Týrki әlemining óneri men mәdeniyetining janashyry bolyp otyrghan «TÝRKSOY» úiymy biylghy jyldy tughanyna 150 jyl tolyp otyrghan Toqtaghúl Satylghanov jyly dep jariyalap, iygi sharalar úiymdastyruda.

Toqtaghúl 1864 jyly Qyrghyz­stan­da Ket­men-Tóbe alqabynda kedey sharua otbasynda tughan. Ol әn-jyr aitudy anasy Býrmeden ýire­nedi. On eki jasynda baygha jalshy­lyqqa berilip, auyr túrmys tapshy­lyghyn erte kóredi. Jasynan komuzymen kýy shertip, jyr jyrlaydy, tógiltip әn aitady. Týrli toy-tomalaqtyng gýli bolyp, el arnayy shaqyra bastaydy.

Alghash ret 1882 jyly Arzymat aqynmen aitysqa týsip, bala qy­ran­day ot ólenimen býrip, jenip shyghady. Barghan sayyn alysqa shabatyn túlpar­day tynysy ashylyp, órisi keneyip, alys-jaqyn el-júrt qau­ma­lap, tórine shygharyp, ónerin tamashalaydy. Arystanbek, Qalyghúl, Molda Qy­lysh jәne basqa da aqyndardyng jyrlarymen tanysyp, ejelgi kóne qissa-dastandardy júrt­qa aita bastaydy. 1884 jyly 21 jasynda Toty degen qyzgha ýilenedi, odan Topshybay degen tún­ghyshy dýniyege keledi.

Án-jyrymen eli erkeletken Toq­taghúl aqyndy patsha ókimeti tút­qyndap, 1898 jyly 3 tamyzda Namanghanda sot ólim jazasyna ýkim shygharyp, ony dargha asyp óltiru turaly auyr jaza belgileydi. Keyin ony 25 jyldyq katorgada jaza­laugha auystyrady.

Krasnovodsk–Mәskeu–Irkutsk arqyly jazalau ornyna 17 ay jol jýrip, әzer azyp-tozyp jetedi. Jol­da Toqtaghúl qashyp shy­ghyp, ústa­lyp, qosymsha taghy 12 jylgha sottalady. Ekinshi mәrte 1905 jyly katorgadan qashyp, 3 aidan keyin qaytyp ústalady. Qolyndaghy baltamen qomuz shauyp jasap, oghan balalaykanyng qy­lyn jalghap, zarly da sherli, elin, jerin saghynghan әn-kýilerin shy­gharady.

Ýshinshi mәrte 12 jyl katorgada otyr­ghan song qashyp shyghyp, arnayy basqa jolmen, Sibirdi aralap, kóp tauqymetpen 1910 jyly eline jetedi. Ansap, saghynyp jetse, әieli basqa bireuge tiyip ketken, jalghyz úly qaytys bolypty. Sonyna týsken tynshy­lar qoymay Namanghan týrmesine taghy qamay­dy. Biraq búl joly býkil el-júrty dýr kóterilip, Eshmambet, halyq aqyndary bas qosyp, 20 myng som qarjy jinap, aqynyn týrmeden bosatyp alady. Qyrghyz elining úly aqyny Toqtaghúl 1933 jyly tughan auylynda qaytys bolady.

T.Satylghanov – iri suyrypsalma aqyn, әri 50-den astam әn­deri bar kompozitor, asqan kýishi-qomuzshy. A.V. Zataevich 1928 jyly Toq­ta­ghúl­dyng óz auzynan 18 әnin jazyp alghan. V.Vinogradov onyng aqyndyq, kompoziy­torlyq, jyrshylyqtaghy san qyrly óne­rin zerttep «Toqtaghúl Satylghanov jәne qyrghyz aqyndary» atty ki­tap jazyp shygharghan. Toqtaghúl – qomuzymen qyrghyz, qazaq, ózbek, tatar, tәjik, orys әn-jyrlarynyng әuenin shertip, әnderin aitqan besaspap әnshi. Onyng «Kerbez», «Arman», «Ar­man Kerbez», «Álimhan», «Te­ris­qaghys», «Sen, sen dýniye», «Kókeykesti», «Myn-tolghau» taghy basqa da әn-jyrlary týrki әle­mining inju-marjany, ortaq qazy­nasy.

