Kәsibiylilik turaly sóz qozghaghanda onyng naqty bir salanyng qyry men syryn mengergen mamannyng ózi qyzmet etetin salada әli de bolsa jetistikterge úmtylysyn tilge tiyek etemiz. Yaghni, túlgha ózining jaqsy biletin salasyn odan ary damytugha úmtylyp, ózi sýietin kәsippen ainalysuyn jalghastyra bergisi keledi. Búl óz kezeginde sol mamannyng óz salasyn algha damytyp qana qoymay ózgelerge de jaghymdy ýlgi bola alatyndyghyn kórsetedi. Osy túrghydan alyp qaraghanda kәsibiylik pen kәsibiylilik qaghidasy býgingi kýn ýshin basty mәselening birine ainalghanday.

Qazir qoghamda kәsibiylilikke kózqaras ózgerip, «qanday bolsa da iykemdi kadr bәrinen artyq» qaghidasy myqtap oryn aldy. Endigi jerde óz salasynyng biliktili mamany emes, tanys, tamyr, tuys pen kónildesting kýni tuuda. Osy turasynda jalpy kәsibiylilik jayly keybir oilardy ortagha salghym keledi. Jalpy, kәsiby biliktilik degen mamannyng óz salasynyng qyr syryn tek teoriyalyq túrghyda emes tәjiriybe jýzinde mengerip, ózi qyzmet etetin salanyng kemshin tústaryn bayqay bilui jәne ony ózgertuge qauqarynyng boluy. Yaghni, sol adamgha mýmkindik nemese ókilettilik berilgen jaghdayda onyng ózi enbek etetin saladaghy kemshin tústardy kórsetip, olardy dúrystau joldaryn kórsetuge, óz salasynyng damu baghyttaryn aiqyndap, sol maqsatta júmys jýrgizuge  qauqarynyng boluy.

Kәsibiylilik әr qoghamnyng negizgi arqa tirer qorghany, sebebi, kez kelgen memleket, memlekettik organ, barlyq nysandaghy zandy túlghalar óz qyzmet etu tetigin  úiymdastyruda basty ústanym retinde kәsibiylilik qaghidasyn tandaydy. Yaghni, ózining qyzmetin úiymdastyruda naqty sala boyynsha kәsiby bilikti mamandardy qyzmetke tartudy, sol kәsiby bilikti mamandar úsynghan tújyrymdamalar negizinde qyzmet etudi kózdeydi. Memleket tetigining basty qaghidasy kәsibiylilik qaghidasy bolyp tabylady, soghan sәikes, memlekettik organdarda tek kәsiby bilikti mamandardyng qyzmet etu qajettilikteri basty mәsele retinde qarastyrylady. Memlekettik organdarda bilikti mamandardyng qyzmet atqaruy ondaghy burokratiya men qaghazbastylyqty, mindetine nemqúrayly qarau men tolyp jatqan kemshilikterdi boldyrmas edi. Biraq, ókinishke oray qazirgi qazaqstandyq memlekette de, qoghamda da kәsibiylilik qaghidasy deklarativtik sipattan ary asa almauda.

Oghan basty sebep memlekettik qyzmet salasyndaghy sybaylas jemqorlyqtyng әrtýrli nysandarynyng keng etek aluy, kadr sayasatynda adamnyng kәsiby biliktiligi emes ózge qasiyetterining nemese erekshelikterining negizge alynuy, jerlesshildik, rushyldyq, tuysshyldyq, dostyq, shynayy berilgendik jәne t.b. faktorlardyng basshylyqqa alynuy.  Nәtiyjesinde osynday joldarmen naqty lauazymdy iyelengen túlghalardyng óz salasyndaghy jaghdaylarmen tanys bolmauy, tiyisti iske asyryluy qajet sharalardy uaqytynda iske asyrugha qauqarynyng joqtyghy, memleket qyzmetinyng naqty salalaryndaghy olqylyqtardyng oryn aluyna alyp kelude. Tipti, qoghamda oryn alyp jatqan jaghdaylar jastardyng arasynda da kәsibiylikke nemqúrayly qaraugha, mamandyqtyng qyr-syryn mengerudi emes diplom aludy maqsat etushilikke alyp kelude. 

