey kele, «Úly jýz negizinen moghol rularynan qalyptasqan» degen tújyrymgha kelgen. Keyingi zertteushiler de onyng mogholdardyng Orta jýzding qalyptasuyna da qatysqany turaly tújyrymdaryn qoldady. (V.P. Yudiyn. O rodoplemennom sostave mogulov Mogulistana y Moguliy y ih etnicheskih svyazyah s kazahamy y drugimy sosednimy narodami. Izvestiya AN Kaz.SSR, 1965 - № 3 - S.52-65.)

«Tariyh-y Rashidiydin» avtory әri bizding ortaq babamyz Myrza Haydar Dulaty óz uaqytynda mogholdar men qyrghyzdardyng — negizinen bir halyq ekenin, tek aiyrmashylyghy — qyrghyzdardyng әli de imangha kelmey, shaghataylyq shynghysitardyng biyligin moyyndamaytynynda ekenin basa aitqan. «Kyrgyz hem koumy mogul ast» (Qyrghyz da moghol taypasynan) — dep jazghan ol. (Qaranyz: Mirza Muhammed Haydar. Tariyh-y Rashidi. British Library. Add.26612. p 92a).

Mәlim bolghanday, Myrza Haydar Dulat moghol qauymdastyghynyng ydyrauynyng tikeley kuәgeri boldy, yaghny mogholdar onyng kóz aldynda jәne tarih sahnasynan joghalyp bara jatty, búl turaly ol ýlken ókinishpen jazghan.

Eger Myrza Haydar Dulat óz bólesi Babyrdyng sarayynan pana izdep, Ýndistangha ketuge mәjbýr bolmaghanda, ol mogholdardyng qyrghyzdar men qazaqtardyng qúramyna enu prosesin anyghyraq egjey-tegjeyli jazyp qaldyrar edi.

Onda onyng «qyrghyzdar men mogholdar — negizinen bir halyq» («Kyrgyz hem koumy mogul ast») degen tújyrymy kelesidey jalghasyn tauyp, parsy tilinde bylay estiler edi: «Uly jýz hem koumy kyrgyz ast», «Orta jýz hem koumy kyrgyz ast» jәne t.b. Yaghni, mәnisinde bir halyq.

«Qyrghyz, qazaq - bir tughan» degen ata sózi osy jaqtan da keledi!

Qazirgi uaqytta qyrghyz tarihshylary mening jetekshiligimmen qyrghyzdar men Qyrghyzstan tarihy boyynsha 15 tomdyq enbekti jazugha kiristi. Meninshe, búl qaghidalardyng barlyghy sol tomdardyng birinde óz kórinisin tabady.

Qúrmetti aghayyn-tughandar!

Býgingi jaghdaydy paydalanyp, barshanyzgha eki úsynys aitqym kelip túr: osy kezde týrki dýniyesining integrasiyasyna kuә bolyp jatyrmyz. Tarihtan sabaq alu ýshin tarihy tәjiriybeni zertteu kerek, bizge jalpy týrki dýniyesining tarihyn «tarihtan sabaq alu» aspektisinen zertteu qajet. Sondyqtan bolashaqta «Týrki dýniyesi jәne Rusi», «Týrki dýniyesi jәne Qytay» degen eki ghylymy jobany iske asyrudy úsynamyn.

Arslan Qoyshiyev

Abai.kz