Toqtaghúl Jambylmen búryn­nan tanys, jegjat, bir-birining óne­rin qatty qadir­legen iri aqyndar. Katorgadan qashyp kele jatyp jolay Alataudyng teriskeyindegi Jambylgha jolygha keteyin dep ke­ledi. Jambyl aqyn dosyn jiber­mey eki ay tynyqtyryp, ýstine kiyim, astyna at berip, qasyna kisi qosyp eline shygharyp salady. Búl jóninde Toqtaghúl bylay jyr­laydy:

Mine, Jәke búl kýni,

Men bir bayghús sorlaghan.

El ekenbiz әuelden,

Qyrghyz-qazaq bir tughan.

Úzynaghashta jatqanmyn…

Rizamyn qazaq halqyna.

Úzaqbay men Sýleymen,

Jamantay, Jәke – bir tughan.

Qúday meni ondyrmas,

Qasiyetindi úmytsam! – deydi. Jyr alyby Jambyldyng da Toq­ta­ghúl jayly birneshe óleni bar.

Oqyrmandarymyzgha osy eki elding úly aqyndarynyng bir kez­de­sui haqyndaghy әngimeni bayan eteyik.

* * *

Aqyndargha Shәbden manap asyn­da ýshinshi kýni ghana kezek tiydi. Qatarynan asyp tughan Erkebay myrza búl jerde de sanlaqtyghyn tanytyp, top jaryp ketti:

– Qadirimizge jetetin, bir-birimizge sózimiz ótetin, ainalayyn, qyrghyz aghayyn­­dar! Aldyna adam týspegen, auzymen qús tistegen shahiboz Shәbden ma­naptyng asynyng ataghyn aqyndar aspandatady. Jaryqtyq Shәkenning arua­ghy men dәuletine say búl alqaly jiyndy qazaq-qyrghyz arasynda Jә­ken, bizding Jambyl bastasyn. Ol ataqty qyzyl jel Sýiin­baydan bata alghan inisi, aqyndary shalqyghan dariya-kóldey asyp-tógilgen qyzyrly qazaq elinen. Býginde oghan para-par aqyn joq. Kýni keshe qúlan ayan Qúlmanbetti, Sarbasty jengen, kómeyine ólen-jyr úya salghan Jәkeng búl! – dep suyryla jónelgende bәri maqúl desip, toy iyeleri de osyghan toqtam jasady.

Jambyl úshatyn qyranday eki iyghyn qomdap, dýr silkinip qyrlanyp, ensesin tiktep kóterip alyp, sanq ete qaldy. Qart Alataudyng kýngey-teris­keyine aty anyz bolghan Jantay han, onyng úly Shәbden manaptyng el aldyn­daghy kisiligin terennen qayyryp, meymandar atynan as iyelerine niyet qabyl bolsyn, Shәkenning aruaghy jәnnatta shalqysyn dey kelip, artyndaghy úrpaq­taryna layym bereke-qút tiledi. Jaq­sy­dan jaqsy tua­dy, súnqardan súnqar shyghady, olar búl elden shyqqan talay bekter men myrzalarday, jaysang babalarynday berekeli de mәrtebeli bolatyny haq. Alatau­dyng kýngeyindegi qyrghyzben toyymyz da, oiymyz da ortaq. Manas atamyzdyng úrpaqtary kýndey kýlsin, jazday jadyrasyn…