Búl turasynda qazaqstandyq ómirde mysaldar jetkilikti, men memlekettik qyzmetting tómengi eshelonyndaghy naqty jaghdaylargha toqtalmasam da ondaghy jaghdaydyng kónil kónshitpeytini aidan anyq. Naqty mysal retinde songhy jyldary bilim beru salasyn qúrylysshy mamandyghyn iyelengen mamannyn, al densaulyq saqtau salasyn ekonomistin, qorghanys salasyn azamattyq túlghanyng basqarghandyghyn mysal retinde keltiruge bolady. Mening oiymsha, memleket qyzmetining naqty bir bóligining kiltin tek sanaly ghúmyryn sol salagha arnaghan, óz mamandyghynyng qyr syryn mengergen, ózi enbek etetin sala boyynsha qordalanghan mәselelerdi biletin jәne olardy sheshu joldaryn kórsetuge qabyletti adamgha beru ghana sol salanyng algha basuyna alyp kele alady. Búl mәsele memleketting zang shygharu salasyna da qatysty, bizde zang shygharushy organdy kәsibiylendiru mәselesi әli sheshimin tappauda. Áriyne, deputattardyng barlyghy zanger boluy mýmkin de emes shyghar, degenmen, qazirgi memleketting zang shygharu organynyng da qúramynyng basym bóligin kәsiby zangerlerding iyelenui zang shygharu qyzmetining sapasyn jaqsartyp, sauatty zandardyng qabyldanuyna alyp keleri sózsiz. Qazaqta «shaynap bergen as bolmas» degen sóz bar, yaghni, zang tilin mýldem týsinbeytin, tipti, sol sheshilui tiyis mәselening mәnine jete bermeytin deputattar sany kóp bolghan sayyn onda lobby mәselesi de órshy týsedi, sonymen birge, ol deputattardyng naqty mәselege qatysty ózindik ústanymynyng bolmauy sol zandardy úsynushy toptardyng paydasyna sheshilip jatady. Taghy bir eskere ketetin jayt bizding elimizdegi qaghazdyng basty oryngha shyghuy, mening aitpaghym, diplomnyng sóileytindigi. Qazirgi kezdegi parlamentting sapalyq jaghdayyna qatysty esepterde onyng qúramyndaghy deputattardyng birshamasynyng zanger ekendigi tilge tiyek etiledi. Biraq, olardyng qanday zanger ekendigi jóninde mәlimet joq. Sondyqtan, zang shygharu organyna deputat bolyp tek qaysybir jogharghy oqu ornynyng syrttay bólimin bitirdi degen diplomy bar adam emes, zang salasynda qyzmet etken, qúqyqtyq sanasy kәsiby nemese doktrinaldyq dengeyge jetken adamdardyng saylanghany jalpy memlekettik zannamanyng sapasynyng artuyna ong әser ete alar edi.

Mamandardyng kәsiby biliktiligining jogharylyghy mәselening bir bóligining sheshimin tabuyna әser aluy mýmkin. Jalpylama alghanda memleket te, qogham da naqty bir adamdardyng berile qyzmet etuine baylanysty jetistikke jete alady, sol sebepti, eng basty oryngha adamnyng ishki jan dýniyesin qoyghan dúrys. Yaghni, adamdardyng sanasy naqty bir mәselede ortaq arnagha toghyssa, ol mәsele eng aldymen memleket pen qoghamnyng iygiligine qatysty bolsa onda onday memleket mindetti týrde algha damidy. Sondyqtan, qoghamdyq sanany jaqsy baghytqa búru kerek, memleketke qyzmet etushilerding ózi qogham mýsheleri bolghandyqtan sol arqyly memlekettegi de keri ketushilikterdi jonggha bolady. Qazirgi kezdegi bizdegi barlyq mәsele adamdardyng sanasyna baylanysty bolyp túr. Sondyqtan kәsiby mamannyng memleket pen qogham paydasyna qyzmet etui ýshin oghan taghy eki faktor óz septigin tiygize alady. Eng aldymen ol últshyldyq, ekinshisi iman. Eger kәsiby mamannyng boyynsha últshyldyq pen iman birge kórinis tapsa, ol adam qogham ýshin kóp nәrseni jýzege asyra alady.

