Býgingi әlem halyqtarynyng bir milliardtan astamy bir jútym sugha zar bolyp, anqasy kepken zaman tudy. Tútas aumaghynyng 70 payyzyn su basyp jatqan jer sharynyng osynsha qatalaghan kýiine senersiz, bәlki, senbessiz?! Eger sarapshylardyng pikirine qúlaq assaq, búl jaghday 2025 jylgha qaray mýldem ushyghatyn kórinedi. Shamamen júmyr jer jaylaghan adamzattyng 80 payyzy auyz sugha zar bolatyn synayly. Tipti múnyng saldary transshekaralyq ózenderi bir-birine kógendelgen kóp elderding «qabaq shytysyp», qaqtyghyp-soqtyghysuyna úlasuy da mýmkin desedi. Búl mәsele shekaraaralyq ózenderi sualyp bara jatqan Qazaqstangha da qatysty bolsa kerek.

Búghan osydan әldeneshe jyl búryn Astanada ótken NATO-nyng Parlamenttik assambleyasynyng «Euro-atlantikalyq qauipsizdikting kókeytesti mәseleleri jónindegi parlamentaralyq súhbattastyghy» forumynda aitylghan myna bir daqpyrtty sóz dәlel syndy. Sol keleli keneste NATO PA-syndaghy Fransiya Últtyq assambleyasy delegasiyasynyng mýshesi Lyoyk Buvard: «Auyz sudyng jetispeushiligi Ortalyq Aziya elderin jaulastyryp tynady, ne aimaqtyq kiriguding meylinshe qarqyndy jýruine týrtki bolady. Qalay bolghanda da, auyz su mәselesi aldaghy onjyldyqtarda eng ózekti taqyrypqa ainalghaly túr!» – degen edi. Sol joly azuly úiymnyng ókili bizding elding qamyn jep aitpasa da, «jamannyng sandyraghy» keledining kebin kiyip, býginde Orta Aziyanyng sugha zaryqqan kýnderi bastalghan.

Búl turaly Batys BAQ-y týgel baqaday shulap ketkeli qashan? Sonyng bir aighaghy – «Water initiatives» jurnaly: «Songhy kezde әlemde su tapshylyghy qatty bilinude. Ashyq soghysqa alyp kelmese de, teketires oshaqtary payda bola bastady... Mәselen, songhy 20 jylda Týrkiya Tigr men Efrat ózenderine 22 bóget jәne 17 GES salugha kiristi. Osylaysha qos ózenning tómengi aghysynda jatqan Siriya men Irakty qatalatugha kóshti. Al býgin ýnsiz otyrghanymen, erteng súrqy qashyp, «shóldegen» iraktyqtar men siriyalyqtar týrikterge qarsy shabuy әbden mýmkin. Su mәselesi Orta Aziyada da qatty sezilude. Sonyng ishinde Ámudariya men Syrdariyany qatar emip jatqan Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikstan, Ózbekstan, Qazaqstan, Týrkimenstan arasynda da teketires bar», – dep jazady.

Osy bir kýdikting kýmәnsiz shyndyqqa ainalyp bara jatqanyn sugha qatysty mәselelerdi talyqpay zerttep jýrgen AQSh professory Aaronom Volifannyng týitkilge toly pikiri rastay týskendey. Onyng aituynsha: «Álemning 45,3 payyzynda ómir sýrip jatqan 145 memleket 263 transshekaralyq ózenderdi paydalanady. Qazir osy memleketter arasynda su dauy qatty kóterilude. Múnyng arty ýlken qaqtyghystargha alyp kelui әbden mýmkin», – deydi (http://www.m-astana.kz/article/view?id=1729 ).

Osy orayda ótken jyldardyng enshisindegi myna bir uaqighany da eskeruimiz kerek! 2013 jyly shilde aiynyng 7 júldyzynda tóskeyde maly, tósekte basy qosylghan qúdayy kórshimiz qyrghyz aghayyn qighylyq salyp, elimizge aghatyn Kóksay kanalyn bógep tastaghan edi. Eki el arasynda transshekaralyq ózenge baylanysty kelisim bola túra, aiyr qalpaqty aghayynnyng sondaghy alatayday býlinuining sebebi – shekara manyndaghy jer dauy bolatyn. «Osynyng saldarynan Jualy audanynyng júrty 11 kýn boyy eginjayyn sughara almay, әure-sarsangha týsken. Al 1800 gektar jerdi iygergen 150 qojalyq ýshin quanshylyqqa tap bolu óz-ózindi buyndyryp óltirumen para-par bolatyn...» (http://zhebe.com/index.php/o-am/item/705-s-rauy-bar-sudy-a-ysy-kalaj.html).