Aqyn-jyrshylar ortasynda otyrghan Jә­ken­ning ólendi aitqan sayyn shabyttana, tabany qyzyp, bauyryn jazghan túlparday qayrattana týsetinine, tandy tangha úryp aitqan jyr-dastandaryn bir mәjiliste eshuaq qaytala­maytynyna, týpsiz múhittay bitpeytin qazyna-kenine el qayran qalady. Ýsti-ýstine tasqyn­dap asyp-tógilgen kileng inju-marjanday gha­jayyp әueni men jyry kelisim tauyp, jaghym­dy anyq ýnmen, dombyra әuenimen qabysyp, bet-әlpeti ajarlanyp, shyraylana, býkil qiy­myl-bolmy­symen aitar oiy jarasyp, jýre­gindi shymyrlatady, shymyldatady, ýlbirek sezimindi әldiy­leydi, aqqústay qanat bitirip, keudendi parlatyp biyikke, týu biyikke kóteredi-au dersin! Anau-mynaugha toqtamay aitqan sayyn keude sarayy, ýni ashylyp, qyzdar tikken kestedey týrlenip, dauylsha soghady, arghymaq­sha kósilip, býrkitshe shýiligedi, ile samal bop jelpinip, júldyz­darday jymyndaydy, súlu­larday synqylday­dy. Taudyng móldir suly ózenindey tasyp-tógilgen dariya-jyr yntyq­tyryp, terenine sýngitip, túnyghyn ishkizip, júparyn jútqyzyp, basqa әlem – peyish esigine kirgizip jiberedi-ay!

Toqtaghannan keyin de managhy әdemi sezim, әserli jyrdan aryla almaghan júrt Jambylgha tebirene, yntygha qarap tym-tyrys әudem ua­qyt otyryp qalady. Dombyrasyn keregege sýiep, mandayyn jibek oramalmen sýrtingen Jambyl aldyndaghy shara toly qymyzdy úrt­tay iship, keyin sheginshektey jastyqqa jan­tayghanda baryp, esin jighan júrt keu-keulep ketti.

– Ólendi aitsa Jambyl aitsyn!

– Jambyldy tughan anasynan ainaldyq!

– Jaghyna jyr, tandayyna óleng úya salghan eken!

– Endi әnshi-jyrshylar kezekpen kezek tamasha ghyp otyryndar.

Jәkeng qazir «Manasty» bir bastasa as bitkenshe eshqaysyna kezek tiymes. Asyl qazy­na, altyn kómbe ghoy búl kisi… – dep Erkebay óz qolymen Jambylgha qymyz úsyndy.

Jәkenning didary núrlanyp, shyrayy ashylyp, tipti jasaryp ketkendey tóniregine synay qaraydy. Búrynghy ataq-daqpyrty bar, oghan managhy seldey tasqyndatqan qyrghyzdardyng mәr­tebesin kótere aitqan jyryna bas úrghan júrt­shylyq aldynda tipti irilenip, shalqaq otyr.

Shu ózenining bergi qaptalyndaghy Shong Kemin jazyghynda jaghalatyp birneshe qatarlap kileng aq júmyrtqaday ýilerdi tigip tastaghan, sanasang úzyn sanynan janylasyn, arghy sheti men bergi sheti kórinbeydi. Tús-tústan aghylyp kelip jatqan halyqta esep joq, qúmyrsqaday qújynap jýr.

Jeti atasynan beri dәuleti ýzilmegen ataq­ty Jantay hannyng úly Shәbden manap ta býkil Pishpek uezi ghana emes iysi qyrghyzda sóilese sózi, aitsa isi jýrip túrghan, tasy órge domalaghan, ataghy jer jarghan asylzada aqsýiek.

Aybyny asyp, aq patshadan polkovnik she­nin alghan Shәbden manaptyng asyna myna sheti sonou Peterbordaghy saryala shendi úlyqtar, batystan taqiyalaryn birshekeley kiygen ózbekter men qoqandar, Alataudyng teriskeyi­nen dóngelek bórikti qazaqtar, arghy shyghys­taghy qalmaq, qytay, dýngen, úighyrlardyng da iygi jaqsylary men sýt betine shyghar qay­maqtary-au degenderi týgel jinalypty.

Osynshama tolqyghan suday ýsti-ýstine kelip jatqan nópir qonaqtardy ret-retimen, jón-joralghysymen qarsy alyp, ornalastyryp jýr­gen әppaq aiyr qalpaq, әppaq beshpent kiyin­gen kýtushi qyrghyz jigitterining iltipat peyiline razy bolasyn.

Aqyn, әnshi, jyrshylardy әspettep Shudyng joghary boyyna, Shong Kemin sayyna kire beris tústaghy qalyng qaraghayly betkeyding etegine qoralana tigilgen onshaqty ýige alyp keldi… Kópten kórispegen auzymen qús tistegen nebir dýldýl­der bir-birin saghynysyp kórisip, bórtip qymyz ishisip, boza shayqasyp әngime-dumandy qyz­dyr­dy-ay dersin.