Osy tústa aldymen, últshyldyqqa týsinikteme bere ketken jón bolar, sebebi, bizding qoghamda últshyldyqqa qatysty teris pikir qalyptasqan. Mening pikirimshe, últshyldyq ol óz últyndy jan-tәninmen sýn, eger jeke mýddeng men últtyq mýdde qatar kelse últtyq mýddeni joghary qong jәne ózge últ ókilderining óz últtaryna degen sezimderine týsinistikpen qaray bilu qabyleti. Kenestik kezende últshyldyq tek Lenindik traktovka boyynsha qabyldandy, últshyldyq teriske shygharylyp, ornyn internasionaldyq sezim basty. Qazirgi memleket te, qogham da osy ústanym shenberinen asa almauda. Biraq, búl óz kezeginde adamdardyng «últqa qyzmet etu» qaghidasynan alshaqtauyna alyp keldi. Búl óz kezeginde әrkimning mýmkindiginshe óz mýddesine qyzmet etip, óz jaqyndary men tuystaryn, rulastaryn jarylqaudy ómirining mәnine ainaldyruyna jol ashty. Naqty bir qyzmet dengeyine kóterilgen adamdardyng rushyldyq, jýzshildik dertine shaldyghyp, óz rulastaryn janyna jinaudy әdetke ainaldyruyna alyp keldi. Últ aldyndaghy, naqty qogham aldyndaghy adamnyng jauaptylyghy mýldem qaperge alynbady. Sondyqtan, qazirgi qoghamda últshyldyqty dúrys baghytta nasihattap, adamdar sanasyna onyng mәnin siniru qajettiligi tuyp otyr.  

Al, kәsibiylikke dinning tikeley qatysy bar dep aitar edim. Búl mәselede taghy da sol sosialistik iydeologiyagha qayta toqtalu qajet. Sebebi, jetpis jyldyq tarihynda sosialistik iydeya qúdaydy joqqa shyghardy, adamdardy tek memleket jasaghan zandarmen ómir sýruge ýndedi, baqy dýniyening joqtyghyna sendirdi. Nәtiyjesinde, adamdar sanasynda tek sosialistik iydealdar men bolashaq úrpaq ýshin ómir sýru qajet degen ústanym qalyptasty. Al, qogham ýshin kýtpegen jerden sosialistik Otannyng kýireui men sosializm iydealdarynyng joqqa shygharyluy auyr soqqy bolyp tiydi. Adamdar tek ómir sýru iydealdarynan ghana emes naqty Otanynan airyldy. Jana qalyptasqan memleket, úsynylghan jana iydeyalar keybireuler ýshin qúndylyq bolyp tanyla almady. Endigi jerde kóptegen adamdar ýshin basty mәsele tek úrpaq qamy men materialdyq qúndylyqtar bolyp qaldy. Nәtiyjesinde, memlekettik qyzmette naqty bir lauazymdy iyelengen adamdar mýmkindiginshe óz otbasy men jaqyndaryna jaqsylyq jasaudy basty maqsatqa ainaldyrdy. Adamdardyng ólgen song japyraq siyaqty shirip joq bolatyndyghyna senui, baqy dýnie men qúday sotyn joqqa shygharuy olardyng óz isterine esep bermeuine, memleket pen qoghamgha degen janashyrlyqtyng bolmauyna alyp keldi. Al, din bolsa jeke adamdardyng qúdayyn tanuyna, sol arqyly óz isteri ýshin qúday aldynda jauap beretindigine senuine sebepker bolary sózsiz. Al, adam qúdaydyng bar ekendigine sense jәne onyng kәrinen qoryqsa sybaylas jemqorlyq mәselesine teris pikirde bolary anyq. Áriyne, men búl jerde tek qúdaygha senu emes, sol qúday aldynda jauap beretindigin tolyqtay sezinu mәselesin tilge tiyek etip otyrmyn.  Ókinishke oray, kenes iydeologiyasymen qalyptasqan sana ýshin qúday aldyndaghy jauaptylyq әli de bolsa sheshushi roli atqara almauda. Bizding memlekettik qyzmette kóptegen bilikti, talantty, bilimdi azamattar jetkilikti, degenmen, olardyng boyyndaghy últshyldyq pen iman mәselesining dengeyi kóp jaghdayda olar qabyldaghan sheshimderge baylanysty kýmәn tudyryp jatady. Biraq, men bolashaqta memlekettik qyzmette belgili bir mólsherde kәsiby biliktiligine úlshyldyghy men imany serik bolghan mamandardyng kelerine senemin.

