Ekonomikalyq ósim Qazaqstannyng Ortalyq Aziyadaghy pozisiyasyn qalay nyghaytty – búl turaly Berlin Today sarapshylary týsindiredi

Ádettegi júmys kýnining tanynda Qazaqstandaghy otbasy birneshe jyl búryn ghana salynghan pәterinen shyghyp, balasyn jaqynda ashylghan mektepke aparyp, óz elinde qúrastyrylghan avtokólikpen júmysqa baruy mýmkin. Ata-analardyng biri iri kompaniyada enbek etse, ekinshisi sifrlyq marketpleyster arqyly tauar satyp, qolma-qol aqshasyz tólem qabyldap, memlekettik organdarmen onlayn baylanys jasaytyn shaghyn kәsip jýrgizui mýmkin.

Bir qaraghanda búl eshkimdi tanghaldyrmauy mýmkin. Biraq osy kórinister arqyly Qazaqstannyng songhy jyldary qanshalyqty ózgergenin angharugha bolady. El jana kezenge qomaqty tabighy resurstar men salystyrmaly týrde damyghan qarjy jýiesine jәne halyqaralyq investisiya tartudaghy kópjyldyq tәjiriybege ie bola otyryp, 2019 jyly qadam basty. Alayda elding aldynda Qazaqstan osy artyqshylyqtaryn halyqtyng әl-auqatyn arttyrugha baghyttap, ekonomikany bolashaqta múnay men ózge de shiykizatqa tәueldilikten arylta ala ma degen búdan da kýrdeli mәsele túrdy.

Songhy jeti jyldaghy nәtiyjeler búl ýderisting qazirding ózinde jýrip jatqanyn kórsetedi. Qazaqstan jahandyq pandemiyanyng saldaryn, jetkizu tizbekterindegi irkilisterdi jәne barghan sayyn kýrdelene týsken geosayasy ahualdy enseruge mәjbýr boldy. Soghan qaramastan osy synaqtardan ótken el 2019 jylmen salystyrghanda ekonomikalyq túrghydan auqymdy, kәsipkerlik belsendiligi joghary әri syrtqy әlemmen baylanysy nyghaya týsken memleketke ainaldy.

Halyqtyng әl-auqaty arqyly ólshenetin ósim

Songhy jeti jylda Qazaqstandaghy jan basyna shaqqandaghy jalpy ishki ónim 50%-dan astam ósti. Búl birinen keyin biri jalghasqan syrtqy kýizelisterge qaramastan damuyn jalghastyrghan ekonomikalyq ósimdi, sonday-aq býginde sany 20 millionnan asyp otyrghan halyqtyng ósimin kórsetedi. Atalghan kórsetkish Qazaqstandy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy airyqsha orny bar elderding qataryna shygharady. Dýniyejýzilik bankting 2025 jylghy derekterine sәikes, Qazaqstanda jan basyna shaqqandaghy JIÓ shamamen 14 700 dollardy qúrady. Ózbekstanda búl kórsetkish shamamen 4 000 dollar, al Qyrghyz Respublikasynda shamamen 3 100 dollar boldy.

Alayda jan basyna shaqqandaghy tabys kórsetkishi ekonomikanyng qalay júmys isteytinin tolyq sipattay almaydy. Neghúrlym manyzdy ózgerister jeke kәsipkerlik rólinen bayqalady. Qazaqstanda shaghyn jәne orta bizneste shamamen 4,5 million adam júmyspen qamtylghan. Búl jeti jyl búrynghy kórsetkishpen salystyrghanda 31,6%-gha artyq. Tirkelgen shaghyn jәne orta biznes subektilerining sany joghary qarqynmen ósip, 2025 jyldyng sonynda 2,3 milliongha jetti, yaghni, 47,5%-gha artty. Is jýzinde búl Qazaqstan halqynyng әrbir besinshi túrghynynan astamy osy sektormen baylanysty degendi bildiredi.

Búl – óte manyzdy jayt, óitkeni Qazaqstan úzaq uaqyt boyy resurstargha bay kóptegen elderge tәn kýrdeli mәselelermen betpe-bet kelip otyr: ekonomikanyng negizgi bóliginde memleket pen sanauly iri kompaniyalardyng yqpaly basym. Shaghyn biznesting keneni búl qúrylymdyq mәsele tolyq sheshildi degendi bildirmeydi. Degenmen dәstýrli salalarmen qatar elde kәsipkerlikke negizdelgen neghúrlym auqymdy ekonomika qalyptasyp kele jatqanyn kórsetedi.

Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng túsynda búl ózgeris ekonomikalyq mýmkindikterdi kenirek bóluge baghyttalghan auqymdy bastamanyng bir bóligine ainaldy. Onyng «Ádiletti Qazaqstan» turaly sayasy ústanymy kóbine institusionaldyq jәne әleumettik reformalar túrghysynan qarastyrylady. Alayda onyng ekonomikalyq mәni de zor: ornyqty ósim oghan qoghamnyng neghúrlym basym bóligi qatysqan jaghdayda ghana qamtamasyz etiledi. Jana kәsiporyndar, ónerkәsiptik jobalar, qúrylys jәne qoghamdyq qyzmet kórsetu salalary — múnyng bәri qalalyq ortagha beyimdelui artyp kele jatqan halyqty júmyspen qamtudy qajet etetin enbek naryghynyng qalyptasuyna yqpal etti.

Ekonomikalyq ósimning naqty nәtiyjeleri

Ekonomikalyq kórsetkishter materialdyq sipatqa ie bolghanda ghana onyng mәni aiqyndala týspek. Qazaqstanda keyingi jyldardaghy ózgeristerding edәuir bóligin túrghyn ýiler, mektepter, medisinalyq nysandar men zauyttardan anyq bayqaugha bolady. 2019-2025 jyldar aralyghynda elde 118,3 million sharshy metr túrghyn ýy paydalanugha berildi. Búl kórsetkish halyq sanynyng ósui, túrghyn ýige súranystyng artuy jәne demografiyalyq ahualdyng jaqsaruymen tikeley baylanysty. Býginde el halqynyng sany artyp keledi, qalalargha jana túrghyndar qonystanuda, al jas otbasylargha túrghyn ýy men infraqúrylym qajet.

Sondyqtan qazirgi 761 mektep pen 345 balabaqshanyng salynuy jay ghana statistikalyq kórsetkish emes. Jana mektepter synyptardyng shamadan tys toluy, iri qalalyq ortalyqtargha kóshi-qon ýrdisi jәne qazaqstandyqtardyng jana buynynyng qalyptasuy siyaqty mәselelerdi sheshuge baghyttalghan. Olardyng manyzdylyghy ghimarattardy salumen ghana shektelmeydi. Negizgi mәsele joghary ekonomikalyq jәne demografiyalyq ósuding balalargha naqty qanday jaqsy jaghday jasaugha mýmkindik beretindiginde jatyr.

Densaulyq saqtau jýiesinde de osynday salmaqty ózgerister bayqalady. 2023-2025 jyldar aralyghynda elde nebәri ýsh jyldyng ózinde 813 medisinalyq nysan salyndy. Onyng 655-i – auyldyq jerlerdegi alghashqy medisinalyq-sanitariyalyq kómek kórsetu úiymdary. Osy kezende kýtiletin ómir sýru úzaqtyghy 2,79 jylgha úzaryp, 75,97 jasqa jetti.

Búl ózgeristi qanday da bir sayasatpen nemese qúrylys baghdarlamasymen týsindiru mýmkin emes. Ómir sýru úzaqtyghyna halyqtyng tabysy, ómir salty, medisinalyq kómekting qoljetimdiligi, qorshaghan ortanyng jay-kýii jәne demografiyalyq faktorlar әser etedi. Soghan qaramastan ózgeristerding jalpy baghyty manyzdy. Últtyq damudyng eng aiqyn ólshemderining biri – ekonomikanyng qansha ónim óndirgeni ghana emes, halqynyng úzaq әri salamatty ómir sýrui.

Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng preziydenttigi qoghamdaghy osy ózgeristermen túspa-tús keldi. Onyng әkimshiligi osydan on jyl búrynghymen salystyrghanda jasyraq, syrtqy әlemmen baylanysy nyghayghan jәne talapshyl bola týsken qoghamnyng súranystaryna jauap beruge mәjbýr boldy. Túraqtylyq әli de manyzdy qúndylyq bolyp qala beredi. Alayda býginde onyng manyzy halyqtyng ómirine naqty qanday iygilik әkeletini arqyly baghalana týsude.

Tauardy importtaudan óndiruge kóshu

Qazaqstannyng ekonomikalyq modelin tek әleumettik shyghystardy úlghaytu arqyly ózgertu mýmkin emes. El ózi tútynatyn tauarlardan artyq ónim óndirip, shiykizat óndirushi salalardan tys jerlerde júmys oryndaryn qúruy qajet.