Mine, Jәkennen keyin qyrghyzdar komuz tartty. Qiyaqpen, sybyzghymen, syrnaymen san týrli ghajayyp ýnderdi tudyryp, kýy shertkende Alatau aq sәldeli kәri basyn iyip maujyrap, Ystyqkól tolqynyn tyiyp, sabyr saqtap, jazghy dala ishin tartyp tyndady-ay dersin! Eki kýn boyy kýy shertisti, syrnay tartysty. Shudyng sapyrylghan shuyly bәsensip, juasyp, jaghasyndaghy tal-shilikter qayran qalyp, jәimen sybyrlasyp, bastaryn shayqasty. Tónirek kýy siqyryna әldiylenip, maujyray bógip, rahattana tyndady-ay.

Birinen biri ilip alghan búlardy tamasha­laghan karaqúrym júrt kýni-týni bir ýzilmedi.

Kenen ә degennen balbyraghan әnge kóshti. Syrshyl da aduyn Baluan Sholaq aghasynyng әnderinen keyin ózining «Boztorghayy» men «Kóksholaghyn» júrtshylyq qayta-qayta ait­qyzdy. Asqa kelgender búl әndi ýirenip, auyldaryna sybagha-olja ghyp ala qaytty. Qar­shyghaday qomdanyp kezegine jete almay otyrghan Ayqym Ýmbetәli ólendi kesek-kese­gimen tastap, seldey jaughyzdy. Myng týrlenip, seksen shiratylyp, toqsan tarqatylyp termeley kelip, bir ornynda otyra almay arnauynyng ózi bir qissa deytindey boldy.

– Oi, pәli aqyn bolsang Ýmbetәlidey bol! – dep Jәkeng kótermelep edi, júlqynghan jýirik­tey tipti aghyzyp ketti.

Kәribaydyng men úly Ýmbetәli

Qiyspasa kelmeydi-au sózding sәni.

Teng keler Toqtaghúlday er súnqargha

Qyrghyzda aqyn bar ma aitshy qane, –

degen sәtte qyrghyzdyng shúbar bet begi ornynan atyp túryp:

– Toqtat! Búl ne sonda, jaman qashqyndy sonsha dәriptep! – dep tepsinip shygha keldi. Sol sәtte aty atalyp jatqanyn qúlaghy shalyp qalghan Toqtaghúl da ýige kirip keldi.

– Shyq ýiden qane, qashqyn! – dep janaghy bek aiqaylap, otyrystyng shyrqyn búzdy. Ýmbetәli de sasyp tór jaghalay otyrghan Erkebay, Múratәli, Orazaly, Qalmyrzalardyng ortasyndaghy Jambylgha qarady. Jambyl keregege sýieuli túrghan dombyrasyn júlyp alyp, Toqtaghúlgha qarap ólendete jóneldi.

Kelding be aqiyghym alys jerden

Ótipsing samghap úshyp asqar belden.

«Almas pyshaq qap týbinde jatpas» – degen,

Han, tóre ainalmay ma sendey erden.

Er ghana elin tabar izdep jýrip

Jýrse de ghúmyrynda qorlyq kórip.

Qúlanday-aq búghauyn ýzip qashqan

Jetipsing endi, mine, elge kelip! –

dedi de, týregelip, qúshaqtap dәl qasynan oryn berdi.

– Áy, qazaqtyng yrshysy! Sen mening kim ekenimdi tanymay túrsyn-au deymin? Men Bәitik degen manappyn. Myna Toqtaghúl aiypker, qashqynymyz. Áyelding etegi kóterile berse, erkekting tili úzara berse, – basy ketetinin bilesing be! Sen búl iske aralaspa! Bәring mey­mansyndar. Búl tirliginde ongha qolyn sozsa, kýnge jetetin, solgha qolyn sozsa, aidy ústaytyn әmiri aq patshaday qasiyetti Shәbden manaptyng asy. Sondyqtan da, qashqyndy jaq­tamay jayyna otyr, – dep ekilenip, úmtylyp edi, Maqysh ornynan atyp túryp, әlgining qolyndaghy qamshysyn júlyp aldy. Ýidegiler óre týregelip, qazaqtar jaghy bizge qamshy siltedi dep órshelenip, namysqa basyp ushyq­tyryp ala jónelgende toy basqarushy aqsaqal­dar kelip at-shapan aiybynyz dep keshirim súrap, daudy әzer tyidy. Selkildep, qalshyl­daghan Bәitikti qoltyqtap dyryldap sýire­gendey qylyp ala jóneldi. Jambyl endi qasyndaghy Toqtaghúlgha týgel búrylyp aldy da, jeldirte әuenine basyp, tógip-tógip jiberdi.