Kәsibiylilik mәselesi tek memleket ýshin manyzdy emes jeke kәsip te kәsibiylilik qaghidasyna negizdelui tiyis, qazirgi kezde kәsipkerlik salasynda kәsiby biliktiligi joghary mamandargha súranys joghary, sebebi, jeke kәsipkerlikte aghayynshylyq pen ózge de qatynastar shetke ysyrylyp qalady. Sondyqtan, búl salada kәsibiylilik qaghidasy shyndyghynda da óz ornynda dep aitugha bolady. Biraq, búl tek jeke kәsipkerlikke baylanysty, al, memleketke qarasty mekemeler, kәsiporyndar men ózge zandy túlghalargha qatysty jaghday jalpy memlekettik qyzmettegiden artyp otyrghan joq. Biraq, múnda da bir eskere ketetin jaghday bar, biz aityp otyrghan kәsiby biliktiligi joghary mamandar ózderin jaldaushylargha qyzmet etu barysynda memlekettik nemese últtyq mýddelerdi eskermeydi, sonymen qatar, ózderi qyzmet etken zandy túlghany ózge jaqsy úsynys bolsa onay tastap kete beredi. Yaghni, múnday sipattaghy kәsiby mamandardyng memlekettik qyzmetke kelui tiyimsiz, sebebi, olardy joghary kórsetilgen últshyldyq pen iman mәselesi jetkilikti dengeyde bolmauy mýmkin.