Mine, búl bizge shekara asyp keletin 44 tekshe/shaqyrymdy (Qazaqstandaghy ózenderding jyldyq kólemi 105,5 t/sh – Q.Q.) jalpy su mólsherining 3 t/sh-yn ghana qúraytyn Qyrghyzstannyng әlegi. Anyghyn aitqanda, transshekaralyq ózendermen ózegimizden býrudi kózdegen «bir tughan» bauyrlas osynday qighylyq salyp jatqanda, Ertis pen Ilening jogharghy saghasyn bitep jatqan qytaydan ne ýmit, ne qayyr kýtesiz? 

Múnan da joghary kórsetkishpen kókiregine nan piserdey bop jýrgen ózge ýsh transshekaralyq ózeni bar el býlinse, su týbi qúrdym bolmasyna kim kepil?! Senbeseniz, myna kórsetkishterge zer salynyz: el aumaghyna Reseyden – 7,4 t/sh, Ózbekstannan – 13,7 jәne Qytaydan – 19,9 t/sh su keledi eken. Búl arada mamandar mәlimdemesine mәn bersek, transshekaralyq ózender boyynsha Reseymen ghana jasalghan kelisimder júmys istep, búl mәsele birshama rettelgen eken.

Sonymen birge 2001 jyldardan bastap qolgha alynghan qazaq-qytay transshekaralyq kelisimi jyl attaghan sayyn qiiy ketip, siyrqúiymshaqtana bergen. Sonan beri bizding biylik shyghystaghy kórshining әlpeshtegen hanshasyn alyp qashqan aiyptyday, aldyna neshe barghan. Alayda sheshilgen týiin, kelisilgen kelisim joq.

Osy qal-qadiri ketken Qazaqstan-Qytay arasyndaghy kelisim turaly Geografiya instituty diyrektorynyng orynbasary Sayat Álimqúlov: «Su resurstary komiytetinde kadrlar tapshy. Mening bayqaghanym – transshekaralyq ózenderdi birlesip paydalanu jónindegi Qazaqstan-Qytay kelissózderine su mәselesin biletin 2 – 3-aq adam barady. Qalghandary isti tereng bilmegendikten, kelissózderge aralasa almaydy. Qytaydyng su sharuashylyghy ministrligine tikeley baghynatyn arnayy jobalau institutynda su sharuashylyghyn «shemishkeshe shaghatyn» joghary kәsiby mamandar otyr. Birlesken komissiyagha da, sarapshylar tobynyng jiynyna da solar keledi. Al bizding birlesken komissiyanyng jәne sarapshylar tobynyng jetekshileri kóp almasady. Soraqysy sol, olar búl salanyng mamany bolmaghandyqtan, taqyrypty tereng iygere almaydy. Endi iygeremin degeninshe, auysyp ketedi», – dep bizge qatysty mәselening mәnisin mәlim etti.

Al auyl sharuashylyghy ministri Asyljan Mamytbekov: «Búl jalghan sóz, – deydi. – Qazaqstan men Qytay arasyndaghy transshekaralyq ózenderding suyn birlesip paydalanu jónindegi eki jaqty kelissózderge Su resurstary komiytetining bilgir mamandary ghana barady. Bizde onday mamandargha tapshylyq joq. Geografiya institutynyng ókilderi syrtymyzdan dattamay, sol sózdi betimizge aitsyn! «Geografiya instituynda geograf mamandar joq! Al onda otyrghandar geografiyany bilmeydi dep biz de aita alamyz. Biraq odan ne payda?», – dep aqtalady.

Rasynda, әngime sol «ne payda» sózine tirelip túrmay ma? Ministr Mamytbekov «ótirikshining shyn sózi zaya» ekenin bilmese kerek. Tipti kýni keshe shetel asyryp әkelmek bolghan týligining týgel jerde emes, aspanda qalyqtaghan úshaq ishinde qyrylyp qalghanyn sheneunik myrza úmytpauy lәzim. Sonan song baryp «ayta alu» men «ayta almau» tónireginde oilanbaq kerek.

Ótken ghasyrdyng 60 – 70-jyldary jýrgizilgen zertteulerde eldegi su qory 126 myng t/sh dep eseptelse, qazir ol 100 myng t/sh-gha azayghan. Tek bir ghana Ertis ózenining ózi 2007 jyldardan keyin kýrt sualyp, aghysyn bәsendetken.

Asylynda múnday jәitterding birden-bir sebebi de – Aspan asty elining juyq jyldardan beri qyruar qarjy bólip, Qara Ertisti alqymday týskenimen týsindirilip keledi. Qytay eli ishki ólkelerindegi quanshylyq jaylaghan jerlerdi taza túshy sumen qamtamasyz etu maqsatynda 2012 jyly taghy ýstemelep 10 milliard dollar qarjy júmsaghan. Sonyng saldarynan Qytay shekarasy arqyly ótetin eki iri ózen – Ertis pen Ilening bizge qaray aghatyn ýlesi kýrt azaya týsken. Ekolog mamandar búl jaghday sozylmaly dertke ainalsa, shyghystaghy Zaysan kóli men Ile qúyatyn Balqash pen Qapshaghay tartylyp, elde «ekinshi Aral» payda bolu qaupi bar ekenin aityp, dabyl qaghuda.