Túlpardy túlpar tanidy,

Erteden shapsa talmaytyn.

Súnqardy súnqar tanidy,

Ilerde jemin samghaytyn.

Batyrdy batyr tanidy,

Úrandap jaugha shapqanda.

Jaughan oqtan qaytpaytyn,

Jaqsyny jaqsy tanidy,

Syrtynan ghaybat aitpaytyn.

El búlbúly Toqtaghúl,

Jyrymen jauyn jasqaytyn.

Pende emes pe Toqtaghúl,

Ordagha ayaq baspaytyn.

Qarghany qargha tanidy,

Qarqyldap qaghyp qanatyn.

Qúzghyndy qúzghyn tanidy,

Óleksege auyz salatyn.

Bolysty bolys tanidy,

Parany jalmap alatyn.

Manapty manap tanidy,

Nashargha qúryq salatyn.

Aqyndy aqyn tanidy

Sóz qadirin andaytyn.

Toqtaghúl men Jambyldyn

Jyrlary sel bop aghatyn.

Qiyadan úshsa qos qyran,

Birin biri tabatyn…

Jambyl úzaq tolghap, arghy-bergini qayyryp, Toqtaghúlday dosynyng iriligi men seriligi, aqyndyghy men jaqyndyghy jayly tebirene syryn aqtardy, aqjarylqap peyilin bildirdi.

Toqtaghúl da jýzi shamyrqanyp, Jәkenning niyetine razy pishinmen jadyrap, qomuzyn alyp, shertip-shertip jiberdi. Typyr­shyghan, yzghyghan jorghaday qomuzy qoldy-ayaqqa tiymey alyp qashsa da sabalap, jandy sergiter әuenge sala jauap qayyrdy.

Qazaqta Jambyl sen edin

Shalqyp jatqan kól edin.

Óleni ottay laulaghan

Tasyp bir ótken sel edin.

Qyrghyzda bir bauyryn

Toqtaghúlyng men edim.

Qay qyrghyzdan kem edim,

Qarsy bolyp manappen

«Itjekkendi» kórgenmin.

Jalasymen bekterdin

Sibirde de ólmedim.

Qorlyq kórip jýrgende

Óleng bolyp ermegim.

Saghynyp elge kelgende

Namysty qoldan bermedim, —

dep Ibir-Sibirge aidalghandaghy kórgen qúqay­lary jayly termelep, aman-esen eline kelgende әli de bolsa sonynan qalmay óshtesip jýrgen­derge qaray qatulana aiqay saldy.

– Ei, manaptar, manaptar

Shәbdenning búl asynda

Qyrghyz benen qazaqtar,

Bas qosady degen son

Jinalypty sanattar.

Bolys penen biylerin,

Qazan andyp búl kýnde

Búralqy ittey jalandar, –

degen kezde Eshkibay degen qyrghyz shydamady:

– Áy, Toqtaghúl botam! Aqyn degen er erkesi degenge ókpenmenen qabynba, jónindi bil! Sen búralqy itter dep elding iygi jaqsylaryna til tiygizip dattap túrsyn. Taghy da itjekkenge aidalyp ketip qap jýrme, adam bәleni qyzyl tilinen tabady. Qyzyl tilge otyz eki tis qamau bolghan jón, – dep Toqtaghúlgha qarap kijine zil tastady. Aragha taghy da Jambyl týsti.

– Sabyr, aghayyn! Arasha berinizder býginshe Toqtaghúlgha. Ashynyp kelip aqyndardy kórip arqalanyp artyghyraq ketip jatsa, óz tentek­tering ghoy. As-tamasha ózderindiki. Bizding kózi­mizshe bir erkelikti kóterer dep aityp jatqany ghoy, ashu-dau abyroy әpermes, – dep toqtau súradyq.