Sonymen qatar, kәsibiylilik mәselesi tek adamdarmen shektelmeydi, ol memleketke de tikeley qatysty. Memleket degenimizding ózi naqty bir adamdardyng qoghamdy basqaru ýshin qúrghan kýrdeli sayasy úiymy dep qarastyrsaq, ol da adamdar siyaqty tirlik jasauy tiyis. Adamdar qoghamnyng ózge mýshelerimen bәsekelese otyryp damityn bolsa, memleketter de halyqaralyq arenada óz ornyn tabuy qajet. Búl jerde memleketting syrtqy sayasy ústanymynan ózge onyng әlemdik naryqta alatyn orny da naqtylanady. Áu basta qúday adamdardy qalay әrtýrli etip, әrqily mýmkindik berip jaratsa, memleketterge de dәl sonday ózindik mýmkindikter bergen. Ár adam ómirde óz ornyn tauyp qoghamgha qanday da bir payda әkeluge úmtylsa memleket te әlemdik qauymdastyqta óz ornyn aiqyndauy tiyis. Memleketting әlemdegi orny onyng әrtýrli is sharalar úiymdastyryp, ózgelerding nazaryn ózine audaryp, ózin jarnamalap, ózgelerge tanytuymen aiqyndalmaydy. Memleket ózine tәn órkeniyetimen jәne ekonomikalyq jetistikterimen әlemdik qauymdastyqta óz ornyn aiqynday alady. Osyghan baylanysty memleketter әlemdik arenada tek sayasy jaghynan ghana emes ekonomikalyq baghytta da ózara bәsekelestikke týsip, damuda. Búl tústa key memleketterge bay tabighy qorlar berse, key memleketterge joq nәrseden bar jasaudy nәsip etti. Qazirgi kezde elimiz qúday bergen tabighy qorlar arqasynda qalypty ómir sýrudi bastan keshirude dep eseptesek, onyng ózine qúday bergen mýmkindikti qanshalyqty dәrejede paydalanyp otyrghandyghy jóninde pikirler әrtýrli. Elimizding qazirgi kezde otarlyq kezennen qalghan shiykizattyq el sipaty әli ózgergen joq, býginderi ol naryqtaghy janar-jaghar may defisiytinen keyin jay qogham mýshelerine naqty sezile bastady. Qoghamda múnayly elding múnay ónimderining importyna tәueldi boluy jayly týrli pikirler aityluda. Elimizding ekonomikanyng naqty sektory boyynsha kәsibiylenui әli de óz sheshimin tappauda. Kezinde qazaqtyng ozyq oishyldarynyng biri Smaghúl Sәduaqasov qazaq elining Odaq qúramynda kәsibiylenui jayly mәsele kótergen edi. Ol qazaqtyng múnay men auylsharuashylyghy ónimderin ózimizde óndep Odaq naryghyna dayyn ónimmen shyghudy úsynghan bolatyn. Degenmen, osy mәsele býgingi kýni de ashyq kýiinde qalyp otyr. Býgingi kýni de elimiz ýshin basty kәsiby týrde mamandanatyn salalar tútynushygha qajet dayar múnay, metall jәne auylsharushylyq ónimderin eksporttau bolyp otyr. Búl salalarda elimizding mýmkindigi óte zor bolsa da ýkimetting mashina jasau siyaqty biz ýshin keremet mýmkindik bermeytin salalargha basa nazar audaruy kónil qynjyltady. Sebebi, jenil jәne auyr mashina jasau óndirisi kóptegen elderde jolgha qoyylghan, jyl sanap jana tehnologiyalar engizilude. Al, elimizde dayar mashina bólshekterin jinap, oghan «Qazaqstanda jasalghan» degen jazudy ornalastyru damu kórsetkishi bolyp tabylmaydy. Sonymen qatar, kompiuterlik tehnologiyalar boyynsha ýlken jetistikterge jetken eldermen bәsekelesuge bizding әleuetimizding jetkiliksizdigin moyyndau qajet. Tehnologiyalyq salada mamandanudy maqsat etsek aldymen auylsharuashylyq, múnay  ónimderin óndeu tehnologiyasyn mengerip, óndeu óndirisine qajet qúral jabdyqtardy jasaudy qolgha alghan dúrysyraq bolar edi.  Memleket elimizding qúday bergen mýmkindikterin jýzege asyru arqyly әlemdik naryqtan óz ornyn ala alatyny sózsiz, sondyqtan ózimizde bar mýmkindikterdi paydalanyp, bar nәrseni úqsata biluge úmtylu kóp nәtiyje bereri sózsiz.  Ol ýshin eng aldymen múnay óndeu zauyttarynyng sanyn kóbeytu jәne múnay óndeuding jana tehnologiyalaryn óndiriske engizu qajet. Mýmkin, búl alghashqy kezde keybir ekonomister aityp jýrgendey paydasyz da boluy mýmkin. Biraq, shiykizat arzan bolghandyqtan uaqyt óte kele óndeu óndirisining ekonomikalyq tiyimdiligi artary sózsiz. Qazirgi kezdegi әlemdegi múnay naryghynda oryn alyp jatqan jaghdaylar elimizding ekonomikasyn tek shiyki múnay eksportyna baylaudyng qauiptiligin dәleldeu ýstinde. Ekinshiden, auylsharuashylyghyn, onyng ishinde mal sharuashylyghyn damytu jәne osy sektorda óndeu óndirisin iske qosu elimizding ekonomikasyn eselep damytaryna eshkim qarsylyq