Osynyng jarqyn mysaly retinde avtomobili ónerkәsibin ataugha bolady. Songhy jeti jylda Qazaqstanda shamamen 800 myng avtomobili óndirildi. El ishinde qúrastyrylghan avtomobili – halyq tútynatyn tauar ghana emes. Avtokólik óndirisi jetkizushiler, logistikalyq kompaniyalar, injenerler, tehnikalyq mamandar men bilikti júmysshylardyng qyzmetin qoldaugha mýmkindik beredi.

Búl sonday-aq búrynnan kenjelep qalghan ónerkәsiptik qúzyretterding birtindep qalyptasyp kele jatqanyn kórsetedi. Osynday ýderis ekonomikanyng basqa da kóptegen salalarynda bayqalady.

Qazaqstan Ýkimetining derekterine sәikes, tek arnayy ekonomikalyq jәne industriyalyq aimaqtardyng ózinde 2025 jyldyng sonyna qaray 57 200-den astam júmys ornyn ashugha mýmkindik bergen 860 joba iske qosyldy. Búdan bólek, 2030 jylgha deyin jana júmys oryndaryn ashyp, óndiristing ósuine yqpal etetin taghy 200-ge juyq jana jobany jýzege asyru josparlanyp otyr.

Qazaqstanda sonday-aq 2025–2029 jyldary 140 óndiristik jobany iske qosu kózdelude. Árbir jana zauyt tarihy túrghydan shiykizat eksportyna edәuir tәueldi bolghan ekonomikanyng óndiristik bazasyn keneytuge mýmkindik beredi.

Qazaqstan ózining tabighy artyqshylyqtarynan bas tartpaydy. Múnay, uran, metaldar jәne auyl sharuashylyghy eldi órkendetuge negiz bolatyn salalar retinde qala beredi. Naqty maqsat – atalghan salalardyng ainalasynda shiykizatty el ishinde óndeu, dayyn ónim shygharudy arttyru jәne otandyq óndirushilerdi halyqaralyq jetkizu tizbekterine tartu siyaqty ekonomikanyng qosymsha dengeylerin qalyptastyru.

Dәl osy arada Qazaqstannyng geografiyalyq ornalasuynyng mәni ózgeshe qyrynan kórine bastaydy. Kóp jyldar boyy әlemdik múhiytqa shyghar joly joq eng iri memleket mәrtebesi, eng aldymen, shekteu retinde qarastyrylyp keldi. Býginde Euraziya arqyly ótetin sauda baghyttary qayta qaralyp jatqan kezde, Qazaqstan Qytay, Europa, Resey, Kavkaz jәne Ortalyq Aziya óniri arasyndaghy baylanystyrushy buyn, yaghny toghyz joldyng toraby retindegi rólin barghan sayyn aiqynday týsude.

Aymaqtaghy eng iri ekonomikalyq platforma

Jalpy alghanda, Ortalyq Aziya janghyru kezenine qadam basty. Ózbekstan ekonomikasyn ashyp, qarqyndy damu kezenine qadam basty. Qyrghyz Respublikasy men Tәjikstan da ósim qarqynynyng joghary ekenin kórsetude, degenmen olar tómenirek bazadan bastap otyr. Qazaqstan ýshin kórshiles elderding damyghany tiyimdi: ol naryqtardyng kenenine, sauda baylanystarynyng nyghangyna jәne ónir yqpalynyng artuyna mýmkindik beredi. Alayda Ortalyq Aziya elderining ekonomikalary әzirge qarjylyq jәne institusionaldyq mýmkindikter dengeyi jaghynan Qazaqstanmen birdey dengeyge jetken joq.

Dýniyejýzilik bankting derekterine sәikes, 2025 jyly Qazaqstan ekonomikasynyng nominaldy kólemi shamamen 306 mlrd dollargha jetti, al Ózbekstan ekonomikasynyng kólemi shamamen 147 mlrd dollardy, Qyrghyz Respublikasynyng ekonomikasy 22,6 mlrd dollardy qúrady. Jan basyna shaqqandaghy tabystyng joghary boluy, jinaqtalghan investisiyalar kólemi, neghúrlym damyghan qarjy sektory jәne halyqaralyq iskerlik infraqúrylym Qazaqstangha ónirde airyqsha ról atqarugha mýmkindik beredi.