Búghan qosa Qazaqstan jәne Resey memleketteri transshekaralyq ózenderdi qorghap, paydalanu jónindegi Helisinky konvensiyasyn Qytay tarapyna moyyndap, qol qoyyn ótinip, әrtýrli dengeyde kelissózder jýrgizgenimen, oghan Qytay osy uaqytqa deyin kelise qoyghan joq. Demek, kórshi el ýshin qazaq ýkimetining on jyl boyy tyrashtanghan «tirligi» shybyn shaqqan qúrly bolmaghangha úqsanqyraydy.

Búryndary Tótenshe jaghdaylar ministri Vladimir Bojko 2050 jyly Qazaqstanda múzdaqtar erip bitedi degen boljam aitqan edi. Sarapshylardyng aituyna qaraghanda, osy merzimge tayau uaqytta ghalamdyq jylymyq saldarynan Qazaqstannyng aua temperaturasy 3 gradusqa artady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde shóleyt jerding kólemi soltýstikke qaray 300–400 shaqyrymgha endep, elding azyq-týlik qauipsizdigine qater tónedi eken. Aua temperaturasynyng kóterilui jem-shóp qorynyng 30–90%-gha kemuine, Qostanay, Aqmola jәne Pavlodar oblystaryndaghy astyq shyghymynyng 25–60%-gha, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda 70–90%-gha kemuine әser etedi», – degen bolatyn.

Endi oilap kórinizshi! Elimizding astyq qambasyna ainalghan soltýstik ónirding (2011 jylghy astyqtyng teng jartysynan astamy 9 million tonnany bir ózi qamdaghan) múnsha shólirkeui qisapsyz shyghyngha batyratyny anyq. Auyl sharuashylyq mamandary 1990 jyldardaghy ne bәri 5 payyzdyq suarmaly jerding búl kýnde tartyla kele, astyq týsimin 6 esege kemitkenin algha tartady. Endi jogharydaghy ministr Bojkonyng aitqanyn aipara aqiqat dep tanyp, jýirik esepke salar bolsaq, tәuelsizdikting 20 jyldyghynda sensasiyagha ainalghan Soltýstik Qazaqstannyng ózinde qorjynyndaghy 9 million tonna derlik astyq qúrdymgha keteri ekibastan belgili.

Shyntuaytyna kelgende, biz Batystyng «túshy su tapshylyghy qauip-qaterining soghystan da asyp týsedi», iya bolmasa, «auyz su qúny bolashaqta múnaydan da qymbat bolady» degenge sayatyn bәtuәli boljamyn eshuaqytta teriske shyghara almaymyz. Sonymen qatar jogharyda keltirilgen bir qydyru mysaldar shenberinde oilana kele, «qolda bar altyndy» parasattylyqpen paydalana bilu kerekpiz.

Qazirgi tanda el aumaghynda túshy su tóniregindegi eki týitkilding etek alyp bara jatqany shyndyq. Onyng bireui – el túrghyndarynyng birynghay taza auyz sumen qamtylmauy bolsa, endi bireui – sol atalghan sudyng jappay lastanuy. Mamandardyng boljamyna negizdelsek, jogharydaghy jetispeushilik pen lastanudyng negizgi faktory retinde de – bastau kózin ózge el shekarasynan alatyn irili-úsaqty ózender eskeriledi. Bir ghana Ontýstik Qazaqstan auyl sharuashylyghynyng kýre tamyryna ainalghan Syrdariya ózeni әldeqansha memleketterdi basyp ótetindikten, tolassyz bógetter men bylghanugha tap bolady eken. Al auyz su tapshylyghynan búl ónir túrghyndary atalmysh ózen suyn tútynatynyn eskersek, onan tuyndaghan qaterdi elestetu – óte qorqynyshty.

Esterinizge sala ketsek, 2002–2010 jyldargha arnalghan «Auyz su» baghdarlamasy ayaqtalmay jatyp, onyng ornyna 2011–2020 jyldary halyqty auyz sumen qamtamasyz etu jónindegi jana baghdarlama – «Aq búlaq» payda bolghan edi. Memlekettik budjetten ony iske asyrugha jyl sayyn milliardtaghan tenge bólinui tiyis. Biraq osy orasan zor qarjynyng jartysyna juyghy auyz su qúbyrynyng qatarymen «jerge kómiletini» – jalpaq júrtty jaylaghan jemqorlyqtyng «jemisi» dep bilu kerek.

P.S. Osyndayda tútas әngimege arqau bolghan Geografiya instituty diyrektorynyng orynbasary Sayat Álimqúlovtyng oryndy pikirine ilana ketuge әzirsin.

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Onyng atauy sudan bastalatyn Sudyrahmet esimi bolmasa, eldegi su zaryn «Su patshasy – múrap» siyaqty sheship tastar týri joq...

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(proekt «DAT» № 37 (261) 16 qazan 2014 jyl