bildire almas. Sebebi, qúdaydyng ózi  elimizding aumaghynda mal sharuashylyghynyng damuyna  eng qolayly jaghdaydy jasap bergen. Endigi jerde maldyng tek etin ghana emes, sýtin, terisin, jýnin, tipti sýiegin óndep, aqyrghy ónimdi tútynushy qolyna jetkize bilu mýmkindigin arttyrudy basty maqsat etip qon qajet. Qazirgi kezde elimizding malsharuashylyghy ónimderin ózge elderden importtauy búl salanyng tipti jolgha qoyylmaghandyghynan habar beredi. Et, sýt ónimderining jetkiliksizidigin bylay qoyghanda, halyqtyng qolynda bar úsaq maldyng jýnin qayda ótkizerin bilmey otyrghandyghy jasyryn emes. Ýkimet tarapynan qanshama baghdarlamalar men josparlar jasalynyp jatsa da  búl salanyng algha jyljymauyna mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysushylargha beriletin kreditterding payyzdyq mólsherlemelerining jogharylyghy keri әserin tiygizude. Mal ósiruge halyqty jappay yntalandyru ýshin ýkimet búl salamen ainalysushylargha payyzsyz nesie beru arqyly qol jetkize alady. Sebebi, mal birden payda әkelmeydi, oghan belgili uaqyt mólsheri qajet etiledi, sonymen qatar, maldyng shyghyngha úshyrau qaupi mol, sondyqtan, búl salagha nesie berude payyzdyq mólsherleme taghayyndau mýldem qisynsyz. Áriyne, búl jerde maldyng sapasyn arttyru mәselesining memleket tarapynan qolgha alynghanyn aita ketken oryndy bolar. Degenmen, dәl qazir mal basyn asyldandyrudy shet elden asyl túqymdy mal satyp alumen emes, ózimizding qazaq ghalymdary seleksiyadan ótkizgen túqymdar arqyly jýzege asyru kóp ónimdilik berer edi. Sol arqyly otandyq auylsharuashylyghy ghylymynyng tәjiriybemen úshtasa damuy qolgha alynsa, ekinshi jaghynan osy saladaghy mamandardyng júmyspen qamtyluy jýzege asyrylar edi. Al, úsaq maldyng jýnin óndep, túrmystyq qajettilikke jaratu mal basynyng artuy men osy sala boyynsha óndeu óndiris oshaqtarynyng sanynyng artuyna ong yqpal eteri sózsiz. Osy tústa jýnnen jasalghan ónimderding súranysqa ie emestigi sóz boluy mýmkin, oghan «qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershilik» úghymyn nasihattau arqyly halyqtyng jýn ónimderine degen kózqarasyn ózgertu mýmkindigining barlyghymen jauap beruge bolady. Múnda bizding halyqtyng ózindik erekshelikterine say ómir sýru saltyn qalyptastyru mәselesin kóteruge bolady. Men qayta kóshpendi ómir sýrudi nasihattap otyrghan joqpyn, biraq, búrynghy zamanda paydalanylghan jýnnen jasalghan búiymdardy zamanauy talaptargha say óndeu jәne bezendiru jolymen úsynu mýmkindigin aitqym keledi. Mysaly, jýnnen jasalghan tekemetterding eger dúrystap әrlese kilemnen nesi kem, artyqtyghy bolmasa. Óz basym elimizde jasalsa jýnnen jasalghan qystyq syrt kiyimderdi ýlken maqtanyshpen kiyer em. Osy maqsatta  halyq arasynda jýnnen jasalghan ónimderding keng nasihattalyp, olardyng súranysqa ie boluyna jaghday tudyru kerek.  Tek, endigi jerde eng aldymen halyqtyng mal sharuashylyghyna degen kózqarasyn ózgertip, oghan memlekettik túrghydan qoldau kórsetu qajet. Ata-babadan qalghan kәsip mal baghumen ainalysatyn adamnyng qoghamdaghy bedelin arttyru ýshin osy salada enbek etetin adamdardy nasihattap, olardyng enbek aqysynyng eng tómengi mólsherin aiqyndau qajet. Mal baghudyng da kәsip ekendigin, ol ýshin de belgili bir mólsherde biliktilikting qajet ekendigin týsindiru júmystary jýrgizilgeni, tipti memlekettik kәsiptik liyseylerde mal baghu boyynsha arnayy mamandyq ashyp, mal baghudyn, mal kýtimining qyr-syryn ýiretu qajet shyghar. Búl salada jetistikke jetu ýshin eng aldymen, jergilikti jerlerde malsharuashylyghy ónimderin óndep, dayyn ónim shygharatyn shaghyn kәsiporyndardyng ashylyp, júmys isteuine memleket qoldau kórsetui qajet. Sәikesinshe, ónim óndeushi kәsiporyndar auyldyq jerlerde ashylsa auyl halqynyng qalagha qaray jónkile kóshui bәsendeydi, sol arqyly demografiya mәselesi de janama týrde óz sheshimin taba alar edi.

Bir sózben aitqanda, kәsibiylik qaghidasyna naqty kónil bólinip, adamdardyng da memleketting de kәsibiylenui bolashaqta jaqsy nәtiyjege qol jetkizuding kepili bolar edi.

Esbol Ómirjanov

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