Sheteldik investisiyalardyng auqymy osy artyqshylyqty aiqyn kórsetedi. Tek 2025 jyly tikeley sheteldik investisiyalardyng (TShI) jalpy aghyny 20,5 mlrd dollargha jetip, 2024 jylmen salystyrghanda 14,4%-gha artty. Qazaqstan ekonomikasy investisiya tartudy jalghastyryp keledi. Búl kórsetkishterding ózi jahandyq aumaly-tókpeli kezeng jaghdayynda da elding halyqaralyq kapital tartu qabiletining saqtalyp otyrghanyn kórsetedi.

Investorlardy belgili bir dәrejede tabighy resurstar qyzyqtyrady, alayda mәsele múnymen ghana shektelip qalmaydy. Qazaqstan auqymdy ekonomikany, kórshiles naryqtargha qoljetimdilikti, Shyghys pen Batys elderimen jolgha qoyylghan baylanystardy, sonday-aq halyqaralyq bizneske baghdarlanghan qarjy instituttaryn úsynady. Múnday ýilesimdilikti basqa elde qysqa merzimde qalyptastyru – kýrdeli mәsele.

Býginde Qazaqstan ónirding negizgi ekonomikalyq platformasy rólin atqaryp otyr. Múnda kapital tartugha, ónim óndiruge jәne kompaniyalar ýshin Ortalyq Aziyanyng keng auqymdy naryghyna shyghuyna mýmkindik jetkilikti.

Syndarly kezendegi serpilis

Jeti jyl – memleketting damu tarihy ýshin salystyrmaly týrde alghanda kóp uaqyt emes. Alayda Qazaqstan ýshin osy bir qas-qaghym kezeng aituly oqighalargha bay uaqyt aralyghy boldy. Preziydent Toqaev 2019 jyly qyzmetine kiriskennen beri eldi daghdarystar jaghdayynda basqardy. Búl ornyqqan sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq jýielerding ózine zor synaq bolar edi.

Onyng basshylyghy bir ghana aituly jobamen emes, memleket, biznes jәne qogham arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastardy janasha qalyptastyrugha degen úmtylyspen sipattaldy. Búl әleumettik infraqúrylymgha basa nazar audarudy, kәsipkerlikti qoldaudy, ónerkәsipti damytudy jәne memlekettik instituttardyng tiyimdiligin arttyrugha baghyttalghan sharalardy qamtydy.

Sonymen qatar Qazaqstan pragmatikalyq kópvektorly syrtqy sayasatyn saqtap keledi. Búl iri derjavalardyng arasynda ornalasqan el ýshin asa manyzdy bolyp qala beredi. Qytaymen, Reseymen, Europalyq Odaqpen, AQSh-pen, sonday-aq islam jәne týrki әlemimen qarym-qatynastardy jolgha qoi elge kapital tartugha jәne geosayasy ydyrau jaghdayynda manevr jasau mýmkindigin saqtaugha mýmkindik berdi.

Sonymen qatar aitarlyqtay syn-qaterler de saqtaluda. Inflyasiya ýy sharuashylyqtarynyng kiristerine әser etude. Iri qalalar men auyldyq jerler arasynda eleuli aiyrmashylyqtar әli de saqtalyp otyr. Infraqúrylym demografiyalyq ósimge ilese damuy qajet, al memleketting ekonomikagha qatysu dengeyi búrynghysynsha joghary. Jana ónerkәsip kәsiporyndary óndiristik kórsetkishterdi oryndaumen ghana shektelmey, shyn mәninde bәsekege qabiletti boluy tiyis.

Búl shekteulerdi moyyndau songhy jeti jyldaghy ózgeristerding auqymyn tómendetpeydi. Kerisinshe, búl ózgeristerding mәn-manyzyn aiqynday týsedi. Kýnin jana pәterde bastap, balasyn jana mektepke aparyp, ornyqty ekonomika jaghdayynda enbek etip, aqsha tauyp jýrgen qarapayym otbasy eshqashan ózin últtyq ózgeristerding aighaghy retinde qabyldamauy mýmkin. Alayda týptep kelgende, damu dәl osynday kýndelikti ózgeristermen ólshenedi. Qazaqstan damu jolyndaghy ótpeli kezendi әli tolyq ayaqtaghan joq. Degenmen Preziydent Toqaevtyng basshylyghymen el búrynghy jetistikterdi saqtap qaludan damudyng kelesi kezenining ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik negizderin qalyptastyrugha kóshti.

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