Ýstine qyzyl atlastan oyly shapan kiygen Shәbdenning bel balasy, osy as iyesi ýige kirip:

– Al, ainalayyn aqyn-jyrshy­lar, ýsh kýn boyy óner kórsetip otyrsyzdar! Endi sizderge syi-siyapat úsynghaly túrmyz. Bas bәige qazaqtyng shong aqy­ny Jambylgha beriledi, – dep jýni myng qúlpyrghan qúndyz ton berip, esik aldyna kýmis ertoqymdy tórtóbel atty jetektep әkelip tabys etti. Qyrghyzdyng bas yrshysy Qalmyrzagha qasqyr ishik kiygizdi, Toqtaghúlgha bes jýz som berdi.

– Al, biz asyghyspyz, әli talay tamasha bar, jata-jastanyp qyzyghyn kórinizder, – dep as iye­leri ketisimen, Toqtaghúl sharshy ortagha shyghyp:

– Búlan myrza, syiyna kóp rahmet. Kóp­shilik aldynda myna bes jýz tengeni qaltama salyp alyp ketsem, kórgensizdigim bolar. Myna Jambyl bayekemning jaqsylyghyn býgin aitpasam, qashan aitpaqpyn. Ana bir jyly Sibir­den jalang ayaq, jalang bas qaytyp kele jat­qa­nymda eki ay boyy qasyna ústap, meyman etip, kiyindirip, toyyndyryp, astyma at berip qúr­met­tep shygharyp salghan edi. Býgin, mine, qasy­nan oryn berip, kóringen itke talatpay arasha­gha týsip jatyr. Iyghymdy Alataugha sýiengendey bolamyn Jambyl bayekem barda. Siz bizding qadirmendi qonaghymyzsyz. Mynau as­tynyzgha mingizgen arghymaghym dep biliniz, – dep alghan bes jýz somdy Jambyldyng aldyna qoydy.

– Niyetine bek rizamyn, Toqtaghúl botam. Alty jyl asharshylyq bolsa da ata saltyn úmyt­paytyn kiyeli elding úlysyn, – dep Jambyl әlgi aqshany aldy da elding bәrine kórsetip túryp:

– Men yrymgha dep jýz somyn alayyn, qalghanyn ózing iygiligine júmsa. Alystan at arytyp, sýieging júqaryp, tabanynnan syz ótip, mandayynnan kýn ótip jana keldin.

– Sizge atadym ghoy, Bayeke, – dep Toqtaghúl ala qoymap edi, Jambyldyng jýieli de jýlgeli sózine toqtap, razy pishinmen didary ashyldy.

– Toqtaghúl, songhy kezderi sening jolyng bolmay, emenge qarsy bitken bútaqtay, qara dauylgha tótep beretin bala qyranday bóten keyip tanytyp jýrsin. «Batyr qol bastaydy, shapan jol bas­taydy» demekshi, qyrsyghyng kesilsin. Auzynnan inju-gauhar tógilgen aqyn­syn. Jyryng myna Ystyqkólding tolqynynday tolqysyn. Saghan yrymdap myna býgin maghan kiygizgen qúndyz tondy arqana jabayyn dep otyrmyn. Jolyng ashylsyn, bәle-jalany qashyrsyn, ólen-jyrdyng qúty darysyn. Búl jalghyz mening ghana emes, myna qyrghyz aghayyn­dardan jaqsylyqty kóp kórgen osy otyrghan býkil qazaq bauyrlarynnyng syi-siyapaty, jón-joralghysy dep bil, – dep Jambyl mana ózine kiygizgen myng qúlpyryp, kózding jauyn alghan tondy Toqtaghúldyng arqasyna japty. Eki aqyn tór aldynda qúshaqtary jazylmay bir-birining arqasynan qaghyp úzaq túryp qaldy.

Býkil el-júrt eki aqynnyng dostyghyna qayran qaldy. Úly aqyn úlylyghyn búl jerde de kórsetip ketti.

Naghashybek QAPALBEKÚLY,

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